logistics: contributions to the economy contributions to the economy characterizing the cluster in...
TRANSCRIPT
Logistics: Contributions to the Economy
Characterizing the Cluster in Ohio
• Logistic services added more than $15.5 billion to Ohio’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015. The trucking industry (NAICS code 484, orange) is the largest part of the cluster at $7.01 billion (45 percent), followed by cou-riers and selected support services (492 and 488p, gold-en brown) with an estimated $3.42 billion (about 22 per-cent), and warehousing and storage (493, light gray) at $2.75 billion (18 percent).
• Other industries – rail (482, dark gray), air- and water-freight transportation and pipelines (481p, 483p and 482, blue) collectively provided about $2.4 billion in services, or about 15 percent of the cluster total.*
• Logistics is moving and storing raw materials as well as intermediate and finished goods from the beginning to the end of the supply chain, including coordinating all aspects of the process. As such, logistic services com-prise about 84 percent of the $18.46 billion transpor-tation and warehousing sector (48-49) in Ohio and be-tween 2.5 and 2.6 percent of the state’s total GDP.
Industry Concentration in Ohio
• About 4.1 percent of the national logistic services came from Ohio compared with 3.4 percent of total U.S. GDP originating here, indicating the industry’s concentration here.
• More specific GDP data show the overall industry con-centration here is principally due to the concentration of trucking (484) and warehousing-and-storage (493) ser-vices, each with 4.8 percent of the corresponding na-tional totals. Couriers – which are heavily reliant on trucks – and selected support service combined (492 and 488p) appears slightly concentrated here with about 3.7 percent of the national total. All services support manufacturing production, which also is concentrated here.
Industry Trends in Ohio
• In sum, logistics services in Ohio have expanded from about $12.2 billion in 2009 to about $13.7 billion in 2015. This real growth of 12.1 percent (after adjusting for infla-tion) is a bit less than Ohio’s overall economic growth rate of 13.3 percent.
• Overall industry expansion principally has been driven by increased trucking (484) and warehousing and stor-age (493) services, which have grown 15.2 and 32.6 percent, respectively, in recovery. Rail (482) services also have expanded by 9.8 percent. Collectively, these have more than offset fluctuating-but-net-reduction of services in other industries.
Notes: p – the logistics portion of the industry; * - logistics GDP figures (which exclude the value of passenger trans-portation and related support services) are estimated for some industry sectors based on the portion of such jobs; ~ - approximate figures due to the inclusion of estimates for air-water-pipeline and courier-and-support services.
Estimated Logistics GDP in Ohio, 2015 (in billions of current dollars)
Sources: U.S. Bureaus of the Census & Economic Analysis, 2017
Ohio’s Share of 2015 U.S. Logistics GDP
Industry Share of U.S.
Total GDP 3.4%
Logistics total: 4.1%^ 481p: Air Freight 2.9%^ 482: Rail 3.5% 483p: Water Freight 0.9%^ 484: Trucking 4.8% 486: Pipelines 2.2% 492, 488p: Couriers, Selected Support Activities 3.7%^ 493: Warehousing & Storage 4.8% Note: ^ - estimated. Sources: U.S. Bureaus of the Census & Economic Analysis, 2017
Logistics Industry Output, 2009-2015 (in billions, adjusted for inflation)
Sources: U.S. Bureaus of the Census & Economic Analysis
484: Trucking,
$7.01, 45%
482: Rail, $1.60, 10%
493: Wrhsng & Storage, $2.75, 18%
Logistics: ~$15.58
481p,3p,6: Air-Water-Pipeline, ~$0.80, ~5%
492, 488p: Couriers & Support Services,
~$3.42, ~22%
$5.3 $5.8 $6.3 $6.4 $6.2 $6.4 $6.1
$1.1$1.2
$1.2 $1.3 $1.3 $1.3 $1.3$0.6$0.8
$0.9 $0.5 $0.5 $0.6 $0.6
$2.8$2.5
$2.4 $2.3 $2.3 $2.3 $2.6
$2.4$2.5
$2.6 $2.8 $3.0 $3.0 $3.2
$0.0
$3.0
$6.0
$9.0
$12.0
$15.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
493: Wrhsng & Storage 492,88p: Couriers & Support
481p,3p,6: Air-Water-Pipeline 482: Rail
484: Trucking
~$12.2~$12.8
~$13.4 ~$13.3 ~$13.3~$13.6 ~$13.7
Logistics: Employment
The Distribution of Industry Jobs in Ohio
• 151,100 people worked in Ohio’s logistics cluster, judg-ing by combined figures from the Association of Ameri-can Railroads and the Census Bureau (the latter does not track rail jobs). Trucking (NAICS 484) is the largest goods-moving industry with 62,900 workers, followed by couriers and messengers (492, also heavily reliant on trucks) with close to 24,400. The two combined for 57.8 percent of cluster employment. 7,600 worked in the rail industry (482), while well over 1,900 worked in other modes: air and water freight (481p and 483p) plus pipe-lines (486). An additional 14,400-plus provided organi-zational support (4882, 3, 5, 9) for those moving cargo, freight and packages. Close to 39,800 worked in ware-housing and storage (493).
• The cluster numbers may understate the role of logistics operations in Ohio’s economy because operations are part of the activities of establishments classified in- and outside of the cluster. An alternative measure of the size and importance of logistics is to note the 359,500-plus private sector workers in occupations moving materiel within as well as between establishments. Add 20,400 postal workers, and together they comprised 7.1 percent of Ohio’s employees in May, 2016, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Cluster Employment Trends in Ohio
• Overall logistics employment has grown 18.3 percent from less than 121,300 in 2010 to 143,500 in 2015. (Rail employment is not available for every year.) The net in-crease is principally due to gains in warehousing and storage with well over 9,100, trucking with 7,300-plus, and couriers with nearly 5,000. These gains more than offset some losses in much smaller industries.
• More current data from the U.S. BLS show continued employment gains in some major industries from 2015 to 2016. Preliminary figures indicate pipelines grew 5.6 percent, warehousing and storage grew 5.0 percent, couriers and messengers grew 2.5 percent, the U.S. Postal Service grew 1.1 percent, and trucking grew 0.8 percent. (Industry-summary figures are unavailable.)
Projected Employment in Ohio
• Jobs for much of the logistics cluster are projected to increase by a collective 9,650, or 7.0 percent, during the 2014-2024 decade according to the Ohio Dept. of Job and Family Services Labor Market Information division.*
• Jobs in freight transportation arrangement (4885) and storage and warehousing (493) may grow at more than triple the 5.3 percent rate predicted for Ohio overall.
Notes: p – part; * - LMI does not make projections for small industries; it’s 2014 figures differ from the Census Bureau’s due to differences between the agencies in how establish-ments are classified and data collected.
Logistics Cluster Employment (in thousands)
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau & the Association of Ameri-can Railroads, 2017
Employment Changes (excluding rail; in thousands)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Estimated and Projected Employment in Larger Logistics Industries*
Source: ODJFS/LMI, 2016
484: Trucking, 62.9, 42%
492: Couriers, etc., 24.4,
16%482: Rail, 7.6, 5%
481p, 3p, 6: Other Modes,
2.0, 1%
4882, 3, 5, 9: Support, 14.5, 10%
493: Wrhsng. Storage, 39.8, 26%
Total: 151.1
57.1 55.6 60.3 60.0 59.3 59.9 62.9
22.6 19.420.0 19.7 19.5 20.0
24.43.0
2.72.2 2.3 2.1 2.1
2.011.713.0
11.0 13.6 12.7 13.214.5
34.530.6 30.6
33.8 37.9 37.9
39.8
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Trucking Couriers, etc. Other Modes Support Wrhsng. Storage
143.5
133.1128.8
121.3 124.1129.4
131.5
7,820 7,820
65,600 69,390
20,020 18,3706,930 8,250
37,03043,220
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
2014 Estimates 2024 Projections493: Wrhsng. & Storage 4885: Frght. Trnsprtn. Arngmnt.
492: Couriers, etc. 484: Trucking
482: Rail
137,400147,050
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Ross750
Stark2,176
Pike96
Wood3,414
Darke887
Knox174
Scioto466
Licking1,831
Adams60
Gallia281
Wayne1,136
Perry59
Huron779
Butler7,962
Lorain1,564
Allen1,081
Seneca423
Clark1,884
Logan534
Brown161
Athens61
Union1,065
Trumbull2,324
Meigs16
Ashtabula573
Hardin221
Henry501
Franklin28,390
Noble90
Preble261
Mercer1,007
Portage1,274
Miami1,919
Fulton313
Erie566
Belmont677
Vinton75
Hancock3,389
Fairfield423
Putnam379
Highland110
Lucas6,313
Carroll263
Shelby1,093
Monroe241
Richland955
Clinton1,369
Greene517
Muskingum1,842
Marion743
Medina1,596
Warren930
Fayette280
Holmes660
Guernsey295
Pickaway823
Madison2,769
Morgan6
Washington858
Coshocton223
Geauga503
Summit7,463
Jackson145
Hocking104
Ashland391
Morrow33
Lake588
Tuscarawas1,136
Delaware3,100
Williams725
Harrison285
Paulding174
Defiance603
Lawrence725
Van Wert287
Auglaize288
Cuyahoga11,840
Wyandot125
Hamilton7,115
Columbiana979
Crawford214
Sandusky837
Mahoning2,332
Champaign258
Ottawa166
Clermont1,592
Jefferson 1,155
Montgomery6,432
R071217A
Logistics ClusterEmployment*
Source: 2015 County Business Patterns,U.S. Census Bureau
Prepared by: Ohio Development ServicesAgency, Office of Research (August 2017)
Logistics ClusterEmploymentin County*
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
5,001 - 28,390
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
1,251 - 5,000
! ! !
! ! !
! ! 501 - 1,250
! !
! ! 201 - 500
6 - 200
*County figures should be consideredestimates and do not sum to the
statewide total, 143,493. This mapdoes not include roughly 7,600 railroademployees not covered in the County
Business Pattern data.
Logistics: Why Ohio
In General
• 449.9 million tons of commodities were shipped from mines,factories, warehouses, wholesalers, non-store retailers, fueldealers and publishers in Ohio according to the latest Com-modity Flow Survey (CFS); that was 4.0 percent the U.S. totaland ranked Ohio 4th. 79.0 percent was shipped by solely bytruck – also 4th-ranked, 8.5 percent by rail (12th-ranked) and6.5 percent by pipelines (5th ranked); 4.4 percent was shippedby multiple modes (again 4th-ranked - at least 75 percent of allsuch tonnage involves trucks).
• Ohio ranked 5th among the states in warehousing and storageservices (NAICS 493), adding $2.75 billion to the U.S. grossdomestic product (GDP) in 2015 according to the U.S. BEA.
• One reason for these high ranks is the concentration of man-ufacturing in Ohio, notably chemicals, metal products, ma-chinery, electrical and transportation equipment as well asproducts made from non-metallic minerals, petroleum, coaland polymers. Another is its central location: 59.1 percent ofthe combined U.S. manufacturing, wholesale and retail estab-lishments are within one day’s drive of Ohio’s borders (i.e.,600 miles or 965 kilometers), as are 57.7 and 59.0 percent ofU.S. and Canadian populations.
Trucks and Highways
• Trucking services (484) in Ohio were 4th largest in the nation,adding $7.01 billion to the GDP. Ohio ranks 6th with 2,486miles of Interstate, free- and express- highways, and has the8th most extensive road system at 122,926 miles according tothe U.S. Dept. of Transportation.
Rail
• Rail services (482) in Ohio were 7th largest in the nation, add-ing $1.60 billion to the GDP. The most common items ship-ped are chemicals, coal, nonmetallic minerals, petroleum, ironand steel products, and transportation equipment. 29.1 per-cent of freight cars used are part of intermodal logistics ac-cording to the American Association of Railroads.
Water and Pipelines
• Ohio’s nine Lake Erie ports connect with the N. Atlantic viathe St. Lawrence Seaway, and its numerous river terminalslead to the Gulf of Mexico. The Army Corps of Engineersranks Ohio 9th in total waterborne cargo at 83.7 million tons.All water transportation services (483) added $133 million tothe GDP. Pipeline services (486) expanded to $595 millionwith growing shale gas production.
Intermodal
• 30 separate intermodal sites (excluding numerous small OhioRiver terminals) were noted at the Ohio Dept. of Transporta-tion’s and Bulk Transporter’s websites: 7 in the Cincinnatiarea, 4 in the Columbus area, 3 in the Cleveland area, 2 inToledo, with 1 each in or near Cambridge, Dayton, Euclid,Lima, Lordstown, Marion, Marysville, Mogadore, Navarre, N.Baltimore, Sandusky, Van Wert and Zanesville.
Air
• 17 Ohio airports handled 1,429,498 tons of airfreight (including mail) during 2016; that was 6.33percent of the total air freight arriving, departing ormoving within the U.S. and its territories based onU.S. Bureau of Transportation statistics. Cincinnati(CVG), Columbus (LCK) and Wilmington (ILN) ac-counted for 93.4 percent of the tonnage.
Click on maps to enlarge.
Strategic Location
Highways
Rail
Logistics: Highlights for Companies Major Project Announcements in Ohio1
• 88 companies announced 109 major projects with intentions to invest $630.7 million during the last four years. More than 4,500 new jobs were anticipated when the projects were an-nounced. Annual totals were $96.6 to $273.6 million, with anticipated new jobs ranging between 600 and 1,900.
• FedEx* and UPS* topped the list announcing multiple invest-ments over the years, with both totaling at least $100 million. Others investing at least $40 million were CSX*, Haln Field Services and Norfolk Southern*.
• FedEx* also led all companies with plans to add 700 jobs, fol-lowed by Deutsche Post’s* Exel with 515. Others that plan-ned to add at least 200 jobs included Bleckman USA, Integrity Express Logistics, R & L Carriers, SpeedFC (sic), Union Tank Car and UPS*.
• Trucking and courier services (NAICS 484 and 492 – the lat-ter relies mostly on trucks) drew one-half of investment dollars – $315.3 million – and promised the largest number of jobs – close to 1,900, or 42 percent. That combination was followed by rail (482) companies at $153 million with new 88 jobs plan-ned. Storage and warehousing (493) companies announced $78.9 million with nearly new 1,100 jobs. Similarly, support operations (488p) drew $58.5 million, but anticipated more than 1,150 new jobs. $25 million was planned for air freight (481p) with 260 new jobs.
The Larger Companies2 and Locales in Ohio
• Air Freight (481p and 492): dozens of companies used 17 Ohio airports during 2016; Cincinnati’s CVG handled 73.5 percent of the weight (principal users – ABX, Air Transport International, Atlas, FedEx*, Kalitta, Polar Air and Southern Air). Other high-volume ports include Columbus’ Rickenback-er (LCK, principal users – Cargolux, Cathay Pacific, Fed-Ex* and UPS*), the Wilmington Air Park (ILN, principal users – ABX and Air Transport International) and Cleveland’s Hop-kins (CLE, principal users – FedEx* and UPS*).
• Rail (482): 40 railroads operate on 4,903 miles of track in Ohio, the 6th and 4th highest respective counts in the U.S. CSX* and Norfolk Southern* are the largest mentioned among the eight serving 30 intermodal sites in 18 cities.
• Trucking (484) and couriers (492): ArcBest’s* ABF, Deutsche Post’s* Exel and DHL Express, FedEx*, Old Dominion*, R & L Carriers, UPS*, Xpo Logistics’* Con-way, and YRC* (including USF Holland) are among the largest of many carriers in Ohio. Their widespread operations tend to be in or near urbanized areas: Akron, Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Day-ton, Lima, Mansfield, Middletown, Toledo and Youngstown.
• Individual pipeline (486) operations do not employ large num-bers, but are often subsidiaries of large companies. Buckeye Partners*, Dominion Energy*, Kinder Morgan*, and Trans-Canada’s* Columbia Gas Transmission are here.
• Support services (488p): Total Quality Logistics may be the largest among many independent spe-cialists. Other notable specialists in Ohio include CH Robinson*, Expeditors International* and For-ward Air Freight. Other companies with principal businesses elsewhere in logistics or outside of it also provide support services: ArcBest’s* Panther, Berkshire-Hathaway’s* BNSF, Deutsche Post’s* Exel, FedEx*, Norfolk Southern*, Penske*, Road-runner*, Sears*, UPS*, Xpo Logistics* and YRC*.
• Warehousing and storage (493): Iron Mountain* is a notable specialist, and such services are a large part of ODW Logistics. However, many large ware-houses are facilities of companies whose principal businesses are outside of the logistics cluster; 11 such Fortune U.S.-1,000 companies have distribu-tion centers, each thought to employ at least 500.
Private Investment in Ohio’s Logistics Industry
Source: Ohio Development Services Agency
The Top Six Announcements in 2016
Investment Jobs Company (in millions) Expected
UPS* (courier) $177.0 75 FedEx* (trucking) $18.5 195 Integrity Express(trucking) $14.1 116 FedEx* (trucking) $11.0 9 Deutsche Post*/Exel $10.0 400 Bleckman USA (warehousing) $1.4 200
Source: Ohio Development Services Agency
Notes: 1 – A major project involves at least $1 million, at least 20 or 50 new jobs (it has varied by year), or an ad-dition of 20,000 square feet; projects often are phased in over several years; 2 – Space limitations permit only brief highlights for the thousands of establishments in Ohio; * – a Fortune U.S.-1,000 or Global-500 company; p – part.
$110.1
$150.4
$96.6
$273.6
611
903
1,109
1,889
0
350
700
1,050
1,400
1,750
2,100
$0.0
$50.0
$100.0
$150.0
$200.0
$250.0
$300.0
2013 2104 2015 2016
An
tic
ipa
ted
Jo
bs
Pla
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ed
to
In
ve
st
(Mil
lio
ns
)
Planned to Invest Anticipated Jobs
!
!
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=
== = =
=
==
=
7
7
7
7
77
7
7
7k
k
k
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kk
k
k
k
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Akron
Canton
Toledo
Dayton
Columbus
Cleveland
Youngstown
Cincinnati
Ohi
oRiv
er
OhioRiver
Lake Erie
R071217A
0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles
Ohio's PrincipalFreight TransportationAssets
´
Key
Highway
Interstate Route
U.S. or State Route
Railroad
Class 1 Railroad
Other Railroad
Key
k Rail-Truck Intermodal Facility
7 Airport
= Lake Erie Port
! City
Prepared by: Ohio Development ServicesAgency, Office of Research (July 2017)