Local coal &

it’s contribution to the energy development in Yemen

• Introduction• Global overview• Hadhrmout mining• Coal resources• Optimal utilization• Economy impact• Opportunities and challenges• Close and remarks

Index

What is COAL?• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black

sedimentary rock composed mainly of Coal is composed mainly of – carbon (50 to 98 per cent)– hydrogen (3 to 13 per cent) – oxygen– smaller amounts of nitrogen– sulphur – little water– other elements.

• 4 Types:– Lignite– Subbituminous– Bituminous– Anthracite

Coal types?

Formation of COAL

Mining

– Strip Mining• Removal of large strips of overlying

rock and soil to reveal coal.– Mountaintop Removal Mining

• Removal of mountain tops with explosives. Land made flat after reclamation.

– Highwall Mining• A continuous miner cuts holes

horizontally into the coal formation.– Underground Mining

• Room and pillar

Coal uses

Energy demand trend

Energy demand trend

Coal consumption

Benefits of Coal

blue bars = coal

World Fossil Fuel Reserves1-Price2-Availability3-Effeciency4-Safe

Coal in Yemen - SWOTStrengthSmall coal reserve –PROVED

WeaknessLimited researchesLake of technical support

OpportunitiesMore reservesEnergy utilizationEnhance the local industries

ThreatsLake of transportationExploitation cost

Relative Costs of Coal based power generation Compared to Other Resources

Clearly coal is the most cost-effective form of energy. However, in creating clean coal, which is much more environment-friendly, the costs raise significantly.

Because Clean Coal technology is new, there are not accurate estimates as to what the costs will be once advances are made.

To produce 1 MWh the cost of coal is: 50 - 60 % less than oil and petroleum

45% less than Natural gases energy

Yem

en E

cono

my

Hadhramout mining?-Local Ltd entity-Specialty in coal, first local company EVER.-Stationed in Mukalla-Proved 7 coal fields-Working on new fields-Mining plans-Power generation plans

5 Years prospecting workHistorical reportsInvestigation and researches Prospection permitsConsultancies Field works, samplingTesting and analysisManual exploration, (Manual digging)Promising fields identificationMinor exploration, through mechanical trenchingExploitationPlanning

Hadhramout mining responsibilities?Social

To create 300-400 Job opportunitiesTo work on roads on the targeted areas

PoliticalTo make use of 100% of local coal locally

EconomicalPower generationEnhance coal energy as an alternative energy resource

-EnvironmentalUse the latest technology

-Safety and hygieneImplement the ISO standard in all practicesTrain people

Coal resource-Seven coal fields, different areas-Seam thickness varies from 0.3m to 1.5M-Contour & high wall and Underground mining-Probable resource estimation at 54 Million Ton-Bituminous - Sub bituminous – Lignite coal-Heating value range: 3000-5500 Kcal/kg-Suitable for power generation-Exploitation cost is the crucial factor

Optimal utilization-Power generationEstimated reserve can generate:300 MWh for 30 Years!!!

Economy impact-Enhance the coal energy-Better utilization for petroleum resources-Decrease unemployment %-Open new horizon for the economy-Attract attention of foreign investors

Close and remarks