locomotion and movement skeletal system
TRANSCRIPT
Locomotion And Movement
Classi�cation of Bones
Structure of a Bone
Skeletal System - Functions Bones
Based on Location Based on Shape
Bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon form the Skeletal System.
• Provides shape and framework• Helps in movement and locomotion• Protects delicate organs, like rib cage protects heart and lungs
• Axial Skeleton: skull, rib cage, vertebral column• Appendicular Skeleton: upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdle
Types of Cartilage
• Hyaline: helps surfaces slide over one another, found in respiratory system• Fibro: provides support and strength, found in healing tissue during bone repair• Elastic: maintains shape, found in middle ear
Cartilage• Made up of collagen and elastin fibres• Cartilage contains no blood supply• Chondroblasts: Cells that form cartilage• Chondrocytes: Mature cells of the cartilage• Chondrocytes lie in lacunae in the matrix• Perichondrium: Outer layer of cartilage
Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton
• Each bone tissue is made up of two types of osseous tissue:
compact and spongy
• Compact bone: hard, compact, found
towards the outside of the bone
• Spongy bone: soft, found towards the
centre
• Periosteum: connective tissue found on
the outside of the bone, attaches
muscles and joints
• Endosteum: connective tissue, line the
marrow cavity
• Diaphysis: shaft of a bone, contains
marrow
• Epiphysis: swollen end of a bone
• Epiphyseal line demarcates diaphysis and epiphysis
• Blood cells are produced in marrow
• Osteoblasts form bone matrix and osteocytes are the mature cells of bones
• Osteoclasts: special gigantic cells, help to maintain, repair, remodel bones
• Matrix of a bone made up of organic part and inorganic part (hydroxyapatite)
• Long bones: long, slender, eg. humerus, femur• Short bones: smaller in size, eg. carpals, tarsals• Flat bones: thin and flat but all are not completely flat, eg. scapula, sternum• Irregular bones: no specific shape, eg. vertebrae
• We have 206 bones which forms more than 200 joints in our body• A new born child has 305 bones
Skeletal System
Cartilage
Epiphyseal line
Medullary cavity
Nutrient vessel
Bone marrow
Spongy bone
Diaphysis
Endosteum
Periosteum
Compact bone
Epiphysis