loganatha narayanasamy government...

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LOGANATHA NARAYANASAMY GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

Ponneri – 601 204, Thiruvallur District

PG AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

M.Sc., CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

Effective from the Academic Year 2020-2021

Regulation – 4.0

2

S. No Contents Page

No.

1. Vision and Mission 04

2. Curriculum 05

3. Members of Board of Studies 06

4. Scheme of Evaluation 08

S. No. Semester Sub. Code Subject Title

1.

I

Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry – I 09

2. Core Paper Organic Chemistry – I 11

3. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – I 13

4. Elective-I Green Chemistry 16

5 EDC-I Medicinal Chemistry 17

6. Soft Skill-I Professional Development Skills 19

7.

II

Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry – II 21

8. Core Paper Organic Chemistry – II 23

9. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – II 25

10. Elective-II Nano and Polymer materials 27

11. EDC-II Aqua Chemistry 30

12. Soft Skill-II Behavior Development Skills 31

13. Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry Lab – I 32

14. Core Paper Organic Chemistry Lab – I 33

15. Core Paper Physical Chemistry Lab – I 33

16. Soft Skill Internship 35

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17.

III

Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry – III 35

18. Core Paper Organic Chemistry – III 37

19. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – III 40

20 Elective-III Bio-Organic Chemistry 42

21. Elective-IV Industrial Chemistry 44

22. Soft Skill-III Total Quality Management (TQM) 45

23. Core Paper Inorganic chemistry Lab – II 47

24.

IV

Core Paper Organic Chemistry – IV 48

25. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – IV 50

26. Elective-V Nuclear Chemistry and Inorganic Spectroscopy 53

27. Soft Skill-IV E-content Development Skill 55

28. Core Paper Organic Chemistry Lab – II 56

29. Core Paper Physical Chemistry Lab – II 57

30. Core paper Dissertation 58

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M.Sc. CHEMISTRY PROGRAM

VISION

To render ourselves more accountable to our people, our learners, the State Government, UGC and

MHRD. To design our own curriculum, which is locale-specific and need-based. To be constantly

on our toes to tirelessly alter syllabi and produce competent graduates for job placement and the

nation. To create an effective evaluation mechanism to focus on yearlong assessments.

MISSION

To upgrade the Department of Chemistry as one with greater knowledge and competence. To give

a boost to the quality of graduates, we send out through continuous assessment and evaluation and

thus augment our human resources. To upgrade the first generation learner into a first grade

graduate.

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M. Sc., CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM

Regulation 4.0 : 2020 - 21 Onwards

S. No. Semester Sub. Code Subject Title Credits

1.

I

Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry – I 4

2. Core Paper Organic Chemistry – I 4

3. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – I 4

4. Elective-I Green Chemistry 3

5 EDC-I Medicinal Chemistry 3

6. Soft Skill-I Professional Development Skills 2

7.

II

Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry – II 4

8. Core Paper Organic Chemistry – II 4

9. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – II 4

10. Elective-II Nano and Polymer materials 3

11. EDC-II Aqua Chemistry 3

12. Soft Skill-II Behavior Development Skills 2

13. Core Lab Inorganic Chemistry Lab-I 2

14. Core Lab Organic Chemistry Lab-I 2

15. Core Lab Physical Chemistry Lab – I 2

16. Core Paper Internship 2

17.

III

Core Paper Inorganic Chemistry-III 4

18. Core Paper Organic Chemistry – III 4

19. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – III 4

20 Elective-III Bio-Organic chemistry 3

21. Elective-IV Industrial Chemistry 3

22. Soft Skill-III Total Quality Management (TQM) 2

23. Core Lab Inorganic chemistry Lab-II 2

24.

IV

Core Paper Organic Chemistry – IV 4

25. Core Paper Physical Chemistry – IV 4

26. Elective-V Nuclear Chemistry and Inorganic

Spectroscopy 3

27. Soft Skill-IV E-content development skill 2

28. Core Lab Physical Chemistry Lab-II 2

29. Core Lab Organic Chemistry Lab-II 2

30. Core paper Dissertation 4

Total 91

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MEMBERS OF BOARD OF STUDIES

Convener : Dr. D. SEGHAR,

Principal

L.N. Government College (Autonomous)

Ponneri – 601 204

Chairman : Dr. R. P. MEENA,

Assistant Professor & Head,

PG and Research Department of Chemistry,

L.N. Government College (Autonomous)

Ponneri – 601 204

University Nominee : Mrs. A. C. ABIRAMI,

Assistant Professor,

Department of Chemistry,

Rajeswari Vedachalam Government Arts College,

Chengalpet – 603 001

External Members : 1. Dr. K. Arivazhagan,

Assistant Professor,


Government Arts College for Men,

Nandanam

Chennai -600 035.

2. Dr. G. Ramachandran,


Dr. Ambedkar Govt. Arts College (Autonomous)

Vyasarpadi, Chennai-600 039.

Industrialist : Mr. S. KANNAN,

Technical Director

M N Dastur & company (p) Ltd,

Nandanam,

Chennai-600035.

Alumini : Mr. S. VINOTH,

B. Sc-(2013-2016)

M.Sc-(2016-2018)

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INTERNAL MEMBERS :

Dr. S. Senthilkumar, Assistant Professor.

Mr. N. Afsar, Assistant Professor.

Dr. S. George, Assistant Professor.

Mrs. K. Jayanthi, Assistant Professor.

Dr. A. Ramesh, Assistant Professor.

Dr. S. Manjunathan, Assistant Professor.

Dr. K. N. Marimuthu, Assistant Professor.

Dr. S. Maria Rayappan, Assistant Professor.

Dr. S. Esakku, Assistant Professor.

Dr. Vidyavathy Balraj, Assistant Professor.

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SCHEME OF EVALUATION

All Core and Elective / EDC Papers Marks

Internal Marks 25

External Marks 75

Total Marks 100

Mode of Evaluation of Dissertation

Internal

(Supervisor)

External

(Supervisor and External Examiner)

20 for Periodical

Presentation 60 for Report Submission 20 for Viva-Voce

Mode of Internal and External Assessment for Soft Skill

Internal Marks 40

External Marks 60

Total Marks 100

Internship (Duration 4 to 6 Weeks)

Certificate

from the

Industry

Mode of Internal Assessment for Theory

Internal Assessment Test(s)

(Best two performances out of three tests) 15

Assignment(s) /Seminar 5

Attendance 5

Total Marks 25

Mode of Internal and External Assessment for Practical Lab

Total Marks for Internal 40

External Evaluation for Lab 60

Total 100

Mode of internal Assessment for Practical Lab

Completion of all Experiments 10

Periodical Submission of Observation and Record note book 10

Model Practical Exam 20

Total 40

For External 60

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Objectives

To provide knowledge of basic and advanced concepts in bonding and enable the students

to identify the structure and bonding of simple molecules.

To provide an understanding of the various types of solid state packing and the types of

chemical forces.

To enable students appreciate the structure of inorganic chain and cluster compounds.

To provide knowledge of the structure and bonding in boron compounds.

To understand and gain knowledge towards acid-base chemistry and non-aqueous solvents.

Expected outcomes

Students are able

To identify the bonding types.

To understand the structure and packing in simple molecules.

To appreciate the structure of boranes, carboranes, metal clusters and inorganic polymers

To understand acid-base theory both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents.

UNIT-I: CHEMICAL BONDING

1.1 V.B. approach to bonding-Heitler-London theory, Pauling-Slater’s theory of covalent

Bond. Concept of hybridization and structure of molecules, VSEPR theory shapes of

molecules

1.2 M.O. approach to covalent bonding – symmetry and overlap of atomic orbitals –

symmetry of molecular orbitals – sigma and pi bonding – energy levels in homo and hetero

nuclear diatomic systems – bond length, bond order and bond energy,

1.3 Application to small molecules such as BeCl2, BCl3 and CCl4, SF4 etc, ionic character

in a covalent bond - The concept of multi-centre bonding

1.4 Pseudo halogens: Structure and bonding in ClF3, BrF3, BrF5, IF5, IF7 etc. Bonding in

Noble gas compounds – XeCl2, XeF4, XeOF4, XeF6.

UNIT-II: PROTIC & APROTIC SOLVENTS

2.1 Acid-Base Chemistry: Theories of acids and bases – Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry of

theory proton donor - acceptor system. Relative strength of acid and bases – Amphoteric

Solvents -its significances - levelling effect –differentiating solvents.

Semester Subject Title Subject Code Total Hours

Credit

I INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I Core 75 4

10

2.2 Theory of solvent system concept (auto-ionisation), Lewis-electron dot system and

Pearson’s HSAB principle and its applications-symbiosis. Usanovich and Lux-Flood

Concept.

2.3 Non-aqueous solvents: classification of solvents-general properties of ionizing solvents-

Chemical reactions-water, liquid ammonia, liquid SO2, liq. N2O4, liq. H2S, liq. HF,

liq.HCN, acetic acid and liq. BrF3

UNIT-III: CHEMISTRY OF SOLID STATE

3.1 Weak Chemical forces: van-der waals forces, hydrogen bonding, close packing of

Atoms and ions HCP and BCC types of packing voids, radius ratio – derivation – its

Influence on structures.

3.2 Lattice energy – Born-Lande equation - Kapustinski equation, Madelung constant

3.3 Band theory of solids- non-stoichiometry- point defects – linear defects- effects due

to dislocations-electrical properties of solids-conductor, insulator, semiconductor-

internsic- impurity semiconductors-optical properties-lasers and phosphors-elementary

Study of liquid crystals

UNIT- IV: BORON COMPOUNDS AND CLUSTERS

4.1 Chemistry of boron – structure and bonding in boranes, higher boranes, borazines,

Boron nitrides, hydroborate ions –, STYX numbers- wade’s rules.

4.2 Carboranes- types such as nido-closo, arachno-structure and bonding in carboranes

and metallocarboranes.

4.3 Metal clusters: chemistry of low nuclearity metal clusters only, structure of Re2Cl8;

Multiple metal-metal bonds.

UNIT-V: INORGANIC CHAIN COMPOUNDS

5.1 Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers- silanes, higher

silanes, multiple bonded systems- silicon nitrides, siloxanes. P-N compounds-

cyclophosphazenes and cyclophosphazane, S-N compounds- S4N4, (SN)x

5.2 Isopoly and heteropoly acids – Structure and bonding of 6- and 12 – isopoly and-

heteropoly anions.

5.4 Structure of silicates - applications of Pauling’s rule of electrovalence-isomorphous

Replacements in silicates – ortho, Meta and pyro silicates.

Text Books

1. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Ed, John Wiley, 1986.

2. D.F. Shriver, P.W. Atkins, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed, 1999

3. Sathya Prakash, G. D. Tuli, S. K. Basu and R. D. Madan, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry-

Vol-I, S.Chand, 1977

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Reference Books

1. D. E. Douglas, D.H. McDaniel and J. J. Alexander, Concepts and Models in Inorganic

Chemistry, 3rd Ed, 1994.

2. Pauling, the Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd Ed., Cornell University Press, 1960.

3. A.G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2008.

4. N. H. Ray, Inorganic Polymers, Academic Press, 1978.

5. A. R. West, Basic Solid State Chemistry, John Wiley, 1991.

6. E. L. Mutteri, Polyhedral Boranes, Academic Press, NY, 1975.

Objectives

Understanding the fundamental mechanism involved in electrophilic reactions,

nucleophilic reactions and reactions that involve transient species.

Understanding the basic aspects of stereochemistry such as chirality, nomenclature,

stereoselectivity vs stereospecificity and asymmetric synthesis.

Understanding the conformational analysis of six member ring systems.

Expected outcomes

To enable the students to understand various types of reaction mechanisms involved in

synthetic organic transformation.

To enable the students to understand the basic stereochemistry concept in a proper perspective.

To enable the students to understand the concept of asymmetric synthesis.

UNIT-I: REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES AND REACTION MECHANISM

1.1 Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations,

carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, carbenoids, benzynes and nitrenes.

1.2 Kinetic and Non kinetic methods of determining organic reaction mechanisms. Isolation

and trapping of intermediates, Isotopic labelling studies. Primary Kinetic Isotopic effect.

Generation of Kinetic and Thermodynamic enolates.

1.3 Hammett equation-simple problems and Taft equation. Significance of reaction as well as substituent

constants. Ambident nucleophiles such as CN-, NO

-2, phenoxide and ambident dianions.

UNIT-II: ALIPHATIC NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

2.1 Mechanism of nucleophlic substitution reaction: SN1, SN2 and SNi mechanisms. Solvent

Semester Subject Title Subject Code Total Hours

Credit

I ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I Core 75 4

12

and leaving group effects and neighbouring group participation (NGP).Substitution at

carbonyl, vinylic and bridge head system.

2.2 Substitution with ambident nucleophiles- “O” Vs “C” alkylation. Role of LDA, crown

ethers and phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

2.3 Generation of enolates, enolate selectivity (Kinetic Vs Thermodynamic), alkylation of

enolates and stereochemistry of enolate alkylation. Mechanism of ester hydrolysis (only

BAc2, AAc2 and AAl1). Alkylation of active methylene compounds.

2.4 Asymmetric alkylation (Evans, Enders and Meyers procedures).Preparation and synthetic

Utility of enamines, Finkelstein reaction, Wurtz coupling.

UNIT-III: AROMATIC ELECTROPHILIC AND NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONS

3.1 Aromatic electrophilic substitution: mechanism of nitration, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts

alkylation and acylation reactions. Synthesis of di- and tri-substituted benzenes from

benzene or mono-substituted benzenes.

3.2 Haworth reaction (for naphthalene), Scholl reaction, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation,

Gattermann reaction, Reimer-Tiemann and Bischler-Napieralski reactions.

3.3 Aromatic nucleophilic substitution in aryl halides by Meisenheimer complex mechanism

and benzyne mechanism. Reactions of aryldiazonium salts. Zeigler alkylation, Vicarious

Nucleophlic Substitution (VNS), Chichibabin and Schiemann reactions.

UNIT-IV: AROMATICITY

4.1 Theories of aromaticity – MO, VBT and sextet theory. Types – Benzenoid and Non-

benzenoid aromatic compounds. Conversion of non-aromatic and anti-aromatic

compounds into aromatic.

4.2 Aromaticity of Azulenes, Tropones, Tropolones, Fulvalenes, Annulenes, Coronene,

Pyrene and their related compounds, Craig’s rule. Homo and Quasi aromaticity –

Annulation effect.

UNIT-V: STEREOCHEMISTRY

5.1 Chirality, Symmetry elements, Asymmetric and Dissymmetric chiral molecules.

Stereochemistry of mono and di-substituted cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane

and cyclohexane.

5.2 Stereochemistry of tri-substituted cyclopentane, tri-substituted pentane and tetra-

substituted hexane. Description of various types of optically active compounds including

allenes, spiranes, biphenyls.

5.3 Interpretation of homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms and faces.Pro-chiral

carbon. Concept of Re- and Si- faces. R & S nomenclature of simple compounds, allenes,

spiranes and biphenyls. Stereospecific and Stereoselective reactions.

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5.4 Asymmetric Synthesis-Cram’s and Prelog’s rules & Felkin-Anh and Cram Chelate model.

Conformational analysis of cyclohexane, di-substituted cyclohexanes and decalin.

Text Books

1. M. B. Smith and Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons,

5th Ed, 2001.

2. J. Clayden, N. Greeves and S. Warren, Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press,

2nd Ed, 2012.

3. E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley Ed, 2008

4 D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International (P) Ltd,

Reprint, 2005.

5. Kalsi. P. S, Organic Reactions: Stereochemistry and Mechanism through solved

problems, New Age International (P) Ltd, 4th Ed, 2007.

Reference Books

1. F. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry-Part A and B, Springer

Science + Business Media, 5 th Ed, 2007.

2. M. B. Smith, Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, 3rd Ed, 2011.

3. R. O. C. Norman and J. M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, Chapman & Hall,

3rd Ed, 1993.

4. Stuart Warren, Organic Synthesis: Disconnection Approach, Wiley India (P) Ltd, 2007.

5. I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural

product, Dorling Kindersley India (P) Ltd, 2009.

Objectives

To know the limitations of classical thermodynamics in the evaluation of macroscopic properties

To understand the principles of activity and fugacity

To know the theories of kinetic activity

To study the techniques of Heat Capacity

To learn about the various applications of Quantum Statistics

To understand the concepts of group theory

To apply group theory for determining vibrations, hybrid orbitals

To determine the selection rules for spectral transitions and molecular orbitals.

Semester Subject Title Subject Code Total Hours Credit

I PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY - I Core 75 4

14

Expected Outcomes

After completing this course, the students will

Know the limitations of classical thermodynamics in evaluation of macroscopic properties.

Understand the principles of activity and fugacity.

Know the theories of kinetic activity.

Understand the techniques of Heat Capacity.

Learn about the various applications of Quantum Statistics.

Understand the rules and concepts of group theory

To apply group theory for determining vibrations and hybrid orbitals

To determine the selection rules for spectral transitions, energies and molecular orbitals.

UNIT-I: THERMODYNAMICS AND NON-IDEAL SYSTEMS

1.1 Concepts of Partial Molar Properties-Partial Molar Free Energy and Partial Molar Volume

and its significance. Gibbs-Duhem equation and its applications.

1.2 Chemical potential-Variation of chemical potential with temperature and pressure,

Van’t Hoff isotherm

1.3 Thermodynamics of real gases (Fugacity)–Determination of fugacity of gases by

Graphical method -Variation of fugacity with temperature and pressure.

1.4 Solution of Electrolytes–Concept of ionic strength-Determination of mean ionic activity

co-efficient by depression of freezing point method and EMF measurement method.

1.5 Lewis Randal rule -Duhem-Margules equation. Determination of activity and activity

coefficient of non-electrolyte (e.m.f method)-Excess functions.

UNIT-II: IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS

2.1 Nernst heat theorem-Third law of thermodynamics-Applications of third law-Entropy

Change-Calculation of absolute entropies-Apparent exceptions to third law

2.2 Non-equilibrium thermodynamics-Basic Concepts-Forces and fluxes-Entropy of

irreversible processes

2.3 Clausius inequality-Phenomenological equations-Onsager reciprocity relations-Coupled reactions.

2.4 The principle of microscopic reversibility, the Onsager reciprocal relations – verification.

2.5 Entropy production- rate of entropy production, entropy production in chemical reactions.

UNIT-III: STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS

3.1 Objectives of statistical thermodynamics, permutation and combination. Laws of

probability, distribution Laws- Gaussian distribution. Micro states and microstates for

distinguishable and indistinguishable particles. Thermodynamic probability.

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3.2 Classical statistics-Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) statistics-Quantum statistics-Bose-Einstein

(BE) and Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics-Derivation of distribution function-MB, BE and FD

statistics-comparison.

3.3 Partition Functions – evaluation of Translational, Rotational and Vibrational partition

Function – Thermodynamic Functions in terms of partition Function – relationship

between E & Q , S&Q ,H&Q G&Q and A&Q . Application of partition Function to

monoatomic gas – Sackur- Tetrode equation.

3.4 Statistical expression for equilibrium constant –Calculation of Equilibrium Constant from

Partition Function.

3.5 Heat capacities of Monoatomic crystals – Einstein and Debye theory of heat capacities.

UNIT-IV: GROUP THEORY-I

4.1 Symmetry elements; symmetry operations, point groups-determination of point group. 4.2

Abelian group- Group multiplication table (C2v, C3v)

4.3 Matrix representation of symmetry operations-Similarity transformations; Space groups of crystals.

4.4 Mulliken symbols-reducible and irreducible representations; Symbols and rules of

irreducible representations-reduction formula-direct product representation;

4.5 Great orthogonality theorem; character table-construction of character tables C2v, C3v and D2h

UNIT-V: GROUP THEORY-II

5.1 Applications of group theory- Determination of representations of vibrational modes in

non-linear molecules such as water, ammonia and, BF3.

5.2. Determination of Hybrid orbitals in non-linear molecules – Examples: H2O, NH3, BF3, and CH4

5.3. SALC procedure-evaluation of energies and molecular orbitals for systems like ethylene

and butadiene.

5.4. Selection rules for spectral transitions. Electronic spectra of formaldehyde and ethylene

Text Books

1. J. Rajaram and J. C. Kuriacose, Irreversible Thermodynamics, Lal Nagin Chand,

New Delhi, 1989

2. S. Glasstone, Thermodynamics for Chemists, Affiliated East West Press, New Delhi, 1960.

3. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990.

4. V. Ramakrishnan and M. S. Gopinathan, Group theory in Chemistry, Vishal

Publications, 1988

5. F.A. Cotton, Chemical Application of Group Theory, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1971

6. V. Raman, Group theory and its applications to Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company, 1990

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Reference Books

1. A. Walton, Molecular and Crystal Structure Models, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1978.

2. F. C. Phillips, An Introduction to Crystallography, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1963.

3. A. R. West, Solid State Chemistry and its applications, John Wiley, New York, 1984.

4. M. C. Gupta, Statistical Thermodynamics, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1990.

5. Yi-Chen Cheng, Macroscopic and Statistical Thermodynamics, World Scientific, 2006.

6. R. P. H. Gasser and W. G. Richards, Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics, World

Scientific, Singapore, 1995.

7. D. A. McQuarrie, Textbook of Physical Chemistry, University Science Books, Mill

Valley, California, 1983.

8. R. A. Alberty and R. J. Silbey, Physical Chemistry, John Wiley, New York, 1992.

9. J. Rajaram and J. C. Kuriacose, Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry, Lal Nagin

Chand, New Delhi, 1986.

Objectives

To gain the sound knowledge about green chemistry and its significances

To understand the different pollution caused by industrial wastes and controlling measures

of pollution

To understand the concepts of renewable energy resources

Expected outcomes:


To know the significances of green chemistry

To know the different pollutions caused by industrial wastes and controlling measures

To know the concepts of renewable energy resources

UNIT-I: PRINCIPLES & CONCEPT OF GREEN CHEMISTRY

1.1 Introduction – Concept and Principles of green chemistry - development of Green

Chemistry - Need of Green Chemistry in our day to day life

1.2 Application of green chemistry - Reduction of industrial pollution - Alternate path routes

for pollution free production.

UNIT-II: ESSENTIAL OF GREEN CHEMISTRY

2.1 Usage of conventional and green solvents - advantages, limitation and drawbacks


I GREEN CHEMISTRY Elective 60 3

http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6031.html

17

2.2 Green synthesis-designing, choice of starting materials, choice of reagents, choice of

Catalyst: bio-catalyst, polymer supported catalyst, choice of solvent

2.3 Synthesis involving basic principles of green chemistry- examples-synthesis of adipic

acid, methylmethaacrylate (MMA) and paracetamol.

UNIT-III: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

3.1 Need for environmental studies - Pollution control measures in fertiliser, petroleum, pulp

and paper, tanning, sugar, alcohol, electroplating and nuclear reactors

3.2 Emission of CO2, NOx, SOx and their effects. Health effects of environmental pollution

UNIT-IV: MEASURING AND CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

4.1 Carbon foot printing- green process. Matrices-eco labels - Sewage treatment plant

4.2 R4 principle in waste management-organic fertilizers, composting and phytoremediation

UNIT-V: RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

5.1 Renewable energy resources-types of renewable energy resource .solar cells: basic

Principles - types and applications.

5.2 Fuel cell-basic principles, types, and their applications, working principles and

Applications

5.3 Bio-fuel cells- brief introduction about hydroelectric, biomass, wind power, geothermal

power, their applications and limitations.

Text Book:

1. V K Alhuwalia, Green Chemistry: A text Book, Alpha Science International-2013.

Reference Books:

1. Mike Lancaster, Green Chemistry and Introductory text, II Edition.

2. P T. Anastas and J.C Warner, Green Chemistry theory and Practice, Oxford Press, 1988.

3. P.Tundoet et al, Green Chemistry, Wiley-Blackwell, London, 2007.

4. T.E. Graedel, Streamlined Life cycle Assessment, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998.

Objectives

To know the nomenclature of drugs.

To know the common diseases and their treatment.

To know the medicinally important chemicals and their significances.


I MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Elective (EDC) 15 3

18

Expected Outcomes


To understand the nomenclature of drugs.

To understand the common diseases and their treatment.

To know the medicinally important chemicals and their significances.

UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

1.1 History and Development of Medicinal Chemistry

1.2 Physicochemical properties -Ionisation-Solubility –Hydrogen Bonding-Chelation-Optical

and geometrical isomerism

UNIT-II: NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

2.1 Introduction of drugs –Definition. Nature and sources of drugs

2.2 Study of drugs – Some important terminologies used in pharmaceutical chemistry –

Pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacophore,

Pharmacopeia, chemotherapy, pharmacotherapeutic, medicinal chemistry,

antimetabolitics, bacteria, virus and fungi.

2.3 Classification of drugs – Biological, chemical, according to commercial consideration and

Lay public.

2.4 Nomenclature of drugs –Prescription and non-prescription drugs.

UNIT –III: MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS

3.1. Medicinally important compounds of A1, P, As, Fe and Hg.

3.2 Sulpha drugs – Uses of Sulphanilamide, Sulphadiazine, Sulpha pyridine, Sulphathiazole,

Sulphafurazole and prontosil.

3.3. Agents for kidney function (Amino hippuric acid) – Agent for liver function (SulphoBromo

phthalein) – Agent for pituitary function (Metyrapone).

3.4. Organic pharmaceutical aids – Preservatives – Cetrimide & Benzalkonium chloride -

Antioxidant – Gallic acid and Butylated hydroxyl anisole.

UNIT-IV: COMMON DISEASES & THEIR TREATMENT BY DRUGS

4.1 Insect borne diseases – Malaria and Filariasis – Air borne diseases – Diphtheria and Tuberculosis (TB).

4.2 Water borne diseases – Cholera and Typhoid.

4.3. Hereditary diseases – Asthma and Diabetes – Types of diabetes – Causes & control – Diet

chart for diabetics - Insulin – Preparations and dosage – Uses.

4.4 Cancer – Types – Causes, spread and treatment.

UNIT-V: ANTIBIOTICS, ANALGESICS AND ANAESTHETICS

5.1. Antibiotics – conditions for the antibiotics – classification based on biological actions – t

herapeutic uses of chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline.

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5.2 Analgesics – Types – Narcotic analgesics – morphine – non-narcotic analgesics – aspirin

and paracetamol.

5.3 Anesthetics – Characteristics – Classification – General and Local anesthetics– Uses of

ether, chloroform, halothane, nitrous oxide, thiopental sodium, methohexitone and cocaine.

Text Books:

1. Jayashree Ghosh, A text book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S. Chand and Co. Ltd, 1999

2. S.C. Rastogi, Biochemistry, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1993.

3. Ashutosh Kar, Medicinal Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1993.

Reference Books:

1. O.Le Roy, Natural and synthetic organic medicinal compounds, Ealemi, 1976.

2. B.L. Oser, Hawk’s physiological chemistry, 14th edition, Tata-McGraw - Hill Publishing

Co.Ltd, 1965

3. O. Kleiner and J. Martin, Bio-Chemistry, Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 1974.

Objectives

To enhance individual's interactions, job performance and career prospects.

To impart training for students in MS word, MS-Excel, Power Point etc., so that they get

adapted to any work environment.

To equip students with effective speaking and listening skills in English

Expected Outcomes:

To inculcate the students apart from chemistry, also to familiarize computer skills

UNIT- I: BUILDING LANGUAGE SKILLS

1.1 Vocabulary – words, meaning, pronunciation and usage in context.

1.2 Sentences – declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory – strategies for building

sentences – exercises.

1.3 Fluency - articulation, good pronunciation, voice quality and accent & intonation.

UNIT-II BUILDING COMPUTING SKILLS- I

2.1 Basics - Classification of computers - Role of Computers in society- Hardware

(Processing, memory, I/O, storage) – Software (systems, application).

2.2 Word Processing – Open, Save and Close word document - Editing text- tools, formatting,

Semester Subject Title Subject Code

Total Hours

Credit

I PROFESSIONAL

DEVELOPMENT SKILLS Soft Skill 15 2

20

Bullets and Spell-Checker.

2.3 Document formatting- paragraph alignment, indentation, headers and footers. Numbering -

Printing – preview options.

UNIT-III: BUILDING COMPUTING SKILLS – II

3.1 File Management - Understanding the importance of file management - backing up of

Files - MS Excel – opening, entering text & data and formatting.

3.2 Presentations – Power point – exploring, creating and editing slides, inserting tables and

Charts – Special effects – Clip Art, creating and drawing shapes.

3.2.1 Networks – Internet Explorer- www – working Google and yahoo services, browsing, Searching,

saving –Printing a web page - email- creating, receiving, reading and sending messages.

UNIT-IV: BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS – I

4.1 Communication – meaning and definition – Barriers of effective communication - Modes

of overcoming the barriers of effective communication.

4.2 Modes of communication – Written – oral – mass – examples and exercises.

4.3 Types of communication – Formal – informal – functional – situational– verbal and non-

verbal communication.

UNIT-V: BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS- II

5.1 Interpersonal communication – concept and importance.

5.2 Group discussion – Nature and characteristics – GD vs. Debate – Importance and

Strategies of GD.

Text Books

1. Lewis, Norman, 1991, “Word Power Made Easy”, Pocket Books.

2. Hall and Shepherd, “ The Anti-Grammar Book: Discovery Activities for

Grammar Teaching”, Longman.

3. Aswathappa. K, “Organisational Behaviour”, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

4. Rao. V. S. P, “Human Resource Management”, 2nd Edition, Excell Books, New Delhi.

Reference Books

1. Monippally, Matthukutty. M, 2001, “Business Communication Strategies”, 11th Reprint,

Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

2. Sasikumar.V and P.V. Dhamija, 1993, “Spoken English: A Self-Learning Guide to

Conversation Practice”, 34th Reprint, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi

3. Swets, Paul. W, 1983, “The Art of Talking So That People Will Listen: Getting Through

to Family”, Friends and Business Associates, Prentice Hall Press, New York.

4. Hewings, Martin, 1999, “Advanced English Grammar: A Self-Study Reference and

Practice Book for South Asian Students”, Reprint 2003, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi

21

Objectives

To learn about thermodynamic and stereo-chemical aspects of complex formation

To learn about Various theories of complexes and their magnetic properties

To learn about various mechanisms of substitution and electron transfer reactions.

To study the recent development in the catalysis

Expected Outcomes

Students gain knowledge about

Stability constant, types of cyclic ligands and nomenclature of chiral complexes

Distortion in co-ordination complexes concept of sigma and pi bonding in complexes,

Application of substitution reactions in the synthesis of Platinum and Cobalt complexes

The use of catalytic activity of co-ordination complexes in the synthesis of organic

compounds.

UNIT-I: STABILITY OF COMPLEXES

1.1 Stability of complexes- Factors affecting stability of complexes, Thermodynamic aspects

of complex formation, Stepwise and overall formation constants, Stability correlations,

statistical factors and chelate effect.

1.2 Determination of stability constant and composition of the complexes: Formation curves

and Bjerrum’s half method, Potentiometric method, Spectrophotometric method,

Polorographic method and Continuous variation method (Job’s method)

1.3 Stereochemical aspects- Stereoisomerism in tetrahedral octahedral and square planar

complex- isomerism arising out of ligand distribution and ligand conformation,

1.4 Chirality and nomenclature of chiral complexes; Application of ORD and CD in the

identification of complexes.

UNIT-II: METAL LIGAND BONDING

2.1 Crystal field theory – Splitting of d orbitals under various geometries - factors affecting

splitting, calculation of CFSE from do to d10 systems, Spectrochemical series, Jorgensen

relation,

2.2 Jahn Teller distortion – Dynamic and Static J.T. effect, Jahn Teller effect and chelation,

2.3 Application of CFT – Magnetic properties, spectral properties and Kinetic properties,

Limitations of CFT, Evidences for M-L overlap.

Semester Subject Title Subject

Code Total Hours Credit

II INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II Core 75 4

22

2.4 MOT – MO theory and energy level diagrams concept of Weak and strong fields, Sigma

and pi bonding in octahedral complexes.

2.5 Comparison of CFT and MOT of bonding in octahedral complexes. Nephlauxetic effect

and magnetic properties of complexes

UNIT III: INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM –I

3.1 Electron transfer reactions – Inner sphere (ISET) and outer sphere (OSET) electron transfer

processes. Role of bridging ligand with ISET reaction – tunneling transfer – multiple

bridging in the activated complex in the ISET process.

3.2 Complimentary and non-complimentary ET reactions. Cross reactions and Marcus Hush theory.

3.3 Reaction mechanism of coordination compounds – Types of ligand substitution reactions

mechanism; Dissociative mechanisms (D), Associative mechanism (A) interchange

mechanism (I), Labile and Inert complexes.

UNIT IV: INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM –II

4.1 Substitution Reaction in octahedral complexes – general mechanism, general rate law for

A,D and I - distinction between D, Id, IA pathways, replacement of coordinated water,

mechanism of acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis – DCB mechanism – direct and indirect

evidences in favour of the mechanism.

4.2 Ligand substitution reactions without cleavage of M-L Bond. Anation Reactions.

Substitution in square planar complexes – General mechanism, Trans effect, influences of

entering and leaving groups.

4.3 Application of trans effect – synthesis of isomers of pt (II) complexes – theories of trans

effect and cis-trans isomerisation reaction. Application of substitution reactions in the

synthesis of Platinum and Cobalt complexes.

UNIT-V: CATALYSIS

5.1 General principles of catalysis – basic reactions involved in the catalysis by organo metallic

compounds.

5.2 Hydrogenation of olefins (Wilkinson’s catalyst); Hydroformylation of olefins using Cobalt

or Rhodium catalysts (OXO process);

5.3 Oxidation of olefins to aldehydes and ketones (wacker process) Monsanto acetic acid

synthesis from methanol.

5.4 Cyclo-oligomerisation of acetylene using Ni catalyst (Reppe’s catalyst).

Text Books:

1. F. Basolo and R. G. Pearson, Mechanism of Inorganic reactions, Wiley Eastern, 1967.

2. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter and R. L. Keiter, Inorganic chemistry-Principles on structure and

Reactivity, 4th Ed, Pearson- education, 2002.

23

3. F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, 1988.

4. S. F. A. Kettle, Co-ordination compounds, ELBS, 1973.

5. K. F. Purcell and J. C. Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, WB Sanders Co, USA, 1977

Reference Books:

1. H. J. Emelius and Sharpe, Modern aspects of Inorganic chemistry, Universal book, 1989.

2. D. F. Shriver, P. W. Atkins and C. H. Longford, Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS, 2nd Ed, 1994.

3. R. B. Heslop and K. Jones, Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier, 1976.

4. D. Bannerjea, Co-ordination Chemistry, TATA Mcgraw Hill, 1993.

5. M. L. Tobe, Inorganic Reaction Mechanism, Nelson, 1972.

Objectives

Understanding addition and elimination reactions along with their mechanism and

synthetic utility

Understanding rearrangement and name reactions along with their mechanism and

synthetic utility

Understanding various types of oxidation and reduction reactions along with their

mechanism and synthetic utility

Expected Outcomes

To enable the students to understand reaction mechanisms involved in additions and

elimination reactions.

To enable the students to understand reaction mechanisms involved in rearrangements as

well as name reactions along with their synthetic utilities.

To enable the students to understand various types of oxidation and reduction reactions

along with their synthetic utilities.

UNIT-I: ADDITION TO CARBON-CARBON MULTIPLE BOND

1.1 Electrophilic addition to carbon–carbon double and triple bonds. Nucleophilic addition to

carbon–carbon multiple bonds. Generation and addition of carbenes-Michael addition and

Robinson annulation.

1.2 Hydroxylation of olefinic double bonds (OsO4, KMnO4), Woodward and Prevost

oxidation. Epoxidation using peracids including Sharpless epoxidation, Ozonolysis.

1.3 Hydrogenation (homogenous and heterogeneous) and Transfer hydrogenation. Hydration

Semester Subject Title Subject Code Total

Hours Credit

II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II Core 75 4

24

of carbon-carbon double and triple bonds.

UNIT-II: ADDITION TO CARBON-OXYGEN DOUBLE BOND

2.1 Nucleophilic addition to –C=O bond. A study of Mannich, Benzoin, Darzen’s glycidic

ester, Stobbe and Knovenagel condensation reactions; Wittig, Wittig-Horner olefination

reactions;

2.2 Sulfur and Sulfonium ylides and their reactions, Julia olefination & Peterson alkene

synthesis. Asymmetric reduction of carbonyl functions (Corey’s procedure).

UNIT-III: ELIMINATION

3.1 Elimination reactions: E1, E2, E1cb and Ei-elimination. Conformation of mechanism;

solvent, substrate, leaving group effects-Saytzeff’s and Hofmann elimination.

3.2 Stereochemistry of E2 eliminations, Elimination in cyclohexane ring system; Mechanism

of pyrolytic eliminations.

3.3 Chugaev reactions and Cope elimination, Hofmann degradation and pyrolysis of esters.

UNIT-IV: MOLECULAR REARRANGMENTS & NAMING REACTIONS

4.1 A study of mechanism of the following rearrangements: Beckmann, Curtius, Hofmann,

Schmidt, Lossen, Wolff, Pinacol,

4.2 Wagner Meerwin, Demjanov, Dienone-Phenol, Favorski, Benzidine, Claisen, Cope,

Sommlet-Hauser, Pummerer and Von-Richter rearrangements.

4.3 A study of the following name reactions: Dieckmann cyclization, Hofmann-Loffler Freytag

reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Shapiro reaction, Eschenmoser-Tanabe and Ramberg-

Backlund reactions.

UNIT-V: OXIDATION AND REDUCTIONS REACTIONS

5.1 Oxidation with Cr (including PCC, PDC, Jones) and Mn (including MnO2 and BaMnO4)

reagents;

5.2 Oxidation with LTA, DDQ and SeO2; Oxidation using DMSO either with DCC or Ac2O;

Oxidation using Dess-Martin Periodinane (DMP) reagent, Oppenauer Oxidation.

5.3 Reduction with NaBH4, NaCNBH3, Zn (BH4)2 LiAlH4, Li (tBuO)3 AlH, DIBAL-H, ,

Et3SiH and Bu3SnH; Birch reduction, MPV reduction.

Text Books:

1. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 5th Ed, 2001

2. F. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry-Part A and B, Springer

Science + Business Media, 5 th Ed, 2007

3. M. B. Smith and Jerry March, Advanced Org. Chem., Wiley & Sons, 5th Ed, 2001

4. J. Clayden, N. Greeves and S. Warren, Org. Chem., Oxford Press, 2nd Ed, 2012

25

Reference Books:

1. M. B. Smith, Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, 3rd Ed, 2011

2. R. O. C. Norman and J. M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, Chapman & Hall,

3rd Ed, 1993

3. Stuart Warren, Organic Synthesis: Disconnection Approach, Wiley India (P) Ltd, 2007

4. V. K. Ahluwalia, Oxidation in Organic Synthesis, CRC Press, 1st Ed, 2012

5. V. K. Ahluwalia, Reduction in Organic Synthesis, CRC Press, 1st Ed, 2012.


II PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - II CORE 75 4

Objectives

To understand the kinetics of chemical reaction and explore the reaction kinetics of fast

reactions.

To learn the various techniques and mechanism of involved in catalysis.

To learn the principles of quantum mechanics of simple systems.

To learn the quantum mechanical treatment of multi electron atoms.

Expected Outcomes


To understand and explore the reaction kinetics of fast reactions

To learn the theory, kinetics and mechanism of enzyme catalysis.

Learn the principles ad postulates of quantum mechanics of simple systems.

Learn the quantum mechanical treatment of multi electron systems.

Be able to calculate the energy of simple multi-electron atoms and molecules.

UNIT- I: CHEMICAL KINETICS- I

1.1 Theories of Reaction rates – Arrhenius theory – effect of temperature – Hard – Sphere

collision theory – molecular beams – Reaction cross section – effectiveness of collisions –

Probability factor.

1.2 Transition state theory - Potential energy surface – Partition functions and activated

complex- Eyring equation – Comparison of collision theory and transition state theory.

1.3 Estimation of free energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation and their significances.

1.4 Kinetics of complex reactions – reversible reactions, consecutive reactions – Parallel reactions

1.5 Chain reactions – General treatment of chain reaction - Chain length – Rice - Herzfeld

mechanism – explosion limits.

26

UNIT- II: CHEMICAL KINETICS – II

2.1 Reactions in solution – comparison between gas phase and solution reactions – influence

of solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant and pressure on reaction in solution

2.2 Kinetic isotope effect – Primary and Secondary isotope effects.

2.3 Linear free energy relationship –Hammett and Taft equation.

2.4. Study of Fast reactions: Methods of studying fast reactions – flow method-relaxation

technique and, flash photolysis.

2.5 Radiolysis processes: Dosimeter- G-value- Radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions –

Primary and secondary processes.

UNIT- III: SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS

3.1 Acid-base catalysis, acidity functions, Zucker-Hammett and Bunnet hypothesis – kinetics

and mechanisms.

3.2 Enzyme catalysis – kinetics and mechanism - Michaelis – Menton’s equation – effect of

temperature, substrate concentration and pH-

3.3 Inhibition of enzyme catalyzed reactions – competitive, uncompetitive and non-

competitive inhibitions.

3.4 Physical and chemical adsorption – Lennard-Jones plots- - adsorption isotherms –

Langmuir and BET equation – measurement of surface area.

3.5 Role of catalysis-Catalysis by semiconductor. Langmuir, Hinshelwood-Ideal and Rideal-

Eley mechanisms.

UNIT- IV: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY- I

4.1 Inadequacy of classical theory - Black body radiation, Planck’s concept, Photoelectric effect.

4.2 Bohr’s quantum theory and subsequent developments - Compton effect - wave particle

duality - uncertainty principle - waves - wave equation for electrons.

4.3 Quantum mechanical postulates – Functions and operators – Eigen functions, Eigen values,

Hamiltonian operator. Angular momentum operators- commutation of operators

4.4 Schrodinger equation - applications of Schrodinger’s equation - particle in one, two and

three-dimensional box.

4.5 Simple harmonic oscillator – Rigid rotor.

UNIT-V: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY – II

5.1 Schrodinger equation for hydrogen atom (no derivation) and the solution.

27

5.2 Approximation methods – Perturbation and Variation methods (time-independent) –

application of Variation method to simple examples (Hydrogen and Helium atom) –R.S.

coupling and term symbols for atoms in the ground state.

5.3 Born – Oppenheimer approximation- valence bond theory for hydrogen molecule- LCAO-

MO theory for di and poly atomic molecules.

5.4 Huckel Molecular orbital (HMO) theory for conjugated π- system – applications to simple

systems –Ethylene, butadiene and benzene

5.5. Slater Orbitals and HF-SCF methods.

Text Books:

1. R. G. Frost and Pearson, Kinetics and Mechanism, Wiley New York, 1961

2. C. Capellos and B. H. J. Bielski, Kinetic Systems, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1968

3. K. J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, Harper and Row, New York, 1987

4. R. G. Frost and Pearson, Kinetics and Mechanism, Wiley New York, 1961

5. G. M. Harris, Chemical Kinetics, D. C. Health and Co, 1966

6. A. W. Anderson, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Wiley - Interscience, Newyork, 1990.

7. Paula, Peter Atkins and Julio de, Elements of Physical chemistry, 5th Ed, Oxford 2012

8. B. K. Sen, Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1992

9. A. K. Chandra, Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997

10. W. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1994

11. R. K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, 1993

Reference Books:

1. P.W. Atkins, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983.

2. M. W. Hanna, Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, W. A. Benjamin Inc. London 1965

3. I. N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1983.

4. H. Eyring, J. Walter and G. Kimball, Quantum Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 1944

5. M. W. Hanna, Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, W.A. Benjamin Inc. London, 1965.

6. G. M. Barrow, Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill, New York, 1988.

7. D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry, University Science Books, MilValley, 1998.


II NANO AND POLYMER

MATERIALS Elective 60 3

Objectives:

To learn the synthesis and characterization techniques of nanomaterials.

To learn the theories of conducting properties of materials.

28

To learn the structural important of industrially important materials.

To understand the Principles of Polymer reactivity and stereochemistry of Polymerization.

To get deep knowledge about various methods of polymerization and specialty Polymers.

Expected Outcomes:

Understand the synthesis and characterization techniques of nanomaterials.

Understand the theories of conducting properties of materials.

Get the knowledge on the structural importance of industrially important materials.

Understand the Principles of Polymer reactivity and stereochemistry of Polymerization.

Get deep knowledge about various methods of polymerization and speciality Polymers.

UNIT-I: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS

1.1 Preparation of nanomaterials – plasma arcing, CVD, electrodeposition, sol-gel synthesis, ball

milling, uses of natural nano particles. Synthesis and applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT)

1.2 Self-assembled mono layers – mono layers on gold – preparation – structure – growth

process – patterning mono layers – mixed mono layers.

1.3 Semiconductor quantum dots – synthesis – electronic structure & spectral properties

Monolayer–protected metal nano particles – characterization – functionalization –

1.4 Application - Core-Shell nano particles – introduction – types of systems – characterization

– properties.

1.5 Applications of Nanosensors – electrochemical sensors, sensors based on physical

properties – nano bio-sensors.

UNIT-II: CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS-I

2.1 Electron microscopes –Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)- Transmission Electron

Microscopy (TEM)

2.2 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) - Scanning Probe Microscopy

(SPM) - Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)

UNIT- III: CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS-II

3.1. Atomic manipulations, Focused Ion beam (FIB) technique

3.2. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

3.3. Scanning probe Lithography (SPL),

3.4. Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) –

3.5. Optical microscopies for nanoscience and Technology – Confocal microscopy – scanning

near-field optical microscopy – particle size analysis.

29

UNIT IV: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

4.1 Polymer Processing: Plastics elastomers and fibres. Compounding, processing techniques:

calendaring, die casting, rotational casting, film casting, injection moulding, blow moulding

extrusion moulding, thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fibre spinning.

4.2. Polymer structure and physical properties –crystalline melting point Tm. Determination of

Tg. Relationship between Tm and Tg.

UNIT V: COMMERCIAL POLYMERS

5.1 Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyesters, phenolic resins, epoxy resins and

silicone polymers.

5.2. Functional polymers-Fire retarding polymers and electrically conducting polymers.

5.3. Biomedical polymers.

Text Books:

1. M. Arumugam, Materials Science, Anuradha Agencies, Kumbakonam, 2ndEd, 2003.

2. F. W. Billmeyer, Text Book of Polymer Science, 3rd Ed, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2003.

3. V.R.Gowarker, N.V.Viswanathan & J. Sreedhar, Polymer Science, New Age

International,New Delhi, 2005.

4. C.N.R.Rao, A.Muller and A.K.Cheetham (Eds.), The Chemistry of Nanomaterials Vol.I &

Vol.II, Wiley-VCH, 2004.

5. T. Pradeep, Nano: The Essentials, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.

Reference Books:

1. R. Alcock and F. W. Lamber, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1981.

2. K. L. Choy, Process principles and applications of novel and cost-effective ESAVD

Based methods, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 2002.

3. A. Jones and M. Mitchell, Nanotechnology-Commercial Opportunity, Evolution Capital

Ltd. London, 2001.

4. G. Schmid (Eds), Nanoparticles, Wiley-VCH, 2004.

5. M. Kohler and W. Fritzsche, Nanotechnology, Wiley-VCH, 2004.

6. R. J. Young and P. A. Lovell, Introduction to Polymers, 2nd Ed, Chapman and Hall, 2002.

7. G. Odian, Principles of Polymerization, Fourth edition, Wiley-Inter science, 2004.

8. L. H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, Wiley- Interscience, 1986.

9. M. Rubinstein and R. A. Colby, Polymer Physics, Oxford University Press, 2003.

10 Mick Wilson, Kamali Kannangara, Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons and Burkhard

Raguse, Nanotechnology, Overseas Press, 2005.

11. P. Ajayan, L. S. Schadler, P. V. Brawn, Nanocomposite Science and Tech., Wiley-VCH, 2003.

30

Objectives

To learn the water quality parameters and their methods of estimation.

To learn the effect of Domestic and Industrial water and their treatment.

Expected outcomes


To understand the water quality parameters and the methods to estimate them.

To understand the effect of Domestic and Industrial water and their treatment.

UNIT-I: WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

1.1 Sources of water – Reasons for depletion of underground water – Rain water

Harvesting (Basic ideas).

1.2 water quality parameters - hardness of water - temporary hardness – permanent

hardness - units of hardness.

UNIT-II: ESTIMATION METHODS FOR HARDNESS OF WATER

2.1 Estimation of total hardness of water by EDTA method.

2.2 Biological Oxygen Demand-Chemical Oxygen Demand- Dissolved oxygen (Basic

concepts only).

UNIT-III: DISADVANTAGES OF HARD WATER IN INDUSTRIES

3.1 Disadvantages of using hard water in boilers – Scale formation, Corrosion of boiler

metal, Caustic Embrittlement and Priming and Foaming.

3.2 Effect of iron and manganese in water.

UNIT-IV: DOMESTIC WATER TREATMENT

4.1 Municipal domestic water treatment – break point chlorination.

UNIT-V: WATER PURIFICATION METHODS

5.1. Industrial purpose - Lime–soda process -Zeolite process - ion-exchange process

Desalination – electro dialysis – reverse osmosis.

Text Books

1. Dr. A. Ravikrishnan, Engineering Chemistry I or II Books

Reference Books

1. P. C. Jain and Monika Jain, Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company

(P) Ltd.

2. S. S. Dara, A Text Book of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand and Company Ltd, New

Delhi, Revised Edition, 2003


II AQUA CHEMISTRY Elective (EDC) 15 3

31

Objectives:

To enhance personal qualities, habits, attitudes and social graces that make one-self a good

employee and make compatible to work with.

To help the students to develop their soft skills and social skills so as to make the transition

from college to workplace smoother and help them to excel in their jobs.

To enhance student’s performance at Placement Interviews and other recruitment exercise

UNIT- I: BUILDING POSITIVE ATTITUDE

1.1 Definition – Total quality people-factors determining attitude – benefits of positive attitude.

1.2 Positive self-esteem – building positive self-esteem.

1. 3 Formation and functions of attitudes.

UNIT-II: BUILDING TIME MANAGEMENT

2.1 Barriers – Personal, Psychological, External and Social.

2.2 Effective time management – Concentration - Setting goals – Indian punctuality.

2.3 Strategies – effective implementation – monitoring.

UNIT-III: BUILDING PERSONALITY

3.1 Definition of Personality - Determinants of Personality - biological, psychological and socio

- cultural factors.

3. 2 Self-analysis - SWOC and Johari window.

3.3 Motivation - Elements of motivation - Seven rules of motivation

UNIT- IV: BUILDING ETHICAL VALUES

4.1 Moral values – Honesty – Sincerity – Gratitude

4.2 Social values – Abiding rules – Code of conduct – Cultural values

4.3 Professional ethics – Perception – Commitment – Job satisfaction.

UNIT- V: INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES

5.1 Letter and resume writing - facing job interviews – Characteristics of the job interview –

5.2 Pre-interview preparation techniques – Developing the interview file (External exercise).


II BEHAVIOURAL

DEVELOPMENT SKILLS Soft skill 15 2

32

Reference Books:

1. Monippally, Matthukutty. M, 2001, “Business Communication Strategies”, 11th

Reprint, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

2. Sasikumar.V and P.V. Dhamija, 1993, “Spoken English: A Self-Learning Guide to

Conversation Practice”, 34th Reprint, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

3. Swets, Paul. W, 1983, “The Art of Talking So That People Will Listen: Getting Through

To Family”, Friends and Business Associates, Prentice Hall Press, New York.

4. Hewings, Martin, 1999, “Advanced English Grammar: A Self-Study Reference and

Practice Book for South Asian Students”, 2003, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi

5. Lewis, Norman, 1991, “Word Power Made Easy”, Pocket Books. Hall and Shepherd, “The Anti-

Grammar Grammar Book: Discovery Activities for Grammar Teaching”, Longman.

6. Aswathappa. K, “Organisational Behaviour”, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

7. Rao. V. S. P, “Human Resource Management”, 2nd Edition, Excell Books, New Delhi.


I & II INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB – I Core Practical 45 2

Objectives:

To understand the basic principles of various techniques involved in qualitative analysis

and preparation of various inorganic complexes.

A. Semi micro qualitative analysis of mixture containing two common and two rare cations.

The rare cations to be included : W, Ti, Te, Se, Ce, Th, Zr, V, Li, Mo

B. Preparation of the following

Potassium tris (oxalato) aluminate (III) trihydrate

Tris (thiourea) copper (I) chloride

Potassium tris (oxalato) chromate (III) trihydrate

Sodium bi (thiosulphato) cuprate (I)

Tris (thiourea) copper (I) sulphate

Sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III)

Chloro pentammine cobalt (III) chloride

Bis (acetylacetanato) cuprate (II)

Reference Books:

1. V. V. Ramanujam, Inorganic Semimicro Qualitative Analysis; 3rd Ed., The National

Publishing Company, Chennai, 1974.

2 . Vogel’s Text book of Inorganic Qualitative Analysis, 4th Ed, ELBS, London, 1974.

33


I & II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

LAB – I Core practical 45 2

Objectives:

To understand the basic principles of various techniques involved in separation, analysis

and preparation of various organic compounds.

I. Separation and Identification of compounds in a two component mixture and preparation

of their derivatives.

Single Stage Preparations – Any Six from the following

1. Preparation of p-nitro benzoic acid from p-nitro toluene

2. Preparation of benzhydrol from benzophenone

3. Preparation of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrocarbazole from cyclohexanone

4. Preparation of p-chloro toluene from p-toludine

5. Preparation of Methyl Orange from Sulphanilic acid.

6. Preparation of Methyl β-naphthyl ether from β-naphthol

7. Preparation of β-Glucose penta acetate from Glucose

8. Preparation of S-Benzylisothiouronium chloride from benzyl chloride

9. Preparation of Diethyl oxalate from oxalic acid

10. Preparation of Salicylic acid from methyl salicylate.

Reference Books:

1. N.S. Gnanapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic chemistry - Lab manual, S

Viswanathan Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1998.

2. J.N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor, Advanced Experimental Chemistry (Organic), S. Chand and Co., 1987.

3. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical organic chemistry, 401 edition, ELBS 1984


I & II PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

LAB – I Core Practical 45 2

Objectives:

To understand the basic principles of various techniques involved in electrical and non-

electrical experiments based on the concepts of physical chemistry.

34

ELECTRICAL EXPRIMENTS

Conductance measurements

1. Determination of cell constant

2. Determination of equivalent conductance of a strong electrolyte and verification of Debye

- Huckel - Onsager Equation

3. Verification of Ostwald’s Dilution law for a weak electrolyte and dissociation constant

of weak acid.

4. Solubility product of sparingly soluble silver salts

5. Study the kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide by conductance

Measurements.

Conductometric Titrations

6. Strong acid versus Strong base

7. Weak acid versus Strong base

8. Coppersulphate versus sodium hydroxide

9. Mixture of HCl and CH3COOH versus Sodium hydroxide

10. Ammonium chloride versus Sodium hydroxide

11. Precipitation titrations -mixture of halides

12. Mixture of HCl and CuSO4 versus Sodium hydroxide

NON-ELECTRICAL EXPRIMENTS

Thermodynamics & Chemical kinetics

13. Determination of heat of solution of a given substance from solubility.

14. Determination of molecular weight of substances by Rast method.

15. Determination of Critical Solution Temperature (CST) of phenol-water system and effect

of impurity on CST.

16. Study of kinetics of the reaction between acetone and iodine in acidic medium by

Half-life method.

17. Study of kinetics of the reaction between potassium persulphate and potassium iodide.

18. Determination of equilibrium constant for the reaction between Iodine and Iodide ion in

Aqueous solution

19. Adsorption - Oxalic acid/Acetic acid on charcoal using Freundlich isotherm.

Reference Books:

1. J.N. Gurthu and R. Kapoor, Advanced Experimental Chemistry, S. Chand and Co., 1987.

2. Sundaram, Krishnan, Raghavan, Practical Chemistry (Part II), S. Viswanathan Co. Pvt., 1996.

3. David P. Shoemaker, Carl W. Garland, Joseph W. Nibler, Experiments in Physical

Chemistry, 5th Edi, McGraw- Hill Book Company, 1989.

35


III INORGANIC

CHEMISTRY – III CORE 90 4

Objectives:

To learn the detail study of synthetic organometallic complexes and their reactivity.

To learn about term symbols and energy level diagram of weak and strong field ligands,

Charge transfer spectra and spectral properties of lanthanides and actinides.

To understand the lanthanides and actinides from various aspects

To know the analytical techniques principles and instrumentation

To learn the role elements in biological systems and its significances

Expected outcomes

At the end of the course the learners should able to

Synthesize the organo metallic complexes which are very useful in the modern era.

Evaluating the value of Dq and B values with the help of Orgel diagrams

To understand the concepts of Analytical techniques & Bio-organic chemistry.

To understand the usefulness of Lanthanides and Actinides though it is a radioactive element.

UNIT-I: ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY-I

1.1 Types of organometallic compounds on the basis of the nature of M-C bond.

Determination of oxidation state, configuration, coordination number of the metal

centre – Types and application 18e- / 16e- rules.

1.2 Carbonyls – isolated concept - Structure of carbonlys (simple and polynuclear)-

Nitrosyls – bridging and terminal nitrosyls, bent and linear nitorsyls. Dinitrogen

compounds donors – Alkyl and Aryl – preparation and properties; chain carbon donors

– olefins, acetylene and allyl complexes

1.3 Synthesis, structure and bonding; cyclic carbon donors – (metallocene) – synthesis,

structure and bonding.

1.4 Important types of reactions of organometallic compounds – substitution –

electrophilic and nucleophilic attack on ligands; carbonylation and decarbonylation;

oxidative addition and reductive elimination, insertion and deinsertion(elimination).

UNIT-II: ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF COMPLEXES

2.1 Spectroscopic term symbols for dn ions – derivation of term symbols and ground state

term symbol, Hund’s rule, Selection rules – breakdown of selection rules, spin orbit

36

coupling, band intensities, weak and strong field limits – correlation diagram, Energy

level diagrams.

2.2 Orgel diagram for weak field Oh and Td complexes – Splitting of energy level due to

Jahn-Teller distortion. Modified orgel diagram – Limitiations of orgel diagram

Tanabe–Sugano(T-S) diagrams

2.3 Evaluation of Dq and B values for d2–d8 complexes charge transfer spectra.

Complications in band classification between Lf (d-d) and CT bands.

2.4 Comparison between d-d bands and CT bands

UNIT-III: CHEMISTRY OF LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES

3.1 General properties of lanthanides and actinides - lanthanide contraction-Consequences

of lanthanide contraction. Spectral and magnetic properties of the compounds of

lanthanides. Lanthanides shift reagents.

3.2 Actinides - actinide contraction- Spectral and Magnetic properties of Actinides.

Extraction of Th and U- Technical production of Pu - Comparison between

Lanthanides and Actinides,

3.3 Lanthanides and Actinides- Spectral properties and Problems

UNIT-IV: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

4.2 Electrochemical sensors- ion sensitive electrodes- glass membrane electrodes, solid

liquid membrane electrodes - Ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs) – Sensors

for the analysis of gases in solution.

4.3 Amperometric gas sensors – Amperometric titrations: Principles - techniques –

applications. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy – Spectral hole burning – flow

cytometry.

UNIT-V: BIO-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

5.1 Metalloporphyrins - Chlorophyll and Cytochromes P-450 - Oxygen Carriers-

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin-Bohr effect.

5.2 Iron-Sulphur Proteins - Ferridoxin and Ruberedoxin. Metal containing Vitamins -

Vitamin B12 and coenzymes-structural features-chemistry of cobalamins - special

characteristics of B12 coenzyme.

5.3 Nitrogen fixation- thermodynamic and kinetic aspects – dinitrogen complexes and

activation of dinitrogen –Nitrogenase(N2-ase) – Cis-platin.

Text Books:

1. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter and R.L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry-Principles of

Structure and reactivity, 4th edition, Pearson-Education, 2002.

37

2. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, 1988.

3. S.F.A. Kettle, Co-ordination compounds, ELBS, 1973.

4. Purcell, K. F., Kotz, J. C., Inorganic Chemistry; Saunders: Philadelphia, 1976.

Reference Books:

1. H.J. Emelius and Sharpe, Modern aspects of Inorganic chemistry, Universal book

Stall, New Delhi, 1989.

2. S.J. Lippard and Berg, Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Univ. Science Books, 1994.

3. D. F. Shriver, P. W. Atkins and C.H. Longford, Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS, 2nd Edn, 1994.


III ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III Core 90 4

Objectives:

To understand the basic aspects of NMR spectroscopy and NMR spectra of simple

organic molecules.

To understand, UV and IR spectra of organic compounds.

To understand mass spectral cleavage pattern of organic compounds.

To understand the structural elucidation of organic compounds using UV, IR, NMR

and Mass Spectral data.

To understand the retrosynthetic metholody for the synthesis of organic compounds.

Expected outcomes

To enable the students to correlate the UV absorption values as well as IR stretching

frequencies of organic compounds with their functional groups.

To enable the students to interpret the 1H as well as 13C NMR spectra of organic

compounds with individual nuclei (protons/carbons).

To enable the students to determine the structure of simple organic compounds from

UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectral data.

To enable the students to usage of retrosynthetic metholody for the synthesis of

organic compounds.

UNIT-I: UV AND IR SPECTRA OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1.1 Electronic absorption: Beer-Lamberts law, Types of electronic excitation.

Chromophore and Auxochrome -Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shift. uv-vis

Spectra of simple organic compounds such as alkenes, phenols, anilines, carbonyl

compounds and 1,3-diketones.

38

1.2 Woodward-Fieser rule for Acyclic, dienes, trienes and α, β- unsaturated carbonyl

compounds.

1.3 Infrared Spectra: Identification of functional groups in Organic Compounds, Finger

print region. Inter and Intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. Various factors affecting

IR stretching frequencies, Applications of IR spectra for simple molecules.

UNIT-II: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

2.1 Origin of NMR spectrum-Nuclear spin states–NMR active nuclei–Nuclear magnetic

moment –Larmor equation–Absorption of energy and Resonance–Population density

of nuclear spin states.

2.2 Saturation phenomena–Relaxation mechanisms-Chemical shift-Standards in NMR–

Shielding and Deshielding–Factors affecting chemical shift–electronegativity,

hybridization, hydrogen bonding-anisotropic effect–double bond, triple bond,

aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds and annulenes.

2.3 Spin-spin coupling–splitting origin and rules–factors affecting coupling constant:

Cis, trans, gem, ortho, meta, para coupling–exchange with deuterium. Vicinity of

the proton, Long range coupling,

2.4 13C NMR–difficulties in recording 13C NMR: Homo nuclear and heteronuclear

coupling. Off Resonance decoupled spectrum identification of various types of

carbon (functional groups) using 13C NMR. Origin of 13C satellite peaks.

UNIT-III: MASS SPECTROMETRY

3.1 Origin, basics and bloc diagram of Mass spectrum-Various types of Ionization

Techniques - Stability of Molecular ions, Meta stable ions.

Base peaks and Isotope peaks

3.2 Fragmentation patterns of organic molecules such as benzenes, phenyl halides,

phenols, benzyl alcohols, benzyl halides, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic as well as

Aromatic aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and amides.

3.3 Fragmentation patterns of aliphatic/aromatic nitro and amine compounds.

Fragmentation patterns of heterocyclic compounds (furan, pyrrole and pyridine).

3.4 McLafferty rearrangement of organic molecules-Nitrogen rule,

3.5 Organic spectral problems using UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectral data.

UNIT-IV: RETROSYNTHETIC METHODOLOGY - I

4.1 Preliminary planning - basic terminology- FGA, FGI, FGR, FGT. Alternative

Synthetic routes, key intermediates, available starting materials, linear synthesis and

Resulting yields of alternative methods- convergent synthesis, order of events.

39

4.2 Synthesis based on umpolung concepts of seebach, control elements – stereospecific

and regiospecific control elements, activating groups.

4.3 Synthesis of monofunctional and bifunctional compounds – Pethidine, Phenacetin,

Penbutolol, Procaine and Sulphadiazine.

UNIT-V: RETROSYNTHETIC METHODOLOGY – II

5.1 C-C and C-X disconnection approach. One group C-C disconnection- alcohols and

Carbonyl compounds, regio-selectivity, alkene synthesis, olefination of carbonyl

Compounds.

5.2 McMurry’s method - use of acetylenes and aliphatic nitro compounds in organic

synthesis. Two group C-C disconnections – Diels-Alder reaction, Michael addition,

Robinson annulation, Stark-enamine reaction.

5.3 One group C-X and two group C-X disconnections, chemo-selectivity, reversal of

polarity, umpoloung cyclization, amine synthesis.

5.4 Functional group inter-conversion involving C=O, -CHO, -OH, -COOH, -NH2,

COOR, -CONHR, -CCl, and –CBr. Protection and deprotection of reactive site.

Alcohols, aldehyde, ketone, acids, amines and phenols.

Text books:

1. William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, Macmillan Education UK, 3rd Ed, 1991.

2. P. S. Kalsi, Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, New Age International

Publishers, 6th Ed, Reprint, 2005.

3. R. S. Macomber, A Complete Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, Wiley, 1998.

4. Jag Mohan, Organic Spectroscopy Principles & Applications, Alpha Science

International Ltd, 2nd Ed, 2004.

5. D. L. Pavia, G. M. Lampman, G. S. Kriz and J. R. Vyvyan, Introduction to

Spectroscopy, 4th Ed, 2009.

Reference books:

2. R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric identification of

Organic compounds, John Wiley, 5th Ed, 1991.

3. R. M. Silverstein, F. X. Webster and D. Kiemle, Spectrometric identification of

Organic compounds, Wiley, 7th Ed, 2005.

4. William Kemp, NMR in Chemistry: A Multinuclear Introduction, MacMillan,

1988.

5. Jerry March, Advanced organic chemistry-reactions, mechanisms and structure, IV Edn.,

John Wiley and sons, 1992.

6. ES Gould, Mech and structure in organic chemistry, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc.,1959.

40

7. W. Carruther, Modern methods of organic synthesis. F.A Carey and R.J Sundberg (Ed IV),

Part B- Advanced organic chemistry, Klower academic pub 2000.

8. H.O. House, synthetic organic chemistry, S.H Pine, J.B Hendrickson, D.J Cram and G.S.

Hammond, organic chemistry, IV Edn, McGraw-Hill company 1980.

Objectives:

To learn the principles, instrumentation, interpretation and applications of

microwave, IR and Raman spectroscopy.

To learn the quantitative determination of polymers by different methods.

Expected Outcome


Understand the principles, instrumentation, interpretation and applications of micro

wave, IR and Raman spectroscopy.

To understand the concept of classification and weight determination of polymers.

UNIT-I: SPECTROSCOPY-I

1.1 Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter – basis for selection rules –

factors affecting width and intensity of spectral lines

1.2 Rotational Spectroscopy- Rigid and non-rigid rotor - diatomic and triatomic

molecules - effect of isotopic substitution. Rotational energy in terms of molecular

parameters - line spacing in terms of Rotational constant ‘B’ - Calculation of bond

length.

1.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy-Harmonic and Anharmonic oscillator - vibrational

frequency, force constant.

1.4 Condition for IR activity - vibrational and rotational spectra of diatomic molecules -

effect of isotopic substitution - Origin of P, Q and R branches.

1.5 Vibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules-vibrational coupling overtones,

combination bonds and Fermi resonance.

UNIT-II: SPECTROSCOPY-II

2.1 Raman spectroscopy: criteria for a molecule to be Raman active - Rayleigh and

Raman scattering - anisotropic polarizability, Stokes and anti-stokes lines.


III PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY - III CORE 90 4

41

2.2 Rotational Raman spectra – linear molecules, symmetric top and spherical top

molecules- origin of P, Q, R and S branches.

2.3 Vibrational Raman spectra: mutual exclusion principle - rotation vibration Raman

spectra of diatomic molecules.

2.4 Electronic spectroscopy: Types of Electronic transitions – Frank-Condon principle –

intensity of electronic transition, vibrionic coupling - dissociation, pre-dissociation

and continuum of the spectrum - Electronic spectrum of poly atomic molecules.

UNIT-III: SPECTROSCOPY -III

3.1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy: Angular and magnetic motions of

nucleus Larmor frequency – population of nuclear spin levels.

3.2. Relaxation processes - relaxation time and its effect on line width.

3.3. Chemical shift; Factors affecting ‘g’ and ‘δ’ values. Spin-spin coupling-coupling

Constant.

3.4. NMR spectrum of simple A-X and AMX type molecules.

3.5. FT NMR and C13 NMR spectroscopy - double resonance spectroscopy.

UNIT-IV: SPECTROSCOPY -IV

4.1. Electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy-theory of EPR,

representation of the spectrum, nuclear hyperfine splitting in isotropic systems.

4.2. EPR spectra of anisotropic systems- anisotropy in g-values, causes of anisotropy,

anisotropy in hyperfine coupling, hyperfine splitting caused by quadrupole nuclei.

4.3. EPR spectra of systems with more than one unpaired electron: Zero field splitting

(ZFS), causes of ZFS, ZFS and EPR transitions.

4.4. Mossbauer spectroscopy: Principle, Chemical isomer shifts, quadrupole splitting,

Zeeman splitting-Applications.

UNIT-V: MACROMOLECULES

5.1. Introduction and classification of polymers – Polymerization in homogeneous and

heterogeneous systems.

5.2. Kinetics of linear stepwise polymerization - addition polymerization - free radical,

cationic and anionic polymerization. Kinetics of co-polymerization. Stereochemistry

and mechanism of polymerization. Coordination Polymerization: Kinetics; mono

and bimetallic mechanism.

5.3. Molecular weight of polymers – Mn, Mw determination – Methods of polymer

molecular weight determination- Osmometry, light scattering, viscometery, ultra-

centrifuge and gel permeation chromatography.

5.4. Properties of polymers; crystallinity, glass transition temperature – factors

influencing transition temperature.

42

5.5. Polymer Degradation: Physical methods used in the study of degradation process –

thermal degradation of polymers, oxidative degradation of polymers, photo

degradation of polymers, antioxidants and stabilizers - biodegradation.

Text Books:

1. G. M. Barrow, Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill, NY, 1988.

2. C. N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill, NY, 1966.

3. D. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, and G.S. Kriz, Intoduction to spectroscopy, 3rd edition.,

John Vondeling, Florida, 2006.

4. W. Kemp, Applications of spectroscopy, ELBS, 1987.

5. R.M. Silverstein and F.X. Webster, Spectroscopic Identification of Organic

Compounds, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003.

Reference Books:

1. J.M. Gowriker -Polymer chemistry

2. S.S. Dara- Text book of engineering chemistry

3. F.M. Billmeyar, Text book of polymer science, Wiley Interscience, 1984.

4. A.Rudin, The elements of polymer science and engineering, An introductory Text for

engineers and chemists, Academic press, New York, 1973.

Semester Subject Title Subject Code Total

Hours Credit

III BIO-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Elective 60 3

Objectives:

To understand clearly about the classification and structural features of

Carbohydrates.

To gain the knowledge of structure, function and biological importance of

carbohydrate derivatives.

To understand the synthesis and structure amino acids and proteins.

To gain the knowledge of vitamins, coenzymes and antibiotics.

Expected Outcome:

Students can able to notify different types and structural properties of

carbohydrates.

To enable the students to understand the structure and biological activities of some

important carbohydrate derivatives.

43

To enable the students to understand the chemistry of amino acids, proteins,

vitamins, coenzymes and antibiotic.

UNIT-I: CHEMISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATES

1.1 Carbohydrates: Definition - Classification of carbohydrates, steroisomerism and

optical isomerism of Sugars, anomeric forms and mutarotation

1.2 Occurrence, structure and biological importance of mono (Glucose and Fructose),

di (Sucrose and Lactose) and polysaccharides (Starch and Cellulose).

1.3 Reactions of carbohydrates due to the presence of hydroxyl group, aldehyde and

ketone groups.

UNIT-II: CHEMISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVES

2.1 Structure, function and biological importances of carbohydrate derivatives: chitin,

pectin, heparin,

2.2 Structure, function and biological importances of carbohydrate derivatives:

proteoglycans, sialic acids, blood group polysaccharides.

2.3 Structure, function and biological importances of carbohydrate derivatives:

Bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, Glycoproteins

UNIT-III: AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS

3.1 Classification and structures of amino acids- Physical and chemical properties of

Amino acids. Essential and non-essential amino acids. Non protein amino acids

3.2 Proteins-Classification based on solubility, shape, composition and function.

Properties of proteins. Denaturation and renaturatton of proteins.

UNIT-IV: STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS

4.1 Protein structure-primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary (helix and pleated

Sheet) structures of protein. Forces stabilizing the secondary, tertiary and quaternary

structures of proteins

4.2 Chemical synthesis of polypeptides-solid phase peptide synthesis. Structure of

peptide bonds - biologically important peptides-structure and functions.

4.3 Determination of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain, specific

chemical and enzymatic cleavage of polypeptide chain.

UNIT-V: VITAMINS AND ANTI-BIOTICS

5.1 Vitamins-Fat soluble and water soluble vitamins-structure and function.

5.2 Enzymes and co-enzymes – structure and functions.

5.3 Antibiotics-Structure and functions of Penicillin, Streptomycin and Chloromycetin.

44

Reference Books:

1. Hermann Dugas: Bioorganic Chemistry-A chemical Approach to Enzyme Action;

3rd Edition.

2. The organic chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, by Richard B.Silverman,

Academic Press, San Diego, 2000, 717 pp.

3. Amino acids, peptides and proteins, by J.S. Davies, Royal Society of Chemistry,

UK, Vol. 35, 2006.

4. Biochemistry, 5th Ed. (Hardcover) by LubertS

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