long term perspectives

8/11/2019 Long Term Perspectives

1/100

1


2/100

2

1.0

1.1

. , . F ,

, .

.

1.2 ,

, , .

. A ,

,

. , .

1.3 4 81.54

201314. .

(A1)

. A 1990

, .

,

.

1.4. 2005 ( 2005)

.

1.5., 2008, , ,

. D

, .

.

,

, , , , . 2008

2014. A, ,

550 .

201112, .


3/100

3

1.6. ,

2005.

. F

, , , .

D

,

. ,

.

1.7. A ,

, , . G

,

. G ,

.

, ,

. G

,

. A , ,

. ,

.

1.8 F,

. ,

, , ,

,

, , ,

.

1.9.

. 25 , ,

2035. , .

() : ,

.


4/100

4

() 203233.

()

.

()

() ,


5/100

5

C 1

2.0 ,

2.1 G 1583 2013.

67 A. C 49.2 .

1

S: SA

2.2 CAGR 3.65 20082012.

1.6 19732008

2.86 19912008,

2008.

H, , , ,

.

734 720 728 725 752 750 799 777 789

848 850 904

9701061

11471249

1347 13411236

14321536 1547

1583

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

C ( )


6/100

6

2

S: SA

2.3 G

.

2.4 ,

. A

2012

,

.

3

S: SA

1.89

1.080.33

3.75

0.31

6.52

2.70

1.51

7.43

0.31

6.347.289.41

8.058.937.85

0.43

7.86

15.85

7.30

0.692.34

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

G C G O

(%)

177196223239

247 236268 269281

307 300319332

366371418

445437

327

389417 414

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

( E) M


7/100

7

4

S: SA

2.5

.

,

. C

, ,

.

2.6 A, ,

.

. F,

,

. , ,

.

2.7 F,

,

, ,

.

27

30

3336 36

3437 38

39 39 38 38 37 3735

36 36 35

28 29 29 29

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

( %)


8/100

8

2.8 , ,

C. , A . E

. F

,

.

5

S: I M F

6

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

GDOM$

GD G C, J A

C

J

SA


9/100

9

7

: F

2.9 20 ,

. , ,

.

.

2.10

,

. , ,

7.8 7.5 6.95.8

4.8 5.1 5.8 5.7 6.0 5.9

8.07.1 7.0

5.64.6 5.0 4.4 5.1 4.9

5.8

IMF E N G

A 2013 EO O 2013 EO


10/100

10

, .

,

.

2.11 , ,

, , , , .

2.12

2050, , 2030.

.

.

. E , .

2.13 2030

.

. C,

.

C , C

.

,

. G ,

.

2.14

28 GDP, 2122 GDP

2000. B ,

. 33 GDP,

,

. E S

20 GDP, 15 . I

, . M (

GDP) C I .

2.15 A ,

,

C, , , ..


11/100

11

C ,

. ,

,

.

2.16

. B

? A B (2013), ,

() 2030

60 .

2000,

20 .

2.17

.

2.18 C

.

D ,

.

E .

A / .

,

C, A .

2.19 G

. G

,

, .

2.20

.

.


12/100

12

2.21 A

,

D (D),

.

. (1)

1 '

C ( )

/ 2008 2013 2014 2015 2025

118.7 108.8 110.2 111.0 121.0

E 163.7 132.9 136.9 140.4 158.1

91.9 87.0 89.5 92.5 110.0

117.0 120.0 124.2 126.6 147.0

A 491.3 448.7 460.8 470.5 536.1

500.0 770.0 790.0 802.0 850.0

55.1 78.5 78.0 82.0 113.0

EA 25.3 33.0 35.1 36.2 62.0

255.0 243.8 249.4 257.7 311.4

.

335.4 355.3 362.5 375.9 486.4

1326.7 1574.0 1613.3 1648.4 1872.5

. 826.7 804.0 823.3 846.4 1022.5

C A G (%)

/

2008

2014

2014

2015 2015 2025

1.23 0.73 0.87 E 2.94 2.56 1.19

0.44 3.35 1.75

1.00 1.93 1.51

A

1.06 2.11 1.31


13/100

13

7.92 1.52 0.58

5.96 5.13 3.26

EA 5.61 3.13 5.53

0.37 3.33 1.91 .

1.30 3.70 2.61

3.31 2.18 1.28

. 0.07 2.81 1.91

S: SD

8

S: SD

2.22 ,

, 2030 .

. ,

, ,

.

. , A

, C

GD.

2.23 / D

(D) , . A

, ( )

1.28 20152025

1873 2025. ,

1.2

2.9

0.4

1.0

1.1

0.7

2.6

3.4

1.9 2.1

0.9 1.2

1.7 1.5 1.3

J E S O A

C

G F (DN)

2008 2014 2014 2015 2015 2025


14/100

14

2020. , C

0.58 .

9

S: SD

10

S: SD

11

S: SA

1326.7 1574.0 1613.3 1648.4

1872.5

826.7 804.0 823.3 846.4 1022.5

2008 2013 2014 2015 2025

C F ( )

. C

7.96.0 5.6

0.4

1.31.5

5.13.1 3.3 3.7

0.6

3.35.5

1.9 2.6

C I MENA O D

C

D

. C

G F (D)

2008 2014 2014 2015 2015 2025

500.0770.0 790.0 802.0

850.0

335.4 355.3 362.5 375.9 486.4

2008 2013 2014 2015 2025

C F ( )

C D . C


15/100

15

2.24

, , ,

. 113

2025.

,

() () ,

.

.

2.25 D

.

.

,

. ( 2,3 4)

2 G E C C O

( , )

G GC

(

)

G

E

C

(

)

R

E

C/

G

G

C

O

($ )

G S

P

(

)

G

C

O

O R

2000 1107 947 0.856 24 850 $28 89.7

2001 1130 977 0.864 24 852 $28 87.2

2002 1175 1011 0.861 24 905 $27 89.4

2003 1250 1067 0.853 32 971 $33 91.0

2004 1329 1152 0.867 39 1072 $36 93.0

2005 1428 1262 0.884 62 1144 $54 90.6

2006 1524 1369 0.898 86 1247 $69 91.1

2007 1619 1463 0.904 109 1346 $81 92.0

2008 1696 1535 0.905 128 1327 $96 86.4

2009 1801 1634 0.907 111 1236 $89 75.6

2010 1907 1734 0.909 119 1421 $84 81.9

2011 1982 1820 0.918 132 1538 $86 84.5

2012 2056 1889 0.919 149 1562 $96 82.7

2013 2132 1960 0.919 144 1600 $90 81.6

2014 2190 2002 0.91 130 1640 $79 81.9

2015 2215 2014 0.909 110 1676 $66 83.2

2016 2200 1990 0.904 85 1696 $50 85.2


16/100

16

2017 2200 1988 0.903 90 1717 $52 86.4

2018 2230 2014 0.903 100 1739 $58 86.4

2019 2215 1999 0.902 105 1766 $59 88.4

2020 2225 2008 0.902 110 1789 $61 89.1

: D 7 C #72

3 E C C O C

( , )

C GC

(

)

C

E

C

(

)

R

E

C/

G

C

C

O

($ )

C S

P

(

)

C

C

O

O R

2000 164 154 0.94 5 129 $37 83.5

2001 185 176 0.95 6 152 $40 86.1

2002 240 204 0.85 8 182 $47 89.3

2003 304 234 0.77 14 222 $65 94.8 2004 368 302 0.82 20 283 $71 93.8

2005 435 379 0.87 28 353 $80 93.3

2006 515 469 0.91 29 419 $69 89.4

2007 590 537 0.91 34 489 $69 91.1

2008 648 590 0.91 47 500 $93 84.8

2009 738 672 0.91 47 576 $81 85.7

2010 817 743 0.91 51 630 $81 84.7

2011 872 811 0.93 60 702 $86 86.6

2012 940 874 0.93 80 731 $109 83.6

2013 1000 930 0.93 82 780 $105 83.9

2014 1040 967 0.93 70 800 $88 82.7

2015 1065 990 0.93 60 812 $74 82.0

2016 1075 1000 0.93 40 817 $49 81.7

2017 1050 987 0.94 40 821 $49 83.2

2018 1050 987 0.94 40 826 $48 83.7

2019 1025 964 0.94 40 836 $48 86.8

2020 1025 964 0.94 40 841 $48 87.3

: D 7 C #72


17/100

17

4 E C C O C

( , )

R

C

R

C

R

E

C/

G

R

C

CO

($ )

R

C S

P

N

C

C

O

O

R

2000 943 793 0.84 19 721 $27 90.9

2001 945 801 0.85 18 700 $26 87.4

2002 934 807 0.86 16 722 $22 89.5

2003 946 832 0.88 18 748 $24 89.9

2004 961 851 0.89 19 789 $24 92.7

2005 992 884 0.89 34 791 $43 89.5

2006 1009 900 0.89 57 828 $69 92.0

2007 1029 927 0.90 75 857 $87 92.5

2008 1047 945 0.90 81 827 $98 87.5

2009 1063 962 0.91 64 660 $96 68.6

2010 1090 990 0.91 67 791 $85 79.9

2011 1110 1009 0.91 72 836 $86 82.8

2012 1116 1015 0.91 69 831 $84 81.9

2013 1132 1030 0.91 62 829 $75 80.5

2014 1150 1035 0.90 60 849 $71 82.0

2015 1150 1024 0.89 50 873 $57 85.3

2016 1125 990 0.88 45 889 $51 89.8

2017 1150 1001 0.87 50 905 $55 90.5

2018 1180 1027 0.87 60 922 $65 89.8

2019 1190 1035 0.87 65 939 $60 90.7

2020 1200 1044 0.87 70 957 $73 91.7

: D 7 C #72


18/100

18

2.26 ,

.

. , 1500

, 5060

.

2.27 A ,

2025.

() 2025

63 52 2011 D

4.5 A E 1.5

. GD

D , , ,

, .

.

() ( )

.

(.., ),

,

,

,

.

.

. C ,

,

.

A .

2025 50 ,

. C

,

. C


19/100

19

.

.

()

.

, 1.5

2020.

,

, , ,

.

,

.

, C,

,

, .

()

,

. A D, C 2013

2 . ,

.

()

.

, .

.

.

.

()

.

A E, .

()

.

A

. F,

A


20/100

20

.

. F, C,

A ,

.

() .

. ,

,

. C .

, . C

.

()

. .

.

2.21

.

,

,

.

, .

. , ,

. GD

. D

, GD

.


21/100

21

12

S: ER

2.28 ,

C .

13

S: ER

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

C M $ GD

I

M

B

S A

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

C () M $ GD

C J SA I


22/100

22

2

3.0

3.1 D ,

,

.

3.2

(GD) ,

, , , , ..

,

65 . . ,

, , ..

3.3 , 200304.

. D ,

.

. ,

. A

,

, ., 6.57 GD 20

.

,

8 9 . A

,

.

3.4 , ,

,

. , ,

. E A , C


23/100

23

. F, E A

1980 1990 C

. ,

,

.

5060 .

3.5 E

.

,

.

, ,

. A

.

3.6 A ,

,

. , C . B,

.

3.7 ,

.

3.8

. , B C G (BCG)

. :

) GD 2002 2013

7.4 8.2 .

12 GD 6 6.5 , GD


24/100

24

1.1,

7.3 202526, ,

155 170 .

) B

, ,

59 2011 175 202526,

1.43 , 202526 250

.

) 25 2025

16 / $

2012 22 25 / $ 202525.

9 10 202526

230 255 . ( 5)

5 F

(1)

170

A 30 35 9

11

A 20 30 9

11

A

10 15 11

14 /15

A 10 15 B

A 5 10

(2) / (3)

245 250

3.9 A , BCG, B A

, .

.

GD . , GD . ,

.


25/100

25

13

S: ER

14

S: ER

3.10 ,

GD ,

GD . 202526 DAG 6 6.5

GD . A ,

165171 . ,

190205 .

E

. E, ,

GD 6.5 7 .(6,7)

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

C () M $ GD

C J SA I

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

C M $ GD

I

M

B

S A


26/100

26

8 , ,

.

6 ( )

201314 202526 203233

F S D @ 6.5

GDP G R

74 176 273

F S D @ 7

GDP G R

74 186 298

F S D @ 8

GDP G R

74 208 339

7

( )201314 202526 203233

C S P @ 6.5

GDP G R

81 185 287

C S P @ 7

GDP G R

81 196 314

C S P @ 8

GDP G R

81 219 357

3.11 , ,

GD .

, 89 1520 ., ,

. , , 7

.

3.12 ,

, ,

,

GD 56 .

.

.

3.13 , A , C

(C) .

300 202526.


27/100


28/100

28

C 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3.16 S 2.4 . I

I, 3.6

201213. G

, 5 .

7

.( 9,10,11 12) I . , .

9: F D ( )202526 203233

F D @ 6.5 GD G

6.4 11

F D @ 7 GD G

7.44 11.9

F D @ 8 GD G

10.4 17

10: F ( )202526 203233

C @ 6.5

GD G

7.04 12.1

C @ 7 GD G

8.2 13.1

C @ 8 GD G

11 18

11: F A D ( )202526 203233

F D @ 6.5 GD G

11.2 19.2

F D @ 7 GD G

13 20.86

F D @ 8 GD G

14.6 24

12 F A ( )202526 203233


29/100

29

3.17 I ,

( DRI/HBI). P

. F , ,

..

. A 6 6.5 ,

.

3.18 F (DRI/HBI) . I

, ,

, , .. I , .

H, 201617

, . (13)

13 F I ( HBI/DI) I F

202526 203233

P I P S 14.5 21.8

DRI P ( C+G B ) 50 78

I G

3.19 G ,

.

.

3.20

, , , . F,

,

. A

, ., ,

C @ 6.5 GD G

12.32 21.12

C @ 7 GD G

14.3 22.95

C @ 8 GD G

15.3 25


30/100


31/100

31

3

4.0 I O4.1 I ,

. H,

, , H. S C ,

. M L.

300

202526, 203233. I

7 GDP ,

7.3 203536.

4.2

, .14 R M D 6.5 GDP S

201314 202526 203233

C 81 185 287

I O D 132 295 454

C C D 50 133 206

CI D 2.3 6.7 10.6

N 30 47 80

M 9.4 21.4 33

15R M D 7 GDP S

201314 202526 203233

C 81 196 314I O D 132 311 494

C C D 53.6 130 206

N

23 73 124

M 9.4 23 36


32/100

32

16R M D 8 GDP S

201314 202526 203233

C 81 219 375I O D 132 346 584

C C D 54 144 244

N

23 83 150

M 9.4 25 43.4

4.3 G ,

. A

. ( RR)

.

17R/R I (H) A 1.4.2010 (P)(B S)

S

( 000 )

A I () 8,093,546 9,788,551 17,882,098

A 152,217 229,261 381,478

A 0 12,600 12,600

B 0 55 55

C 900,110 2,391,714 3,291,824

G 469,844 457,328 927,172

J 2,304,142 2,292,478 4,596,620

K 876,866 1,281,811 2,158,678

M 56,814 174,632 231,446

M 13,414 269,795 283,209

M 0 225 225

O 3,313,000 2,617,232 5,930,232

7,139 23,420 30,560

0 38,000 38,000

: IBM


33/100


34/100

34

I

, .

. , I ,

, .

4.7 A, , ,

.

.

4.8 C , ,

, ,

,

.

4.9 . B

S C K, 336 IBM

201112 . A

. O

.

. F .

4.10 ,

.

.

,

. ,

, .G

,

, , .

.

,

. ,


35/100


36/100

36

, 180

203233 7 GDP GDP

. , PCI

. A

,

, , ,

I , .. CI . A . I

,

. , , ,

.

4.16 , ,

, . .

, ,

.

.

.

4.17 A , N C D P, 75 M C

. H,

, F S A (FSA) ,

MO FSA 50

A C Q (ACQ) /

. I CIL

. ,

FSA

.

4.18 M 60 I

. O ,

10 .

.

.


37/100

37

.

4.19 I J A 15

. A , . , . J . J D A (JDA), , ' . JDA 2700 55,000 595 . .

4.20 D

,

.

( ICL, J

, . SAIL, RINL, NMDC CIL)

,

.

M

I PPP. I . O

.. I I I

. I , I .

4.21 I , . , , ,

.

. I ,

. F,

. ,


38/100

38

,

.

4.22 G I

S F,

I . .

4.23 B,

( A, M, , )

, /

I I

. , I

I

. I

Q, A

.

. I

.

L:

4.24 201112 256.7

4 .

4.25 659 201112 592 .

, 40 201112. 9 ,

2 3 8 . A 27

51 , 1 2

. 25 577

3 . 79

. A 6

.

4.26 A P (21 )

, R (19 ), M P (13 ),G (9 ), N, K C (8 ), M

H P (4 ) 6

M, P, O, J, K, B, A J K.

4.27 A 94 201112 , 5 1 .


39/100

39

4.28 I ,

. I . I

,

, .

4.29 F , (CCO3)

90 . SO2 A2O3 6

11.5 ; MO 4

. I S M S (SMS),

4 . G

, , . L , ,

, . BIS

IS : 10345 2004 (S R; R

2009).

4.30 O J H , , . I .

4.31 F I

:

. D .

. R .

. I .

. S , AE, O, . B, , , . I , .

M

4.32 I G S (A) M P (B, C

J ), M (B N ), G (P

), O (S ) K S (A) O (G

K ) A P (S ).


40/100

40

20 / M (B )A 1.4.2005 1.4.2010

(I '000 )

S

1.4.2005

A I A I378569

A P 15583

G 19057

G 2954

J 7458

K 82736

M P 62422

M 30353O 152964

R 4821

B 200

F .

(P) : P

4.33 NFC 1.4.2005

378.57 . O , 138.15

240.42 . G

, 7 , 8 , BF

34 51 , , , ,

0.5 / .

4.34 S, O 40 K

(22 ), M P (16 ), M (8 ), G (5 )

A P (4 ). R, G, J B

5 . H, M M P .

21 : M O 200910 201112()

( )

/ D 200910 201011 201112 (P)


41/100

41

Q Q Q

I 2491950 3056385 2349300

A 260628 290785 322087

G 770 440 1550

G 55090 245240

J 39875 44898 18265

K 301163 413287 136072

M 607148 716285 648283

M 613520 672828 649898

O 605313 655984 565662

8443 16638 7483

S: IBM

4.35 P 4.2 . D201112 , I 1.2 ,

, .

4.36 B ,

203233

. I ,

M , .

22 D M O I I G

C (I )

GDP G R

GDP( )

202526 203233

6.5 9.6 14.9

7.0 10.2 16.3

8.0 11.4 19.5

K I M OE

4.37 I

. D ,

C G (GSI MECL) S G

.


42/100

42

4.38

M O . B,

/ M O

, /

. , .

B M O

4.39 O , 15

.

,

.

, . G R

D

. MOIL,

,

. , R

D . ,

.

A M O

4.40 D

, ,

,

.

O

4.41 K

,

, . I , ,

,

, S A, A .

M M


43/100

43

4.42 K

,

.

. I , R D

. A ,

.

. A

, .

C

4.43 C ; ..,

,

. C . A NFC

, 1.4.2010 (P)

203.3 , 53.9 (26.5 ) 149.4

(73.5 ).

23: / CA 1.4.2010 ()

(B )( 000 )

S R R

R

A I () 53,970 149,376 203,346

A P 0 187 187

J 0 736 736

K 745 887 1632

M 76 556 632

M 76 6581 6657

N 0 3200 3200

O 53073 136948 190021

N 0 282 282(P) : P

4.44 M 95 O. G ,

26


44/100

44

(20 ) 2 . L, ,

32 . G

1.4.2010 26 .

24 : / C

A 1.4.2010 ()(B G)

( 000 )G R R

R

A I (A G) : 53,970 149,376 203,346

R 5,701 4,064 9,765

B 13824 21154 34978

C 21418 50961 72379

F 9346 29061 38407

L 52 3713 3765

O 921 183 1104

2707 40062 42769

N 0 179 179

(P) : P

4.45 I 3.76 201112 2.38 . B ,

. F

. ,

( )

, 6.9

202526 11,8 203233

7 GDP .

25: D F C O

P 202526 203233

OAL FERRO 2165.24 5000

CHROME

IN '000 K.


45/100

45

C O 5.41 12.5

R

K I C:E C

4.46 A , I

.

1.8

3035 . E 0.23

201112 0.17 . O

201112, 48

52 . E

C (97 ) J (2 ). I 201112, 10

I SA .

4.47

,

. ,

/

.

E

4.48 I . GSI/ MECL

.

M M

4.49 S O

, .

1:20. M

. R

D , ,

.

N

4.50 N


46/100

46

.

. D

. I ,

.

4.51 S

O , S

. E

. M R D

S .

4.52 B,

,

.

F A

4.53 F , ,

. A ,

. F

,

. H, ,

, I

. A

,

. S .

. F

. I

,

. C

,

, , .

.

. S,

.

. G

.

.

. S


47/100

47

,

I .

.

.

4.54 R

. A

,

.

4.55 F .

.

30 70

. C

.

. R D .

. R D

. H, ,

, R

D . .

.

.

. , C . C

.

.

N G

4.56 N G B S I

(DRI) E S (H), JS I (D) M L (S/ A)

. 2012 N G (NG)


48/100

48

DRI 7.64 MMSCMD

3.45 MMSCMD. 21 .

26 : D N G G I

S N N P N G

R

GLC G

S

RLNG

S

RIL KG D6

S

S

S

1 E S 5.50 0.70 1.60 0 2.30 3.20

2 JS I 1.34 0.75 0 0.75 0.59

3

M

0.80 0.40 0 0.40 0.40

7.64 1.85 1.60 0 3.45 4.19

4.57 M P N G 4.19 RIL

KG D6 . H, MPNG

30.3.2011 KG D6 (F, LPG,

D) , , ,

,

. B 30.3.2011 MPNG, KG D6 G

LG D6

. 4.19 . I

KG D6 , RLNG, , ,

.

.

4.58 F,

. H,

KG D6 ,

.

K I N G:

4.59 S . A

C,

. . I

. N , ,

. I KG D6 ,

RLNG, .

/

. I


49/100

49

,

.

4.60

.

, .

,

.

ALENAE ENEG OION

I

4.61 S , ,

(CH4) . CBM

, 3,000

. , .

G G

4.62 SA,

, , .

.

F, , 15

20 .

4.63 F

, ,

, . C F, B,

N, L C R, . O 23

,

, , ,

.

4.64 C . I P,

2 5 SA.

. I ,

. E

, ,


50/100

50

.

.

4.65 A A , C

. C

.. S $ 15 /, S , . C 200

2015 5 , 10

2 . A S E A , C

1.23 Q C , 2

650 .

G E I

4.66 I 63 ,

. .

4.67 G / I

.

4.68 F :

o M MPNG DOS, SA D 06, 2010

, , , .

o A (MO) DGH, ONGC, OIL GAIL G G,

/ I .

o S /

o F /

/ I

4.69 :

) I : DGH/MO / (6)

(201112)

o C

o KG

o C O

o A

o IG


51/100

51

o D

) I

G G (G G),

6 . DGH MO,CMPDI. I .

) R

/

DGH. I , SGG (S G G)

.

) F

C

I . ,

, . I M

MPNG DOS, SA,

S

.

4.70 G I I I A F

. S I ,

, , .

. I , ,

CO2.

. S , ., ) / .

, CO2

H2 . ) /

. I , ,

,

.

. L

. S CO2

DREAF

/ BFBOF . CO2

, G. I

/ .

,

. .

. , .

A , DRI .


52/100

52

DR EAF

, DRI .

DRI

.

C G

4.71 I , .. > 40 %,

,

. DRI

EAF. A,

/

, CO2.

. I , (CG)

.

. , CG,

CBM, CMM

.

.

.


53/100

53

Chapter-4Infrastructure for Steel Industry

L C C I I

5.1 A 2010,

.., O (25 ), C (13 ),

J (14 ), K (9 ) A P.

.

,

.

DRI/ ,

. A ,

, . I

, S

.

, , .

CEN A II FE IION FO INFACE

5.2 R 201213 ,

M L.

27

I R (%) R (%)

M F M

F

M 90 70 10 30

25 25 75 75

I 60 40

5.3 I , ,

M.


54/100

54

28S F D (%) R R S P

2013 : 400 M

66 28 6

2025 : 1200 M

66 25 9

5.4 A , 800

300 264 M 2013 .

29R

(M )

S

(M )

2013 1052 2642025 3490 800

5.5 S , ,

300 .

5.6 S

:

30O

D 874 K L 101 K

C O E C 90 K

J D 316 K L 21 K N 40 K C J E 50 K

C

93 K D 445 K

K

657 K D 435 K

G C 102K D 40K

M

D 75 K

5.7 . ,

. S


55/100

55

, ,

I R.

5.8

. S

PPP/FDI :

E I O F C R C DFC

C M (40 K) E DFC I O C, J B.

D (93 K) I C.

O (M, M M) E C DFC I O A .

5.9 I I R 4 DFC PPP/FDI

.

FDI/PPP

E (KM) (2000 K) N (D C) (2137 K) E C (K) (1100 K) (CG) (890 K)

5.10 A I R (..,

, ,

.), I

, ,

) S I

, , ,

( 25 )

) C ,

;

) M , E S S

.

5.11 I, ,

. I


56/100

56

R

.

.

5.12 I 65 80

. N H (NH) 2

40 . , I

.

5.13 G I N

H D P (NHDP), NHAI,

I.

H, I, I

. J

0.33 K/ S.K C 0.56 K/ S.K

1.48 K/ S.K. A J C

. K ,

.

5.14 B

I

.

R R K C (NH215) S

A C (NH42) S

C (NH200) S

D P NH5

G P NH5

NH6 S 4 C

B 4

NH75 S 2 4 NH200 S 2 4

5.15

/

I


57/100

57

.

. L,

, ,

.

5.16 S

. A

N H,

. I

, :

5.17 PPP

,

.

5.18 P I

. B, O,

A P N K, K, G, M

G /.

5.19 K P , P P , D P C L, P

, G P L, K P, E P, C P, O

C P I. A . S, C, A

O /. O

, K P, P P P

. B .

5.20 K P , M P , J N P , M P ,

N M P , C P , P D, M, H, P, J

I. O

, K P, M P, J N P, M P, N M P

C P . B .

5.21 ,

. H

.


58/100

58

5.22

, 2025.

31

I(2025) S S P S (M

)

I 21 21C 104 104I C 51 240 291 10 10L D 20 20G 446

5.23 P 2020

.

32

S A (MILLION ONNESPA)

C 2014 2020 B

67 254

O 104 352A 142 463 N 155 333 E

R468 1402

G 341 1058M 150 456G 57 88K 65 166K 50.2 108

R663 1876

G I 1131 3278

(S: M A 20102020, M S /P D )

5.24 1131 277 . 2020

3278 793 . A

. , ,

/

.


59/100

59

5.25 A 85 , 20 30

10

202526,

60 , 6.5 .

5.26 A ,

I .

.., ,

PPP ,

.

.

5.27 M M S

.

5.28 A

.

, .

A

.

5.29

.

A. B

.

.

B.

, .

C. .

D.

.

E. IBM

.


60/100

60

F. S , ,

( ) .

G. E , .

H. A

.

5.30 // .

33. N. E / O / I

(M /)1 E 82 O 373 55

100

5.31 A .., .

,

. H,

,

.

.

I , ,

5.32 I B C S ,

(.., , )

325 201112 815 202526. R

7075

. C

.

C

5.33 G , .

,

. C

.

.


61/100

61

5.34 I B C ,

16,000 M 202526 8200M 201617 G

12

F P. O, J, C

K . H,

. F ,

, . H,

. A

,

. , ,

.

5.35 C 650

. M 202526 290 C M .

..,

0.04 200607 215 M C. M. 62900 M C. M.

5 .

5.36 O, J C

(.., ) 10

. D ,

. M,

.

5.37

, :

) I .., , ,

,

.)

.

) F

I

.


62/100

62

L

5.38 O I

L .

5.39 . .

.

. ,

. ,

. A, ,

.

.

.

5.40 I

. I

,

. I

.

5.41 . : , ,

, ,

.

.

5.42 , ..

, . .

.

, ,

. ,

,

.


63/100

63

5.43 S, , /

/

. E //

.

5.44 SP

,

.

I A/ I L

5.45 C

. C,

.

, ,

. M,

.

C ,

.

5.46

I ,

.

.

ELAED IE AND GGEION

5.47 LARR A, 2013

:

. G. A

. P /

.

. L S5 / CN A J

.. L N .

. G S

( 7080 %

51 % PAF).

. H A

(L . 2 4 ). A

.


64/100

64

5.48

. D /

.

5.49

/ . P

. A / M

.

5.50 M MMDR A / B / .

.

A

.

.

.

.

O ,

. EMP .

I / .

.


65/100

65

C 5

I H D , , D, O C I I

H D

6.1 S . I

.

,

. C,

. S

.

6.2

,

. I ,

.

.

6.3 ,

. I

. I , , ,

.

6.4

, M 300

, 315,000

12,62,000 .

6.5 G ,

.

6.6 F ,


66/100

66

, , ,

,

.

D

6.7 F ,

. ,

/ . ,

,

. ,

,

,

. S

(HRD)

.

6.8 ,

.

: , .

. S

.

.

: E , /

.

: I .

: P .

:I


67/100

67

. F ,

.

: I

.

,

. /

, , , .

.

,

,

/

. N , ,

.

,

, .

A

,

300 MILLION ONNES .

I N A F

6.9 F M;

M ME 5 7 .

A H L I

6.10 C F M: G

I F .


68/100

68

,

.

.

6.11 . M

.

E L A I I

6.12 I , F

M .

P () () C I

.

I N I F

6.13 S

,

. HR

.

.

6.14 S /

B , M PD . E

.

6.15 H

, ,

,

.. A , ,

, , ..

. A

M S.

6.16

. A

, .


69/100

69

6.17 I S I

. S .

H,

.

6.18 BOF 43

34 22

.

DRI .

, . G

.

6.19 G ,

.

I

, LNG,

. ,

BOF 70%

2025. DRI

,

. H,

;

() A

.

() C

(1000 ), FAS ME I3 .

() C / F,

H S / HISARNA.

() D

BOF .()I ,

.

.

.


70/100

70

() D

.

6.20 C

, , , .. , , ,

. A

, ,

I .

, .

.

6.21 I , 3040 , , ,

. I

.

. A, ,

.

C.

.

6.22 I .

, , .

.

.

6.23 S A,

J I S F , .

6.24 1 N M E E E (NMEEE)

I GDP 2025 2020 2005 .

NMEEE ,

,


71/100


72/100

72

, 1.5 2

R&D.

6.27 I , ,

. I

. B,

.

HEC

. I

,

I.

6.28 S

. G

IPR

. G

Environmental Issues

6.29 E GHG

. G , DRIE

F ,

.

6.30 C I 50% &

. ,

CO2

:) BF P: 2.5 /M3/D (M) BF

3.0 /M3/D (M) BF

) BF F R: 500 / (M) (O BF)480 / ( M) (N BF)

) BF CDI : 100 / (M) (O BF)150 / (M) (N BF)

) S E C: 5 G / (M)) S CO2 : 2 /(M) ( )

1.8/ (M) (N)


73/100

73

6.31 , (SO)

(NO) I 1.0

0.5 . S

0.5 / . S,

0 .

6.32 R I

.

2 3/ 3 3/ .

6.33 (, ) I

1.5 , I

.

6.34 BF

B F. H, / ( 30%),

BF SMS .

/ , ..

I /

.

6.35 ,

GHG ,

, SR ,

,

, ,

.

6.36 I I S

, ,

, .,

A I .

6.37 D

, A ,


74/100

74

,

A2. ,

,

, , .., .

, ,

.

34 : D' C J 2013

( A 10)

N C

A

BS 7.03

E 6.97

JFE 6.98

J (JSPL) 6.97

JS S 7.23

N S 7.15

N 7.09

POSCO 7.76

SAIL 6.99

S 7.32

6.23

S : SD C R F., 2013

6.38 ,

.

6.39

, .

, ,

C.

6.40

.


75/100

75

, .. ,

,

.

6.41 .

,

. ,

. ,

,

.

6.42

. . A ,

.

,

.

6.43

. F,

,

, . . ,

.

, .

6.44 , 2025 , ,

,

.

.

. A, ,

.

C.

.

( )

A, C, , C, A, , ..


76/100

76

6.45 A

, C. C A

. C

.

6.46 A

, .

,

.

6.47

.

.

6.48

,

. G

,

. E .

,

.

6.49

.

.

.

D

6.50 G ,

,

,

,

.


77/100

77

6.51 I , ,

.

.

6.52 I ,

,

, .

6.53 , 180 .

6.54

G 300 .

6.55

.

. ,

A DC . ,

. , ,

B .

6.56 ,

, 26 . ,

.

.

. C

,

.

6.57

,

.

.


78/100

78

C

7.1

,

,

. I E C 2050. M

.

7.2

.

. S 8 GDP

.

,

300 2030

2033. I ,

. 300

, ,

, ..

. I

I

,

. ,

, ,

. S,

.

,

.

7.3 I ,

,

, , ..

N B .

7.4

,

. ,

.


79/100

79

A1

A P C S M

C 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008CAGR 2008

2012

1 C 716.5 694.8 638.7 577.1 512.3 8.75

2 J 107.2 107.6 109.6 87.5 118.7 2.52

3 S 88.6 86.4 80.5 58.2 91.4 0.77

4 I 76.7 73.6 69 63.5 57.8 7.33

5 R 70.6 68.9 66.9 60 68.5 0.76

6 S K 69.3 68.5 58.9 48.6 53.6 6.63

7 G 42.7 44.3 43.8 32.7 45.8 1.74

8 35.9 34.1 29.1 25.3 26.8 7.58

9 B 34.7 35.2 32.9 26.5 33.7 0.73

10 32.9 35.3 33.4 29.9 37.3 3.09 1547.8 1529.2 1431.7 1235.1 1341.2 3.65

S: SA

Annexure-2

L C (D)

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 39.3 52.7 55.5 51.4 58.2

P S. K 50.1 48.6 34.1 42.5 43.1

ISCO ( S) I 87.3 86.1 73.5 88.2 86.5

SAIL I 148.4 143.4 90.8 120.7 123.9

S R 105.0 95.0 83.1 92.0 119.7

B S C 8.9 10.1 9.3 8.7 8.6

S : SD C R F.,

2013


80/100

80

M O C (D)

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 486.6 776.0 635.4 715.6 843.3

P S. K 499.1 584.5 531.9 602.9 762.4

ISCO ( S) I 463.8 481.0 427.0 468.4 549.3

SAIL I 469.1 511.7 449.1 515.5 578.5

S R 538.7 509.5 388.4 502.9 659.4

B S C 567.2 758.4 561.6 711.8 870.5

S : SD C R F.,

2013

I C (D)

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 4.2 6.3 7.2 6.7 7.7

P S. K 3.8 4.2 8.0 8.8 11.0

ISCO ( S) I 44.3 46.5 50.0 57.6 58.8

SAIL I 4.9 4.7 6.8 8.6 11.6

S R 6.3 26.0 34.3 25.6 26.8

B S C 4.6 10.6 10.3 3.2 0.8

S : SD C R F.,

2013

O ()

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 103.0 89.0 85.6 101.0 94.0

P S. K 96.2 97.3 86.7 95.1 99.4

ISCO ( S) I 77.1 86.9 93.8 97.9 73.5

SAIL I 84.3 81.2 81.5 83.0 80.0

S R 90.5 84.7 71.0 79.3 93.3

B S C 99.1 92.5 89.0 94.8 92.5

S : SD C R F.,2013


81/100

81

G M ( E CM C) (M D)

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 4390.9 3776.7 1116.5 2777.8 2236.9

P S. K 6836.7 6826.0 4407.4 6418.7 5278.6

ISCO ( S) I 2042.6 1985.9 1886.9 2521.0 2407.4SAIL I 2625.7 1704.6 1913.8 1504.3 1121.3

S R 3618.2 4051.4 1474.8 3107.0 3500.7

B S C 3505.6 2955.7 2686.7 3719.8 2381.0

S : SD C R F.,

2013

D ' E ()

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 84.9 115.5 119.2 102.4 131.8

P S. K 10.9 17.2 18.4 23.0 26.2

ISCO ( S) I 20.5 26.3 22.9 11.7 47.7

SAIL I 19.7 22.1 44.0 51.4 40.4

S R 32.6 86.5 86.3 83.6 84.6

B S C 26.9 22.6 8.9 11.5 21.5

S : SD C R F.,

2013

I E D ()

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011N S J 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4

P S. K 3.9 3 5.1 3.9 4.3

ISCO ( S) I 15.8 14.8 17.8 30.7 7.4

SAIL I 5.5 4.1 2.7 2.5 4.2

S R 3.4 6.4 8.2 7.6 7.1

B S C 3.6 8.9 20.7 4.7 0.7

S : SD C R F.,

2013

A A ()

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 32.0 27.9 24.4 23.2 23.1

P S. K 14.3 11.3 11.0 13.8 9.7

ISCO ( S) I 11.1 9.4 10.0 10.5 9.6

SAIL I 18.0 14.5 16.4 18.1 15.7


82/100

82

S R 5.4 5.8 6.5 5.8 5.8

B S C 10.0 10.1 9.4 11.8 13.7

S : SD C R F.,

2013

E ( )

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 427.2 388.3 209.1 355.5 326.2

P S. K 493.5 511.4 339.3 487.1 419.2

ISCO ( S) I 70.5 42.2 74.3 94.5 91.3

SAIL I 40.5 34.6 31.3 32.2 30.0

S R 53.1 65.2 30.6 53.2 77.4

B S C 142.1 123.7 108.9 146.0 97.8

S : SD C R F.,

2013

L C (D I) (2000=100)()

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 38.3 49.9 55.3 50.9 56.7

P S. K 44.6 39.8 28.0 33.6 32.1

ISCO ( S) I 62 56.5 46.5 51 45.9

SAIL I 105.5 94.1 57.4 69.8 65.7

S R 35.9 26.8 25.3 24.9 27.5

B S C 7.8 8.4 7.8 7.1 6.6S : SD C R F.,

2013

A C (D)

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 870.2 940.3 1082.2 1163.9 1239.5

P S. K 1015.9 986.9 920.5 1175.8 1267.0

ISCO ( S) I 1990.1 2178.6 2138.9 2724.5 2007.3

SAIL I 607.9 702.7 863.1 1000.2 953.8S R 848.9 972.0 815.7 884.7 1070.2

B S C 804.1 938.8 907.8 914.50 966.9

S : SD C R F.,

2013


83/100

83

A (D)

N C 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

N S J 844.6 1056.2 1264.7 1152.0 1319.0

P S. K 1056.3 1014.1 1061.4 1236.2 1274.6

ISCO ( S) I 2579.8 2508.1 2281.0 2782.1 2730.8SAIL I 721.5 865.9 1059.4 1204.4 1192.2

S R 938.1 1148.1 1149.4 1116.2 1147.7

B S C 811.6 1015.0 1019.8 964.5 1045.3

Source : WSD- Core Report V Feb.,

2013


84/100

84

Appendix: Mecons NoteImport Requirement of Raw Materials

Coking coal: 80% of requirement for all the states except Jharkhand is expected to be met through import.In Jharkhand, only 35 % import has been envisaged considering availability of indigenous coking coal fromBCCL and CCL and proposed new washeries.

Iron ore:5% of requirement for all the states will be met through import as a number of global acquisitionsare in the process.

Non-coking coal (PCI): 100% of requirement for all the states will be met through import due to non-availability of low ash coal in the country. However, Syngas /CBM/CMM/Shale gas/SNG from UCG, likely tobe available from indigenous resources of the country through technology interventions/development, canpartly/fully replace the PCI as injectant into the blast furnaces.

Non-coking coal (DRI): 20% of requirement for all the states will be met through import mainly for theplants located near port.

Non-coking coal (CPP):30% of requirement for all the states will be met through import.

Low Silica Limestone:As per the requirement of the steel industry.

CURRENT STATUS VIS--VIS FUTURE VISION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

Railway Sector

Railway share in freight handling in steel sector in 2012-13 is as follows:

Items

Rail (%) Road (%)

Raw Material Finished SteelRaw

MaterialFinished

Steel

Mega projects 90 70 10 30

Small and medium

projects

25 25 75 75

Iron ore export 60 - 40 -

In steel sector, freight distribution of various modes of transportation is as follows:

Steel Freight Distribution (%) Rail Road Slurry Pipeline

2013 : 400 Million tonnes freight turnover 66 28 6


85/100

85

2025 : 1200 Million tonnes freight turnover 66 25 9

As such, growth in rail traffic will be about 800 Million tonnes to achieve production level of 300 Milliontonnes in the year 2025 as compared to 264 Million tonnes in the year 2013 as shown in table below

Railwaysfreight year

Total freight handling capacity(Million tonnes)

Steel sector related freight(Million tonnes)

2013 1052 264

2025 3490 800

Since growth will be almost 3 times of the current rail traffic of steel plants, rail infrastructure needsaugmentation along with addition of new lines connecting ports, mines and steel plants to cope up with thesteel production level of 300Million tonnes.

State-wise identified routes where existing rail network are to be strengthened or new routes are to be takenup are highlighted below:

Odisha

Doubling 874 Km Third Line 101 Km Connectivity of future iron ore mines in Odisha to East Coast Railway - 90 Km

Jharkhand

Doubling 316 Km Third Line 21 Km New line 40 Km Connectivity of future iron ore mines in Jharkhand to South Eastern Railway - 50 Km

Chhattisgarh

Single line - 93 Km Doubling - 445 Km

Karnataka

Single line - 657 Km Doubling - 435 Km

Gujarat

Conversion of meter gauge to broad gauge -102Km

Doubling - 40Km

Maharashtra

Doubling -75 Km

The list of few projects mentioned above is not exhaustive. There will be many more mines, ports areawhere rail connectivity is to be further studied. Strengthening requirement of existing rail network,


86/100

86

requirement of increasing section capacity, planning of new freight corridors etc need discussion with IndianRailways under facilitation/ guidance from MoS.

The necessity of creating exclusive iron ore freight corridors may be examined keeping in view the largequantum of iron ore traffic from mines located across the country. Some of the identified routes which maybe planned in PPP/FDI are suggested below:

Exclusive Iron Ore Freight Corridor Requirement and Connectivity to DFC

Chiria to Manoharpur (~40 Km) and connectivity to the proposed East-West DFC forfeeding Iron Ore to proposed plants at Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and West Bengal.

Dalli Rajhara to Rowghat (~93 Km) single line with future provision of doubling forfeeding Iron ore to existing and proposed plants at Chhattisgarh.

Rail connectivity from new mines in Odisha (Maliparbat, Makarnacha andMalangtoli) toproposed East Coast DFC for feeding Iron ore to proposed plants at Odisha and AndhraPradesh.

In addition to the above the proposals of Indian Railway for creation of 4 new DFCs may also examinedunder PPP/FDI keeping in view the iron ore export in future and despatches of finished steel across thecountry.

FDI/PPP

East West (Kolkata-Mumbai) (~2000 Km) North South (Delhi Chennai) (~2137 Km) East Coast (KharagpurVijaywada) (~1100 Km) Southern (Chennai-Goa) (~890 Km)

Road Sector

Indias road networkcarries almost 65 per cent of freight and 80 per cent of passenger traffic.National Highways (NH) constitute for almost 2 per cent of the network but carry about 40 per centof the total road traffic.Thus, India relies heavily on roads to move freight in the most cost-efficientand effective manner.

The Government of India formulated seven-phase programme known as National HighwayDevelopment Project (NHDP), vested with NHAI, for the development of national highways hasresulted in a significant improvement in the quality of road infrastructure in India. However, ascompared to rest of India, the road connectivity in the eastern region of India in terms of quality andlast mile connectivity is still lagging behind. The road density of Jharkhand is 0.33 Km/ Sq.Km andChhattisgarh is 0.56 Km/ Sq.Km which is far less than the national average of 1.48 Km/ Sq.Km.As such the road infrastructure in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh needs augmentation. Keeping inview the proposed industrial development, the roads in the eastern sector needs focus in the formof maintenance andupgradation to four lane carriageway depending on the traffic projections.

Based on the existing and probable steel plant locations the following important routes have beenidentified which are all located in the eastern region of India and are to be taken up on priority.


87/100

87

Rajamunda to Roxy to Keonjhar to Chandikhol (NH-215) Strengthening and Widening tobe implemented

Angul to Cuttack (NH-42) Strengthening and Widening to be implemented Talcher to Chandikhol (NH-200) Strengthening and Widening to be implemented Dhamra Port to NH-5 new road to be developed Gopalpur Port to NH-5 - new road to be developed NH-6 Stretches which have not been widened to 4 lane form Chhattisgarh border to

West Bengal border to be 4 laned NH-75 Stretches of 2 lane to be widened to 4 lane NH-200 - Stretches of 2 lane to be widened to 4 lane

Port Sector

Port sector especially in eastern region of India needs to be developed at a rapid pace tosynchronize with the growth rate of steel andother industrial sectors. West Bengal, Odisha, AndhraPradesh andTamil Nadu in the east coast and Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat

on the west coast are having ports of various capacities installed/planned.

Kolkata Port Trust, Paradip Port Trust, Dhamra Port Company Limited, Visakhapatnam Port Trust,Gangavaram Port Limited, Krishnapatnam Port, Ennore Port, Chennai Port, V O ChidambaranarPort Trust are the operational ports on the eastern coast of India. Apart from these ports there areother upcoming ports viz. Subarnarekha, Chudamani, Astaranga in the state of Odisha which are invarious stages of planning/development. Out of above listed ten ports in the eastern sector,Kolkata Port, Paradip Port and Visakhapatnam Port come under the category of major ports.Balance seven ports are categorized as non-major ports.

Kandla Port Trust, Mumbai Port Trust, Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Mormugao Port Trust, NewMangalore Port Trust, Cochin Port Trust, Ports at Dahej, Mundra, Hazira, Pipavav, Jaigarh are theoperational ports on the western coast of India. Out of above listed ports in the western sector,Kandla Port, Mumbai Port, Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Mormugao Port, New Mangalore Port andCochin Port come under the category of major ports. Balance ports are categorized as non-majorports.

With the opening up of economy and formulation of new policy guidelines, there has beensignificant and notable contribution of non-major ports in recent years. However there is still a lotof untapped potential and efforts have to be made by all concerned agencies to ensure that theports are ready with the planned capacity in time.

The table below shows the requirement of port handling to meet the increased capacity of steel plants,

power plants and other industrial units by 2025.

Inputs(2025)

Steel Sector Power Sector Total(Million


88/100

88

tonnes)

Iron ore 21 21

Coking coal 104 104

Imported Coal 51 240 291

Steel scrap 10 10

Limestone and Dolomite 20 20

Grand Total 446

Port wise current capacity and planned capacity for the year 2020 for all the major and non majorports is given below.

State Annual Total capacity (MILLION TONNESPA)Current - 2014 Planned - 2020

West Bengal67 254

Odisha 104 352

Andhra Pradesh 142 463

Tamil Nadu 155 333

Total Eastern Region 468 1402Gujarat 341 1058

Maharastra 150 456

Goa 57 88

Karnataka 65 166

Kerala 50.2 108

Total Western Region 663 1876Grand Total India 1131 3278

(Source: Maritime Agenda 2010-2020, Ministry of Shipping and Web site/Port Departments of the respective ports)

The present installed port capacity is 1131 MILLION TONNESPA of which about 277 MILLIONTONNESPA is bulk cargo. The estimated port capacity (Year 2020) is 3278 MILLION TONNESPAof which about793 MILLION TONNESPA will be bulk cargo. As such there will be adequate marginin capacity of ports to take care of increased bulk material requirement in future. The ports howeverhave to ensure that the estimated capacity augmentation/project executions are implemented asper schedule to match with the increase in traffic.

Slurry Transportation

At present the iron ore and coal to iron making units of the country are being transported throughrailways and roads from their respective linked sources and port. The proposed projected growth ofsteel industry would impart tremendous pressure on railways with respect to inward and outwardtraffic, loading and evacuation of raw materials and finished products. As such slurry transportationwill play a major role for transportation of raw materials mainly iron ore fines.


89/100

89

The slurry transportation of iron ore concentrate through pipe line will have following broadadvantages.

I. Bulk and distant transportation of iron ore concentrate in slurry form is environment

friendly. These eliminate the dependency on the railways and reduce the cost ontransportation of ore.J. The long distance transportation of these ultra fine concentrate will require special wagons,

which can be avoided by slurry transportation.K. The environmental degradation due to vehicular movement in congested road network of

mining areas can also be eliminated through slurry transportation.L. The upgradation and utilization of the unused low grade iron ore available at different mine

sites across the country will enhance the resource base and support mineral conservation.M. This will also fulfill the statutory requirements of IBM for utililsation of low grade iron ore by

way of beneficiation.N. Slurry transportation has minimum social impact, shorter route, easier river crossings

(without bridging) and minimum en-route losses.O. Easier access for construction, operation and maintenance.P. Availability of indigenous equipment for major part of the project except few critical items

such as pump and engineering capability.

The existing/on-going/possible slurry pipeline routes are given in the table below.

Sl. No. Existing / On-going / Possible pipelineroutes

Iron ore concentrate(Million tonnes/yr)

1 Existing project 82 On-going projects 373 Possible Pipe line projects 55

Total 100

1. RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

The production of steel in an integrated steel plant involves consumption of various raw materials.The major raw materials required for steel plants are: Iron ore Coal Limestone and dolomite, Ferro- alloys

Accordingly the estimated annual raw materials requirement by 2025-26 to cater the steel industryfor production of 300 Million tonnes steel in the country is presented below.

Raw Material Requirement by 2025-26

Raw Materials (Million tonnes/yr)

IronOre

Limestoneand

CokingCoal

Non-Coking

Non-Coking

Ferro alloyManganese Chromite Quartzite


90/100

90

Dolomite Coal CPP CoalPCI/DRI

490 95 150 80 168 13.5 5.7 2

Additional tentative raw material requirement for foundry grade pig iron production is presented

below.

Raw materials

Gross Quantity (Million tonnes/yr)

14.5 Milliontonnes/yr Pig

Iron Stage

21.5 Milliontonnes/yr Pig

Iron Stage

Iron ore lump 26 39

Coking coal 19 29

Limestone (BF Grade) 2.9 4.3

Dolomite (BF Grade) 2.3 3.4

Quartzite 0.8 1.2

Manganese Ore 0.5 0.7

Import Requirement of Raw Materials

Coking coal: 80% of requirement for all the states except Jharkhand will be met through import. InJharkhand, only 35 % import has been envisaged considering availability of indigenous coking coalfrom BCCL and CCL and proposed new washeries.

Iron ore: 5% of requirement for all the states will be met through import as a no. of globalacquisition is underway.

Non-coking coal (PCI): 100% of requirement for all the states will be met through import due tonon-availability of low ash coal in the country. However, Syngas /CBM/CMM/Shale gas/SNG fromUCG, likely to be available from indigenous resources of the country through technologyinterventions/development, can partly/fully replace the PCI as injectant into the blast furnaces.

Non-coking coal (DRI): 20% of requirement for all the states will be met through import mainly forthe plants located near port.

Non-coking coal (CPP):30% of requirement for all the states will be met through import.

Low Silica Limestone:As per the requirement of the steel industry.

Major Raw Material Availability in the Country

Raw Material Reserve(Million

RemainingResource

TotalResource


91/100

91

tonnes) (Milliontonnes)

(Milliontonnes)

Hematite 8093 9788 17,881

Magnetite 22 10,623 10,644

Coal 1,18,145 1,75,352 2,93,497

Limestone 14,926 1,70,008 1,84,935

Dolomite 738 6992 7730

Chromite 54 149 203

Karnataka 877 1282 2159(Source: Indian Mineral Yearbook 2012)

2. ALTERNATE ENERGY OPTIONS

Shale gas exploration in Indian context and its use in iron making

Shale gas, an unconventional source of hydro-carbon, is a natural gas composed primarily ofmethane (CH4) just like from any other source. It only receives the name shale gas because itoriginates out of rocks that are mostly shale rather than coming out of sandstone as is the casewith most natural gas.

Unlike other unconventional gas such as CBM which occurs closer to the surface, shale rock issometimes found 3,000 metres below the surface. Therefore, special drilling techniques areapplied to extract the gas.Global development in Shale Gas

The success of shale gas discovery in USA, has made all such places in the world where there is asedimentary basin and contains coal, oil or gas, as a potential target. The governing factors for itsdevelopment are environmentally benign effects and huge economic benefits. Further because ofthe huge reserves widely dispersed all over the world, it will provide much needed energy securityas traditional oil and gas sources are not going to last longer than 15-20 years.

Further shale gas development in other countries are also affected by the level of technologies,lack of infrastructure and regulatory framework, political decision whether to go for drilling or not,through hydraulic fracturing of reservoir rock. Countries like France, Bulgaria, Netherland,Luxembourg and the Czech Republic, have not allowed the fracking. Out of 23 other nations thatcontain sedimentary basins and are believed to hold gas, most of them have permitted drilling andfracking, however, there have been instances wherein some countries, certain areas do not allowdue to heavy population.

Costs are also playing a major role in planning. In Poland, initial drilling projects have proven to be2 to 5 times expensive than similar projects in USA. This is primarily due to lack of infrastructureand adequate drilling rigs. It is expected that as the infrastructure develops, the cost will comedown to respectable levels. Effect of the developing shale gas industry will not only be purelyeconomic, but also geo-political as its large scale availability, will affect transportation and pricing.The entire energy value chain will require re-examination and re-assessment.


92/100

92

Amongst the Asian countries, Chinas early success with shale gas has given them leverage intheir negotiations with companies and governments hoping to sell them energy. China is taking abig lead by spending heavily i.e. ~ US $ 15 billion /year, almost equal to US spending, to exploreand develop tight formations containing oil and gas. China is expected to produce 200 billion cubicfeet in 2015 and in the next 5 years, this figure is supposed to see a 10-fold increase to 2 trillion

cubic feet per year. As per US Energy Agencys current estimates, China has 1.23 QuadrillionCubic feet of shale gas available, enough to sustain 2 trillion cubic feet consumption rate for 650years.

Scenario of Shale Gas Exploration in India

Indias current estimate of shale gas reserves is in the range of 63 trillion cubic feet, one and halftimes of natural gas reserves. This augurs good for the countrys future energy needs.

Work initiated/carried out

The Government has initiated steps for development of shale oil/gas in Indian onland sedimentarybasins.

Following actions have been taken up :o MoU has been signed between MoPNG and DOS, USA on December 06, 2010 for co-

operation in resource assessment, regulatory framework, training, etc.o A multi-organisational team (MOT) has been constituted among DGH, ONGC, OIL and GAIL

for collection of required G andG, geochemical and petro-physical data for assessment ofshale oil/gas prospects in Indian onland sedimentary basin.

o Studies have been initiated to identify prospective basin/area for offero Formulation of policy for shale oil/gas development with regard to legislative changes

Strategies for development of shale oil/gas in India

The following strategies have been made with respect to above:e) Identification of basins : DGH/MOT has made a critical study towards shale oil/gas prospects

and the following six (6) onland sedimentary basins have been shortlisted for study (2011-12)o Cambayo Krishna-Godavari onlando CauveriOnlando Assamo Indo-Gangetico Damodar Valley

f) Identification of areas within basinsThe detailed analysis of G andG (Geological and Geo-physical), geochemical and petro-physical data of source rocks is in progress to identify the prospective areas within the 6identified basins. This will be done by DGH in conjunction with MOT, CMPDI. Independentthird party analysis would also be carried out.

g) Resource assessment


93/100

93

The task of making resource assessment of shale oil/gas for basins would be completed byDGH. In this exercise, USGG (US Government Grants) would provide technical support.

h) Formulation of shale gas policyCurrently policies applicable in other countries are being examined in the context of Indianconditions. There are issues related to environment, which needs to be addressed. In line with

MoU signed between MoPNG and DOS, USA, discussions have been initiated with differentUS agencies in the area of regulatory and fiscal regimes related to shale gas.

Shale Gas and its impact on Indian Iron and Steel Industry A Futuristic Scenario

vi. Shale gas will have far reaching impact on the Indian industry like power, fertilizer,refineries, petro-chemicals and steel industry.

vii. In steel sector, particularly in iron making, natural gas along with shale gas can promotethe green technologies and lower the CO2emission.

viii. Shale gas application can be found specifically in two areas, viz., a) as injectant through

tuyeres in place of/alongwith pulverised coal in blast furnace. This will reduce the cokerate, increase furnace productivity and lower CO2emissions due to presence of H2 in thegas. b) as fuel/reductant for gas based direct reduction for production of sponge iron. Inboth the cases, besides thermal energy, the chemical energy of the gas is also effectivelyutilised, thereby maximising benefits over such application areas where gas is used purelyas fuel.

ix. Large shale gas discovery will invariably impact the natural gas pricing and affordability inthe country. Substantial reduction in CO2 emissions can be foreseen if more of iron isproduced through DR-EAF route using the natural gas/shale gas instead of following theBF-BOF route. Thus to promote green iron making technology and to meet countryscommitment in bringing down CO2 levels, it is important that Govt. of India adopts afavourable allocation policy for the natural/shale gas to iron and steel sector in the comingfuture. This will also reduce substantially the pollution load of the plant as sinter plant, cokeovens etc. are getting eliminated.

x. Undoubtedly, the shale gas revolution is expected to spread around the planet. And withthis expansion, DRI will become much more common than it is today. The majority of DRmodules would be built as iron making plants to supply EAFs with sponge iron, just likemost DRI modules today. They will produce most of their iron product as hot DRI for directcharging to the steelmaking furnaces so that maximum advantage of energy conservationcan be taken.

Coal Gasification

Indias vast non-coking coal reserves and that too, of low rank i.e. high ash > 40 %, can beeffectively utilised in environmentally friendly manner, through gasification of coal and production ofsynthesis gas. This synthesis gas can be used for iron production through DRI route and then steelthrough EAF. Also it can find its use as an effective injectant in blast furnaces through tuyereswith/without pulverised coal injection and achieve the benefits of lower coke rate, high productivityand low CO2 emissions. Use of high ash non-coking coal in Iron and Steel industries aftergasification will also conserve the limited resources of coking coal in the country. In this respect,there is vast potential for underground coal gasification (UCG) which has found to have many


94/100

94

advantages over surface gasification. The idea is that country should make full utilization of abasket of alternate fuels available viz. coal gasification, UCG, CBM, CMM and shale gas resourcesin iron and steel sector for the intended benefits by way of promoting greener technologies usingindigenous resources.

3. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR LONG TERM PERSPECTIVE PLANSetting-up of mega steel projects in a place give phillip to the all round development of the area by way ofinfrastructural development, development of allied/ancillary industries in the surroundings and building up ofstrong social and educational infrastructure in the region. The overall business and industrial climate of theregion is raised by the growth of ancillary units both in manufacturing sector like power generation anddistribution, slag cement, refractories, spares, foundry and forge, safety appliances, furniture, paint, etc.and service sectors such as consultancy, transport, hospitality, education, health and sanitation, retail chainetc. The resulting effect is that it raises the income, employment opportunities and economic growth of thepeople and reduces regional disparities in economic development.

For realizing the national mission of having steel capacity of 300 Million tonnes by 2025-26, an additional

steel production capacity of ~ 176 Million tonnespa in Eastern Sector (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha,Part of West Bengal and part of Andhra Pradesh) and about 26 Million tonnespa in rest of India is requiredto be created. Such huge steel capacity addition shall bring about a cataclysmic change in the region. It isexpected that Large steel complexes along with associated social infrastructure facilities and developmentof surrounding allied/ancillary industries, will bring about huge direct and indirect employment opportunitiesto the tune of approx. 315,000 and 1,262,000 respectively. For ensuring employability of project affectedfamilies and local people, massive human resource development efforts need to be made in a plannedmanner by imparting specialized skills in both technical as well as non-technical areas, keeping in view thesocio-cultural tradition of the population, their age and gender profile.

For the success of huge human resource development programme, it will be necessary to carry outintegrated planning at macro and micro levels in detail through large scale and in depth socio-economicstudy, planning and arrangement of resources, formulation of strategies, creation of necessaryinfrastructure, before going ahead with implementation in a planned and phased manner.

Training in technical disciplines

For employment in steel industry and allied industries, specialised technical skills are required in differentareas. Therefore, the first step would be the skill assessment of local community with the help oftrained/institutional experts. Thereafter, appropriate technical training modules are to be designed on thebasis of skill-sets, trainability parameters and academic background to make optimum use of employmentopportunities.

The local populace need to be imparted with requisite training and skills to make them employable. Themanpower, to be employed for the operation and maintenance of the steel plant, right from the manageriallevel to the semi-skilled category of workforce, needs to be adequately oriented and trained to the needs ofsteel plant technology and its various spheres of activities. Such an orientation is a pre-requisite for theplants human resources development (HRD) so that the personnel are available at the time of constructionand commissioning of the various plant units and for subsequent operation and maintenance.


95/100

95

To get the skilled manpower and also to develop skills amongst the local populace, following facilities arerequired to be setup in and around the upcoming steel plants.

Skill development centres:To impart specialised skills amongst the local populace, state-of-theart skill development centres need to be set up. Training modules are to be developed in various

skills required to operate and maintain the steel plant. Skill development centres comprises of classrooms and workshops to provide technical skill training to local population. This will help ingenerating skilled manpower that can be suitably deployed in the steel plant.

Faculty development centres: Experts from particular technological area, from any integratediron and steel plant/ from consultancy organisation should teach about the latest trends in iron andsteel sector to the fac

long term perspectives

Documents