local limits to attract & keep jobs mwea biosolids & ipp … bond re local limits to attract...
TRANSCRIPT
LOCAL LIMITS TO ATTRACT & KEEP JOBS
MWEA Biosolids & IPP Joint Conference
Presented by
Richard Grant, P.E.
Carey Bond, P.E.
September 27, 2011
PROPOSED AGENDA
A Better Process for Regulation via Local Limits
Provide Protection for all Public Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) facilities … while
Providing for Industrial & Commercial Needs
PROTECT THE POTW
Provide Protection for all POTW facilities
… COLLECTION AND TREATMENT FACILITIES
1)Determine Pollutants of Concern POCs
2)Collect & Analyze Data
3)Calculate MAHL for each POC
4)Designate & implement the Local Limits
5)Address collection system concerns
LOCAL LIMITS TO KEEP/ATTRACT
JOBS Strike a balance between IPP/Biosolids Compliance
and the Community‟s objectives: JOBS
How do we develop CONFIDENCE in the capacity that
can be offered to industry?
Local Limits Process
Maximum Allowable Headworks Loading (MAHL) Evaluation
Local Limits – with Tiered Allocation
LOCAL LIMITS TO KEEP/ATTRACT
JOBS The Carrot
Mobilize … Your POTW‟s Available Capacity
Currently „hidden‟ with uniform allocation
Re-allocate the „hidden‟ capacity
Everybody gets what they need … but no more
The Stick
New industry also brings new issues
NOVs vs Verbal/pre-emptive warning(s), meetings
Publication of SNC
Elevated enforcement actions
LOCAL LIMITS PROCESS
First Step: Maximum Allowable Headworks Loading
(MAHL) Evaluation
Determine your POTW‟s capacity
15+ parameters (metals, BOD, TSS, ammonia, phos?)
Determine capacity currently used by existing customers
Should be re-evaluated every 4-5 years (permit cycle)
MAHL looks at protecting the POTW from pass-
through, interference & biosolids contamination
“NPDES” Effluent Limits
Rarely Restrictive for Metals
Interference
Pass Through
Industries/Commercial Discharges
NOT Largely Affecting Phosphorus
NOT Affecting MPN Coliforms
Pass- Through Protection?
Metals (e.g. Ni, Cu, CN, Ag)
BOD/TSS Slug Loading (foaming)
“Stuck Digester” pH
UNIFORM
CONCENTRATION
LIMIT
LOWER-FLOW IUs
CONCENTRATION LIMIT
If APPLIED If APPLIED
mg/l mg/l LIMITING CRITERIA
Ag 0.148 Ag 0.54 Ag Digstn Inhib:
As 0.015 As 0.01 As SLDG Dispsl:
Cd 0.011 Cd 0.03 Cd SLDG Dispsl:
CN 0.055 CN 0.13 CN Digstn Inhib:
Cr 0.919 Cr 3.48 Cr SLDG Dispsl:
Cr6 0.232 Cr6 0.91 Cr6 NPDES #:
Cu 0.233 Cu 0.17 Cu Digstn Inhib:
Hg 0.0050 Hg 0.02 Hg SLDG Dispsl:
Hg-wv 0.0002 Hg-wv 0.00 Hg-wv NPDES #:
Mo 0.132 Mo 0.16 Mo SLDG Dispsl:
Ni 0.163 Ni 0.11 Ni Digstn Inhib:
Pb 0.277 Pb 1.05 Pb SLDG Dispsl:
Se 0.017 Se 0.01144 Se SLDG Dispsl:
Zn 1.763 Zn 2.85 Zn SLDG Dispsl:
INTERFERENCE?E.G. DIGESTION INHIBITION
Land Appliation Limits - Frequently Restrictive
Metals: Max. & Cumulative Loadings
Phosphorus: Max. & Cumulative Loadings
BIOSOLIDS CONTAMINATION?
LOCAL LIMITS PROCESS
Second Step: Allocation of MAHL and Local Limits
Don‟t waste the capacity!
Wasted capacity occurs with Uniform Allocation
e.g. Why give every user the same limit for arsenic? For Zinc? etc
Give capacity to only those who need it:
Consider using EPA Process for Tiered Local Limits
Consider using dynamic process modeling
Work with existing and potential industrial and commercial customers to determine their needs
Consider mass based limits
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL NEEDS
Providing for Industrial & Commercial Needs
Food Processors: BOD5, COD, TSS, Zn, As!
Manufacturing Examples: Zn, Cu, FOG
Pharmaceuticals: BOD, TSS, Zn, Cu
Metal Finishers: Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn
Byproducts: FOG, Zn, COD
Recyclers: FOG, BOD, TSS
Laundries: FOG, TSS
Restaurants: FOG
CONSIDER ALSO COLLECTION SYSTEM EFFECTS
CAPACITY=CARROT…ATTRACT/KEEP INDUSTRY
Permits vs Agreements
How capacity is allocated
BOD/TSS agreements are common for assured capacity
Metals/toxics permit allocation is typical
Allocation is a negotiation process; Once Issued,
Permits are not negotiable
Combined Waste formula, combined capacity from
domestic & industrial
Where it makes sense (e.g. older plants)
A Permit indicating agreement?
Consider adding a signature page for industry “we
agree… “ or “we concur”
MOBILIZE HIDDEN CAPACITY
Historically, POTWs have had ample capacity …
left unused due to UAL method
Examples of unused „left-overs‟
The resident needs a little zinc for dandruff shampoo
… but not for residential electroplating/galvanizing
The food processor needs (unusual) micronutrients,
BOD, TSS … but not copper, nickel or chrome
Why not take the actual needs into account?
TIERED ALLOCATION OF MAHL
Organized by LEAST capability of pollutant control:
Example:
Tier 1 – Residential/small commercial
Tier 2 – Commercial, Large flow/low strength
Tier 3 – Septage or hauled waste
Tier 4 – Low flow/higher strength, industrial,
Categorical industries
MOBILIZE HIDDEN CAPACITY Tiered LLs; identifies both local limits required to
protect environment and hidden, unused
capacities
MOBILIZE HIDDEN CAPACITY A Close Look at Your POTW …
Each POTW is unique for many reasons
MOBILIZE HIDDEN CAPACITY
A Close Look at Your POTW …
Everyone wants a “piece of the pie”
Example for Zinc
9%
16%
3%
14%
8%
50%
Zinc Allocation for Anytown, MI
City Domestic
City Non-Domestic
(Commercial)
Existing SIU
Non-City Customers in
Service Area
Reserve Amount
Leftovers for Future IUs
Comparison of Tiered Local Limits at various Septage Flowrates
0 gpd Septage 12,000 gpd Septage 48,000 gpd Septage 120,000 gpd Septage
TIER 4 LL TIER 4 LL TIER 4 LL TIER 4 LL
Ag 3.62 Ag 3.66 Ag 3.77 Ag 4.0
As 0.226 As 0.222 As 0.209 As 0.180
Cd 0.18 Cd 0.18 Cd 0.18 Cd 0.18
CN 2.07 CN 2.09 CN 2.17 CN 2.34
Cr 21.4 Cr 21.6 Cr 22.3 Cr 23.9
Cu 6.29 Cu 5.87 Cu 4.56 Cu 1.61
Hg 0.0002 Hg 0.0002 Hg 0.0002 Hg 0.0002
Mo 3.8 Mo 3.8 Mo 3.7 Mo 3.63
Ni 2.91 Ni 2.90 Ni 2.86 Ni 2.78
Pb 1.57 Pb 1.51 Pb 1.33 Pb 0.91
Se 0.22 Se 0.21 Se 0.20 Se 0.16
Zn 10.1 Zn 9.8 Zn 8.9 Zn 6.8
12,000 gpd Septage 48,000 gpd Septage 120,000 gpd Septage
UNIFORM Alloc'n UNIFORM Alloc'n UNIFORM Alloc'n
Ag 1.939 Ag 1.939 Ag 1.939
As 0.129 As 0.129 As 0.129
Cd 0.090 Cd 0.090 Cd 0.090
CN 0.972 CN 0.972 CN 0.972
Cr 10.03 Cr 10.03 Cr 10.03
Cu 3.044 Cu 3.044 Cu 3.044
Hg 0.0002 Hg 0.0002 Hg 0.0002
Mo 1.74 Mo 1.74 Mo 1.74
Ni 1.38 Ni 1.38 Ni 1.38
Pb 0.794 Pb 0.794 Pb 0.794
Se 0.152 Se 0.15 Se 0.15
Zn 5.943 Zn 5.943 Zn 5.94
NEW MAHL CALCULATIONS - METALS
JOBS: WHY HERE & HOW...
Big Industry2012 is looking for 100% compliance
with discharge and environmental permits
Global companies need global collaboration and
confidence in day-to-day operations (ISO certification)
Reputation
Why should an industry invest in YOUR
community?
Reliable, scientifically-based, demonstrated capacity
that is available for their use
Fair & equitable allocation of capacity
JOBS: WHY HERE & HOW...
Capacity may be allocated by permit, and
Longer-term Service Capacity Agreement
Industry-friendly approach
Shift in thinking – the “Carrot” and the “Stick”
Risk assessment – „reserve increases w noncompl.‟
Longer term capacity agreements help pay for
operations and improvements
Protect your town from untimely industrial
relocations
CASE STUDIES: DAVENPORT, IA
Initial Local Limits and MAHL were challenged
Uniform Allocation produced VERY low limits
MAHL assumptions refuted & edited
Utilized Tiered Allocation:
“New Capacity” mobilized
New Local Limits were achievable
Win-win solution identified for the POTW and
Industrial Consortium
CASE STUDIES: OSCODA TWP, MI
MAHL evaluation for Septage Receiving
Tiered Allocation for septage metals including
lead, copper, zinc
Acceptable septage volume identified
Developed a Business Model to identify correct
septage charge
Evaluated septage receiving competition
Village could not compete with the Big Tank solution
nearby, halted a $1 million capital expenditure that
would have been a losing proposition
CASE STUDIES: BERLIN TWP, MI
Landfill leachate acceptance evaluation
Metals MAHL indicated leachate could be
accepted
Utilized process modeling to identify
improvements necessary to accept high ammonia
wastewater for an ammonia sensitive outfall
CASE STUDIES: BLOOMINGDALE, MI
Local fruit processor – ready to leave town
High BOD wastewater
Highly seasonal
Service Capacity Agreement was developed
Win-win solution with capital buy-in for industrial
service capacity
New capacity mobilized using MBBR
BOD service capacity allocated to allow for
seasonal component
CASE STUDIES: PLAINWELL, MI MAHL evaluation conducted in 2010/2011
Identified higher industrial limits for 7 of 14
metals, ranging from 2.6-63x higher than
previous local limits
Developed sulfide local limits to protect POTW
Previous Local Limits/Problems
Mill discharged slug of paper whitener
Past toxicity event from metal finisher – too much
nickel killed the digester. LF disposal required for
biosolids. Culpability denied. Negotiations fail.
Win-Win Relationship impossible.
CASE STUDIES: STURGIS, MI
Industry needed to find best method to handle
new high-strength BOD wastewater stream
Industry: reluctant to be „in the wwt business‟
Collaboration/assistance to identify cost
effective options in town
Extensive demonstration
Cost estimates
Service Capacity Agreement
CASE STUDIES: STURGIS, MI
Next Steps?
City‟s Digester was upgraded and is now ready
to accept concentrated food waste
Reduce aeration energy
Generate biogas energy
CAPACITY=CARROT…ATTRACT/KEEP INDUSTRY Compatibles Capacity
BOD/TSS loading at Headworks =expensive
• Capex: $2000-4000/lb BOD capacity
• Opex: aeration energy = 40-45% of total
BOD/TSS loading to biosolids processes?
• Waste-to-Energy (and for Septage)
• Capex: $300/lb BOD capacity
• Opex: minimal energy, potential generation
CAPEX -ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Cost
$M
/ M
GD
WWTF Capacity (MGD)
F&V Digester Projects Digesters by Others
LET‟S RE-CAP Uniform Allocation Method: can be wasteful
Capacity = necessary for new industrial jobs
Tiered Allocation: mobilizes „hidden‟ capacity
Negotiations are Important: industry needs vs wants
Permits & Service Capacity Agreements: „ink it‟
POTW: You have the Final Answer (authority)!
Ya‟all Keep Ur MAHL (& Local Limits) Current!
CHECK THE MAHL ASSUMPTIONS!It‟s Much Quicker Today to Check Each Effect
NEW INDUSTRY CAUTIONS
Watch: Industries in bad financial conditions
Slug Loadings: intentional or unintentional … these
are an enforcement challenge/prioritize
Exotic or newer products & raw materials
Political eagerness? jobs need to be long-lasting
Biosolids Drying – for Class A reuse
END?
END
BIOSOLIDS DRYING
Biosolids Drying – for Class A reuse
Applicable to any lagoon-use alternative
Cost is about half of land application
Takes 6 to 8 weeks per lagoon per 10yrs
BENEFICIAL REUSE: EPA exemption for use as topsoil at a
construction site
BIOGAS TO HEAT