location buddhism started by siddharta gautama found enlightenment under forest trees of the...
TRANSCRIPT
INDIA, SPAIN, PORTUGAL
CHAPTER 10
INDIA
Location
Buddhism Started by Siddharta
Gautama Found enlightenment
under forest trees of the Himmalayas
Four Noble Truths: All of life is suffering; the cause of suffering is desire; the end of desire leads to the end of suffering; the means to end desire is a path of discipline and meditation
Jainism
Attained major status with prince Mahavira
Nearly 4 million followers Way to liberation is to live a life of
nonviolence and renunciation. Animals, plants , and human beings
have living souls and each of these souls has an equal value.
Strict Vegetarians.
Shikhism
Considered to be the youngest of the world religions
Founded by Guru Nanak around 500 years ago.
23 million followers.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jJMckAz0nQ
Zoroastrianism (Parsis) One of the oldest
religions in the world. From Persia (Iran) Most live in Mumbai. Believe existence of
one invisible god. Continuous war
between good forces and evil forces.
Zoroastrianism (Parsis) God is represented
in temples through fire, symbolizes light
Good will win if people do good deeds, thing positively and speak well
Festivals
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNmBhP1LyHg
Indian Cuisine
Integral part of Indian culture Part of weddings, festivals, and day-to-
day living Multiple courses include chutneys, dips,
and desserts
Cell Phones Cell phones become
extremely popular 1900-2000’s
Fastest growing cell phone market
2006, overtook China in the number of new telephone subscribers per month
Call Centers English dedicated
as official language of southern India
Many U.S. corporations outsource customer service because of India’s skill with English
Attractive salaries for young people
Call Centers Work at night in
India when it is daytime in the U.S.
Dual Identity Employee turnover
is high Changed the culture
for young people, more western style
Call Center (Downside) Young people less
likely to follow religious functions
Percieved by peers to have limited education opportunities
Cricket Team sport of 11
players on two teams
Great deal of nationalistic fervor
Introduced to India by the British in 1721
THE SPANISH BULLFIGHT
Ritual of the corrida
PaseilloHierachical march, to the paso doble
CuadrillasBanderillerosPicadoresBanderillas Matador MuletaFinale
History
Minoan culture 2000 BCE Roman circus Moors
An example of the confluence of cultures on the Iberian peninsula
la corrida de toros
History Ritual Pride Individualism and Collectivism Emotionalism
Multiple Cuadrillas
Major waves and successions of people The Romans (200 BCE)
ChristianityInfrastructureCastilianHispania España
The Moors
700 year presence 4,000+ modern Spanish words
Agriculture○ Arroz (al ruzz)○ Aceite (al zait)○ Naranja (naranj)
IrrigationMathematicsMedicine
Moorish Architecture
Ritual of the bullfight Seizure of Granada in 1492
At times out of control (Spanish Inquisition) Religion is still incredibly important
90% Catholic, ½ the population attend mass Still strictly individualistic, with Spanish flair
Personal relationship with God Definite Moorish influence
si Dios quiereojalá
○ Wa sha’ allah
Roman influence - paganism
The drive toward collectivism Spurred by the many invasions Safety and security Strong societal bonds
Social programs Ultimate unit – family, friends, town or
regionWomen’s rolesMen’s roles
Sol y Sombra
Three ticket choices at la corridaSolSombraSol y Sombra
Geographic split
Foreign influences and geographic barriersGallego (Galician)Castellano (Castilian)Vasco (Basque)Catalán (Catalonian)
Flamenco
- Soul and emotion- Individual and collective identity- Every region has its own version
- But every one is still distinctly flamenco
Malagueñas – from Málaga
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTXa6FFnPI0&feature=fvsr
Spanish Culture and Attitude Pride and Spanish individualism produces
a number of outcomes for Spanish culture“Because Spaniards refuse to subordinate
their personal beliefs to a collective goal, and because everyone has to have a say in everything, there is a tendency for nothing ever to get done.”
Gestor work is seen as a means to an end, not an
end to itself
negocios
Negocio – the Spanish term for business, translates as “the negation of leisure”
Children are brought up to enjoy leisure and travel – not to get jobs and be independent
PrideBeing fashionable (like the matadors)Individualistic, with a respect of hierarchy
○ paseillo
haciendo negocios Improvements since Franco
1986 joined EUWomen now make up half of university enrollment
Working hoursThe withering tradition of siesta
○ 9-1 & 3-8
Relationships Pride and individualism Patience for mañana
- Three important elements- Cara - Individualism- Uncertainty avoidance
- Two sided card (present to receptionist also)
- Multiple names- Patriarchal - Father’s first surname (usually on
its own)- Mother’s first surname
- Be on time- Respect hierarchy- Form relationships first!!!
- Meals and public spaces- Know your facts and demonstrate order- Be modest – do not be overly assertive
Long live the Matador!
PORTUGAL
Portugal
Demographics
Size: 92,090 sq km Nationality: Portuguese Language: Portuguese Population: 10,781,459
Government
Government: Parliamentary DemocracyChief of State: President Anibal Cavaco
Silva
Head of government: Prime Minister Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho
Economy
Member of NATO and EU GDP fell again in 2011 Lack of foreign investment
Portuguese Bullfight
Portuguese Bull Fighting Cultural Characteristics:
Pride in TraditionsStratification Amid UnityArtistry and Human GoreProfitless Bravery
Pride in Traditions
Traditional attire Community and Church
97% are Catholic Role of People
MenWomenSociety as a whole
Stratification Amid Unity
Critical that the group is successful Importance of family
ClosenessLunch (family and work)Socializing with others
Artistry and Human Gore
ArtCeramics and tilesArchitecture
Bullfight as an art form Spanish vs. Portuguese bull fighting
Profitless Bravery
No profit Saving face
Conducting Business
Bribery is common Critical to develop relationships Detail oriented Importance of duplication Stubborn but persistent Globalization
References
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
MEASURING INDUSTRY
DRIVERS
Measuring Industry Globalization Drivers
Four types of industry globalization drivers: Market Cost Government Competitive
Measures vary, but most can be quantified.
Market globalization driversRequires both qualitative and quantitative
estimates. Common customer needs Global customers and channels Transferable marketing Lead countries
Cost globalization driversEarliest and most difficult to measure. Global economies of scale and scope Steep experience effects Sourcing efficiencies Favorable logistics Differences in country costs High product development cost Fast-changing technology
Government globalization drivers
Good understanding of worldwide trade and other government policies required.
Favorable trade policies—tariffs, subsidies, and nontariff barriers
Compatible technical standards Common marketing regulations Government-owned competitors and
customers
Competitive globalization drivers
Requires an effective global competitive intelligence system.
High exports and imports Competitors from different continents Interdependent countries Globalized competitors Transferable competitive advantage
STRATEGY LEVERS
Measuring Global Strategy Levers Comparative Measurement Measurement of Competitors Comparing measurements for multiple
businesses
Global Market Participation Global Market Share Global Strategic Market Share Global Share Balance
Market Presence
Number of selling countriesKrispy Kreme is in 20 countries besides the
US Global Coverage
Global Products and Services Mix standardization
Original glazed is 100% standardizedOther types having varying percentages
Content standardizationFairly low percentage is
nonstandard (only the
toppings and glaze is
customized)
Global Location of Activities Concentration of individual Concentration of entire value chain
Global Marketing
Marketing intensity in different regions Uniformity of marketing Overall marketing uniformity
Only started advertising in 2006
Global Competitive Moves Cross-area subsidization Counterparry Globally coordinated sequence of
moves
Global Competitive Moves Targeting of global competitors Developing competitor plans Preemptive use of global strategy
ORGANIZATION FACTORS
Measuring Global Organization
Measuring global organization is very specific due to every organization being unique.
To better understand a company’s global organization, there are specific elements to help to measure it.
Measures of Global Organization There are many elements which
determine global organization.
1) Organization Structure 2) Management Processes 3) People 4) Culture
Organization Structure
One global head International division Functional line heads Functional line staff heads Strength of business dimension
Management Processes
Global strategic information system Cross-country coordination Global knowledge sharing Global budgeting Global customer management Global performance review and
compensation
People
Foreign nationals in home country Home country nationals in other
countries Foreign nationals in other countries Global boards of directors
Culture
Global Culture Interdependent culture
REGIONAL FACTORS
Measuring Regional Focus EU Iberian Peninsula
Luxottica Headquarters
Milan Italy
4 Measurements of Regional Focus Market Cost Government Competitive
Luxottica
Iberian Peninsula Luxottica Iberica Sa
EU Market
Italy, Belgium, Germany, Spain Portugal, France, Turkey, Finland, Norway, Spain, Israel, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, Sweden, UK, Austria, Greece ….