local green building materials · source - ... 2 honey comb clay blocks / hourdi blocks...
TRANSCRIPT
Local Green Building Materials
Vasudevan KadalayilDirector & Principal Architect
Ecumene Habitat Solutions Pvt Ltd
“Humanity is now faced with a
stark choice: Evolve or die. … If
the structures of the human
mind remain unchanged, we
will always end up re-creating
the same world, the same evils,
the same dysfunction.”
― Eckhart Tolle
1. Building Industry – Growth
2. What is a Green building?
3. Embodied Energy & Life
Cycle Energy (LC)
4. Embodied Energy of
Building materials
5. System boundaries in the
life cycle of building
materials
6. Local building materials
7. Green & Conventional
building materials
8. References
9. Sources
Contents
Growth Phenomenon
�Population growth rate –
India – 1.41% (2011)
China – 0.49% (2011)
�Between 2025-2030, we will overtake
China’s population
�Every sixth person in the world is an Indian.
�Increasing affluence and affordability
�Unprecedented pressure on natural
resources in India.
Environmental Impacts from Construction
�The building industry at the forefront of
consumption of resources.
�The construction industry growth at 13.3%
CAGR
Urgency to tackle the Building Materials
Industry
Building Industry - Growth
India’s sectorial growth forecast
Changing skyline of Mumbai city
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The use of local, green building materials and products is one of the most
important strategies in the design of a Green building.
What is a Green building?
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Green Building Strategies
Energy Efficiency
Water Conservation
Material Resource
Efficiency
Indoor Environmental Quality
• Low or non-toxic
• Minimal chemical
emissions
• Low-VOC content
• Moisture resistance
• Healthfully maintained
• Systems or equipment
• Recycled content
• Renewable source
• Resource efficient
• Locally available
• Salvaged, refurbished
• Reusable or recyclable
• Durable
Site Selection &
Planning
Embodied Energy & life
cycle energy
Concept of Life cycle analysis process of a typical building material
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Embodied Energy of Building
materials
Raw material
extraction & preparation &
treatment
Main
manufacturing
process for final
product
Construction
& assembly
on-site
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n
Transportation
Cra
dle
to
Bu
ild
ing
bo
un
da
ry
Source – Values are from J.L Sullivan & J.Hu, “Life Cycle Energy Analysis for Automobiles,” SAE Paper No.951829
System boundaries in a life
cycle of building material
Extraction, preparation
& treatment
Manufacture
Construction &
assembly
Reuse & recycling
Building operation
& use
Demolition & waste
disposal
Cradle to
Grave
Boundary
Building to Grave boundary
Cradle to Cradle boundary
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n
Transportation
Transportation
Cra
dle
to
Bu
ild
ing
bo
un
da
ryTransportation
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Transportation
Down-
cycling
Up-
recyclingTransportation
Why Local building materials?
Source - http://www.victoria.ac.nz/cbpr/documents/pdfs/ee-co2_report_2003.pdf
Table of transport energy intensities by mode.
Transportation mode Energy Intensity [Mj/Net t km]
Sources
Bulk train 0.3 Collins,1993
General freight trains 0.6 Collins,1993
Branch line trains 1.7 Collins,1993
Costal shipping 1.4 Collins,1993
Bulk carrier, International 0.2 CBRP study,1995
Bulk carrier, mixed cargo 0.4 IDEMAT 96
Utes & panels vans 20 Collins,1993
Rigid trucks 2.5 Collins,1993
Articulated trucks 1 Collins,1993
Rigid plus artic 2 Collins,1993
Road trains 0.5 Collins,1993
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� Using locally produced building materials shortens transport
distances, thus reducing embodied energy and air pollution
produced by vehicles.
� Often, local materials are better suited to climatic conditions
� Local material purchases support local economies.
� Most often, reduces cost
� Supports local man-power skills
So
urc
e –
Re
sea
rch
an
d p
ub
lica
tio
n b
y t
he
Ce
ntr
e f
or
Bu
ildin
g P
erf
orm
an
ce
Re
sea
rch
. V
icto
ria
Un
ive
rsity o
f W
elli
ng
ton
By A
nd
rew
Alc
orn
Local building materials -
Bangalore
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Masonry1 Soil cement blocks( Insitu / Manufactured)
2 Honey Comb Clay Blocks / Hourdi Blocks
Wienerberger blocks, Bangalore, Karnataka
Calicut tile Company, Kerala
3 Fly ash blocks (Locally manufactured)
4 Aerated Concrete blocks
Besser Blocks
Axon Blocks
5 Soil cement blocks( Insitu / Manufactured)
Floors1 Granite
2 Natural Stone (Tandur, Cudappah)
3 Terracotta tiles
4 Terrazzo Tiles (Insitu/ Manufactured)
5Ceramic tiles - Murudeshwar Ceramics Limited, Karaikal facility near Pondicherry
6 Athangudi Tiles
Roof1 Hourdi blocks - Calicut tile Company, Kerala
2 Concrete slab with Fly ash & GGBFS (Insitu)
3 Filler Slab (Insitu)
4 Jack Arch roofing with bricks (Insitu)
Bangalore Map – 500km
Basic Guidelines for
choosing Local Materials
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� Heritage: Explore traditional building
materials. Familiarise oneself with local
architectural heritage.
� Distance: Must be sourced/manufactured
from within 500km of the building site.
� Embodied Energy:
� Understand extraction and manufacturing processes
� Explore if data exists on embodied energy
� Environment: Understand environmental
impacts
� Application: Understand the application
process
� Vendor Database: Shortlist vendors
� Specification List: Create a firmwide
specification list
Conventional
Building built with
conventional
building materials
Green building
built with green
building materials
Conventional building Green building
Cement OPC – Ordinary Portland cement
Cement with GGBFS content
Sand River sand Manufactured sand
Aggregate Sourced from quarries Recycled
Steel Industry manufactured/virgin Recycled
Wall masonry Solid concrete block Compressed stabilized earth block with 40% fly ash content
Flooring tile Ceramic Terrazzo tile
Roof finish Concrete roof 30% Green roof & 80% roof floor finished with white coloured glazed broken china mosaic tiles
Insulation material
Polyurethane Straw bale
Doors/windows Al framed window frame & Door made of wood which is not managed by Forest management agency
With FSC certified wood & recycled Al frame
Glazing Clear glass Low e double glazing
Paint Regular paint with VOC content
Low VOC paint
Comparison of Material Specifications – Conventional vs Green Buildings
Green & Conventional
building materials
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Parameters Standard practice Better High performance
Material reduction Typical material use Alternate low-mass, low volume materials
Materials that serves multiple functions & with lesser volume/thickness
Locally manufactured 10% of building materials >50% of building materials >75% of building materials
Locally derived raw materials
5% of building materials >50% of building materials >75% of building materials
Non-toxic Carpet - CRI complaint 1. Carpet - CRI compliant
carpets 2. Paint - low VOC paint
1.Carpet – CRI complaint
2.Paint – Low VOC content3.Adhesives & sealants with low VOC content
Recycled content None 10% of building materials by weighted average
20% of building materials by weighted average
Salvaged - Material None 2.5% of building
materials
>5% of building materials
Rapidly renewable None 50% of materials >75% of materials
Certified wood None 50% of all wood based materials
>75% of wood based materials
Salvaged – Building reuse (if applicable)
Maintain 75% of existing building structure & shell
Maintain 100% of existing building & shell
Maintain 100% of existing structure & shell
with 50% of non-shell ( wall, floor coverings, ceiling system )
To reduce building’s carbon
footprint
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� IGBC Green materials directory
� The University of Bath has developed an Inventory for
Carbon and Energy (ICE). Further information on this system
could be found the following website
http://www.bath.ac.uk/mech-eng/sert/research/.
� In India, research organizations like the Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore and a few other organizations have
undertaken some pioneering work in this area.
References for Green
Building material
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� http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article1701790.ece
� http://www.calicuttilecompany.com/building-blocks.asp
� http://www.besser.co.in/8_block.html
� http://www.wienerberger.in/wall/product-catalogue?p_pubid=1075224019685
� http://athanguditiles.com/
� http://indiamart.com
� http://www.hindu.com/pp/2011/02/12/images/2011021250400301.jpg&w=350&h=261&ei=
rpiMUPiZEYjNrQfcloCQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=770&vpy=158&dur=1591&hovh=194&ho
vw=260&tx=153&ty=114&sig=101421831221419070169&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=225&star
t=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:78
� http://wiki.auroville.org.in/wiki/Roofing_with_Filler_slab&docid=7o3H1h5lmg-
sMM&imgurl=http://wiki.auroville.org.in/w/images/thumb/7/75/Tc3.jpg/300px-
Tc3.jpg&w=300&h=212&ei=AJmMUMTYHc7rrQfGqICICQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=728&vpy
=165&dur=371&hovh=169&hovw=240&tx=149&ty=46&sig=101421831221419070169&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=209&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:78
� http://mrsmopp.com
� http://www.calicuttilecompany.com/product-gallery.asp
Sources
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Thank you
Ecumene Habitat Solutions Pvt Ltd
E mail : [email protected] Tel: +91-80-2572-1555 Mob : +91-9448387284
“Humanity is now faced with a stark choice: Evolve or die.
If the structures of the human mind remain unchanged, we
will always end up re-creating the same world, the same
evils, the same dysfunction.”
― Eckhart Tolle