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Local & regional risk assessment of endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment
EU risk assessment - Lead metal and lead compounds
title
EU risk assessment - Lead metal and lead compoundstitle
European Union Risk Assessment Report
Lead metal
CAS No: 7439-92-1
EINECS No: [click here to insert EINECS No.]
Lead oxide
CAS No: 1317-36-8
EINECS No: [click here to insert EINECS No.]
Lead tetroxide
CAS No: 1314-41-6
EINECS No: [click here to insert EINECS No.]
Lead stabiliser compounds
Dibasic lead phthalate (CAS No: 69011-06-9)
Basic lead sulphate (CAS No: 12036-76-9)
Tribasic lead sulphate (CAS No: 12202-17-4)
Tetrabasic lead sulphate (CAS No: 12065-90-6)
Neutral lead stearate (CAS No: 1072-35-1)
Dibasic lead stearate (CAS No: 12578-12-0)
Dibasic lead phosphite (CAS No: 12141-20-7)
Polybasic lead fumarate (CAS No: 90268-59-0)
Basic lead carbonate (CAS No: 1319-46-6)
Basic lead sulphite (CAS No: 62229-08-7)
EINECS No: [click here to insert EINECS No.]
VOLUNTARY Risk Assessment
Lead Development Association International
Lead metal
CAS No: 7439-92-1
lead oxide
CAS No: 1317-36-8
Lead tetroxide
CAS No: 1314-41-6
lead stabiliser compounds
Dibasic lead phthalate (CAS No: 69011-06-9)
Basic lead sulphate (CAS No: 12036-76-9)
Tribasic lead sulphate (CAS No: 12202-17-4)
Tetrabasic lead sulphate (CAS No: 12065-90-6)
Neutral lead stearate (CAS No: 1072-35-1)
Dibasic lead stearate (CAS No: 12578-12-0)
Dibasic lead phosphite (CAS No: 12141-20-7)
Polybasic lead fumarate (CAS No: 90268-59-0)
Basic lead carbonate (CAS No: 1319-46-6)
Basic lead sulphite (CAS No: 62229-08-7)
EINECS No: [click here to insert EINECS No.]
Environmental Risk Assessment
Appendices to the Exposure assessment
Draft of April 2008
This report has been prepared by EURAS, ECOLAS and KUL under contract to the LDAI Lead Risk Assessment Working Group.
Forward
In response to a request from the European Commission to start preparing the initial
assessments for substances on the EU working list as these were considered as Community priorities in the context of the industry voluntary initiatives for high production volume chemicals the lead industry committed to undertake a Voluntary Risk Assessment (VRA) for lead metal, lead monoxide, lead tetraoxide, poly-basic lead fumerate, basic lead sulphate, basic lead carbonate, tetrabasic lead sulphate, dibasic lead phosphite, dibasic lead stearate, neutral lead stearate, dibasic lead phthalate, tetrabasic lead sulphate and basic lead sulphite. This initiative was endorsed by the EU Competent Authorities in 2001. Yearly summaries on progress were presented at the CA meetings.
This comprehensive VRA dossier took four years to draft before being submitted to the EUs Technical Committee on New and Existing Substances (TCNES) for review, with the whole process managed by the Lead Development Association International. It was compiled in co-operation with expert consultants from EBRC and the International Lead Zinc Research Orgainisation for human health and from EURAS, ECOLAS and the Catholic University if Leuven for the environment. It is based on the principles of Regulation 793/93, 1488/94 and the detailed methodology laid down in the revised Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment for New and Existing Substances. Methodological experiences gained through other metal Risk Assessments were incorporated as appropriate. Additional up to date scientific information was integrated into the assessment where scientifically relevant. A broad cross section of the European lead industry and its downstream users were fully involved in the process and submitted a significant amount of proprietary data.
To ensure the transparency and quality of the dossier submitted to TCNES, the initial draft RA reports were refined by incorporating inputs from the Reviewing Country (Netherlands) and the independent peer review panels.
A single dossier covers the assessments for lead metal and the lead compounds, with
substance specific aspects provided where relevant. For the base data compilation, extensive literature searches were performed for each substance. Data gaps were filled with analogous data, where relevant, or by additional testing where possible. Where the information was either unnecessary for the lead risk assessment, or impossible to obtain, waiving for testing and/or justification to support derogation is discussed. Some remaining data gaps were identified and will be tackled as a follow-up to this report.
The draft risk assessment report was reviewed by TCNES between 2005 and 2008 and, based on the comments received, the report was significantly amended. Separate TCNES Opinions on the health and environmental parts of the report were prepared by the ECB and endorsed by TCNES. These Opinions summarise the views of TCNES on this report.
This Draft Risk Assessment Report and its appendices (the Report) is the property of the member companies of the Lead Reach Consortium companies. A full list of those companies is available upon request from the Lead Development Association International.
This Report is protected by the laws of copyrights in England and Wales, European Community Law, the Berne Convention the Universal Copyright Convention and other relevant international copyright.
Industries/companies or any other legal entity wishing to use all or any part of this Report and/or their appendices, for any purpose (including without limitation any regulatory purpose such as for EU REACH registrations) MAY NOT DO SO without having previously contacted the Lead Development Association International (acting as secretariat for the Lead Reach Consortium) and agreed in writing appropriate terms of access and paid the appropriate licence fee.
In order to avoid possible misinterpretations or misuse of the findings in this draft, anyone wishing to cite or quote any part of this report, or use its related appendices, is advised to contact Lead Development Association International beforehand.
Contact details of the responsible:
Dr Andy Bush, Lead Development Association International, 17a Welbeck Way, London, W1G 9YJ, United Kingdom. Tel +44 (0) 207 499 8422, email [email protected]
CONTENTS
5APPENDIX ATargeted risk assessment of lead in ammunition
128Appendix C Background report Pb emission inventory draft 02/2007 - ECOLAS
270Appendix fAdded risk approach. Derivation of local exposure values
282Appendix gUse of measured agricultural soil concentrations for different European countries as regional background for PEClocal soil determination
282Additional scenario next to the use of forest soil concentrations (natural soil) as regional background
APPENDIX ATargeted risk assessment of lead in ammunition
November 2007
This report has been prepared by EURAS, ECOLAS and D Peddicord under contract to AFEMS
Principal authors:
Kortrijksesteenweg 302
B-9000 Gent, Belgium
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 32 9 241 77 50
Fax: 32 9 241 77 02
http://www.euras.be
Kortrijksesteenweg 302
B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Scientific expertise:
Frederik Verdonck, Marleen Vandenbroele, Patrick Van Sprang
EURAS bvba
Kortrijksesteenweg 302
B-9000 Gent
Belgium
Tel.: ++32 9 241 77 45
Fax: ++32 9 241 77 02
Annick Van Hyfte & Karen Callebaut
ECOLAS NV
Kortrijksesteenweg 302
B-9000 Gent
Belgium
Tel: ++ 32 9 241 77 28
Fax: ++ 32 9 241 77 01
Richard K. "Dick" PeddicordDick Peddicord & Company, Inc.1115 Cooper's Landing RoadHeathsville VA 22473
USATel: +1 804 580-3320
Fax: +1 804 580-3360http://[email protected]
Lead Development Association International
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from the author. This copyright is protected under the law of England and Wales, European Community Law, the Berne Copyright Convention, the Universal Copyright Convention and other relevant international copyright law.
Table of contents
1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................6
2. Use pattern.....................................................................................................................................11
2.1. Outdoor pistol/rifle ranges.................................................................................................................................................13
2.2. Clay target shooting ranges (trap and skeet) ......................................................................................................................14
2.3. Outdoor pistol/rifle and clay target areas (trap and skeet) .................................................................................................16
2.4. Sporting clay ranges........................................................................................................................................