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This is to help organize your studying. All of our topics are listed here. If you have questions regarding what we did/covered, please ask ASAP.

SBI 4U SPRING 2016

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FINAL EXAM REVIEW

GRADE 12 UNIVERSITY BIOLOGY -

1. Biochemistry

a. General Grade 11 Chemistry Review (elec-tronegavity, covalent/ionic, polar & non-polar, dipole-dipole, H-Bonds

b. Functional Groups, Isomers, Isotopes, etc.

2. Organic Nomenclature

a. Naming, Rules, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes only

3. Macromolecules

a. polymers, monomers

b. Reactions - Hydrolysis/Condensation

4. Carbohydrates

a. mono/di/polysaccharides

b. examples of each

c. functions of each

d. linkages - how and naming

e. general structure of glucose

f. numbering of monosaccharides

5. Proteins

a. general structure of amino acids

b. peptide linkages

c. primary, secondary, tertiary, quatenary struc-ture

d. functions

6. Lipids

a. saturated v. unsaturated

b. why hydrophobic

c. triglycerides v. phospholipids (general struc-ture and function)

d. steroids & waxes

7. Nucleic Acids

a. DNA v. RNA

Overall Topics

1. Biochemistry2. Organic Naming3. Macromolecules4. Nutritional Information5. Membrane & Transport

Unit One - Biochemistry

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b. nucleotides, base pair, 5’-3’ ends, purines, pyrimidines, back-bone, phosphodiester bond, glycosol bond, .

8. Nutritional Information

a. Artificial Sweeteners (aspartame & sucralose)

b. Why you need carbs, lipids, proteins.

c. General calorie information

9. Cells, Membrane & Transport

a. cell membrane structure, passive v. active transport,

b. iso/hyper/hypotonic solutions

c. organelles - general function & location (understand the spe-cific functions of organelles we discussed in detail during the course... ie. mitochondria, chloroplast)

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GRADE 12 UNIVERSITY BIOLOGY -

1. Metabolism

a. types of energy, 1st Law of Thermodynam-ics

b. anabolic/catabolic/uphill/downhill reac-tions

c. metabolic rate & factors to control

2. ATP & Enzymes

a. ATP - general structure & parts

b. enzymes - catalysts, how they work, e.g. sucrase

3. Cellular Respiration

a. Overall Reaction (ie. what it does)

b. Reduction/Oxidation Reactions

c. Glycolysis/Pyruvate Oxidation/Krebs/ETC & Chemiosmosis

d. Mitochondrial Structure & Cytoplasm

e. where is each part, summary in words, sum-mary in diagram, reactants & products (ie... side board)

f. Lactic Acid & Yeast Fermentation (where & why & overall)

g. general knowledge - Rotenone

4. Photosynthesis

a. Leaf Structure, Chloroplast Structure

b. Light (ROYGBV & blue shirts)

c. Light Reactions, Calvin Cycles

d. where is each part, summary in words, sum-mary in diagram, reactants & products (ie... side board)

e. Fates of G3P

Overall Topics

1. Metabolism2. ATP & Enzymes3. Cellular Respiration4. Photosynthesis

Unit Two - Metabolism

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GRADE 12 UNIVERSITY BIOLOGY -

1. Thermoregulation

a. how your body responds to change?

b. hypo- & hyperthermia

2. Negative & Positive Feedback

a. Overview on each & examples of each

b. Examples of what the body regulates

c. Oxytocin & baby birthing

3. Endocrine

a. any glands/hormones we discussed & how they work

b. Blood Sugar (Insulin/Glucagon) & general regulation, Diabetes (type 1 & type II & ges-tational)

c. Sleep Regulation Melatonin,

d. ADH & Diabetes Insipidus

6. Nervous System

a. Neuron Parts, types of neurons (sensory, in-terneuron, & motor)

b. Reflex Arc

c. Action Potential - explain how it works, draw graph & relate to movement of ions

d. Synapses & Neurotransmitters - draw & ex-plain - use Dopamine as an example

e. Drugs and the Nervous System (focus on cocaine & meth on how it works)

Overall Topics

1. Thermoregulation2. Negative & Positive

Feedback3. Endocrine4. Nephron5. Nervous System

Unit Three - Homeostasis

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GRADE 12 UNIVERSITY BIOLOGY -

1. DNA Structure

a. see Macromolecules

2. DNA Replication

a. enzymes involved

b. draw & explain (lagging, leading, & all terms on side board etc).

3. Gene & Genome

a. size & distribution, chromosomes v. chro-matids

b. recipe v. cookbook analogy - What is a gene? What is a genome?

c. general structure of gene (promoter, start, etc.)

d. micro-satellites (centromeres, telomeres, VNTR’s)

6. Transcription

a. where, by what, introns, exons, etc.

b. post-transcriptional modifications (hat. boots, editing

7. Translation

a. where, by what, tRNA, small sub-unit, A-site, etc.

b. using genetic code correctly

8. Mutations

a. Point & Frameshift, sense, mis-sense & stop

b. severity and how mutations occur

9. Biotechnology

a. General overview of the Western Biotech Lab - in a sentence or two, what did we do each day

b. Correct use of terms such as; anti-biotic, E.coli, T-vector/plasmid, ligase, po-lymerase, transformation, gel electrophore-sis, PCR, pipette, agar plate, restriction en-zyme (EcoR1) & restriction site

Overall Topics

1. Thermoregulation2. Negative & Positive

Feedback3. Endocrine4. Nephron5. Nervous System

Unit Four - Genetics

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GRADE 12 UNIVERSITY BIOLOGY -

1. Sampling Populations

a. transect, quadrat, mark & recapture

b. population size & population density

c. types of population distributions

2. Life Histories

a. fecundity, reproductive strategies

b. survivorship (types, graphs & examples)

3. Population Changes

a. population growth, growth rate (gr), open & closed populations

b. biotic potential

c. geometric, exponential & logistic growth curves

d. carrying capacity

e. r-selected & k-selected species

4. Factors Affecting Populations

a. density dependent & density independent factors

b. inter/intraspecific competition

c. sinusoidal growth & predator prey relation-ships

d. parasitism, commensalism, mutualism,

5. Human Populations

a. general info

b. type of population, k or r-selected

Overall Topics

1. Sampling Populations2. Life History3. Population Changes4. Factors Affecting Pops5. Human Population

Unit Five - Population Dynamics

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