local access management
TRANSCRIPT
Local Access Management
Brent Sweger, P.E.Division of Planning
Kentucky Transportation CabinetJune 2, 2006
Topics
• Need for State Policy• Model Ordinance• Permit Review Agreement• Corridor Plan MOU
Land
Use
TripsTrans. Needs Tr
ans.
Facil
ities
Land Value
Accessibility
Land Use Cycle
Hitting the Access Management Bull's-eye
Unrestricted Access
State’s MinimumRequirements
Local Government’sRequirements
Kentucky’s Model Ordinance
• For use by Cities and Counties• Can be modified to fit local needs• Available on KYTC
Division of Planning website
• Include all important roadways.• Divide into logical segments (from A to B)• Group them by:
– Major Arterials– Minor Arterials– Collectors
• Include areas that are growing.• Decide on 1 or 2 groups of standards–
urban/suburban & rural.
Local Ordinance
Access Classification System
Road Classifications
Local Ordinance
Classification Example
• Class 1 -Major Arterial• US 31W (Ring Road to 31W Business)
• Class 2 - Minor Arterial• KY 1600 (KY 220 to KY 2802)
• Class 3 - Collector• KY 86 (County Line to US 62)
Local Ordinance
Access Classification System
• After defining the classes,defines standards for each class:• median type• median opening spacing• driveway/connection spacing• signal spacing
Access Class
Functional Class Median Type
Median Opening
Spacing - Full
Median Opening Spacing -
DirectionalConnection
SpacingSignal
Spacing
1 Major Arterial Non-traversable 2400 1200 600 2400
2 Minor Arterial Non-traversable 1200 600 450 24003 Collector 2-Lanes w/Median 1200 300 300 1200
Collector 3-Lanes (TWLTL) NA NA 300 12004 Local 2-Lanes w/o Median NA NA 100 NA
Local Ordinance
Example Classification System
Local Ordinance
Access Design Standards• Local ordinances should also define:
– Corner clearance– Joint & cross access– Interchange areas– Driveway design– Outparcels/Phased Development Plans– Emergency & Transit access– Transformation of Non-conforming
access
Local Ordinance
Corner Clearance
Local Ordinance
Joint and Cross Access
Local Ordinance
Design Standards (2)
• Reverse frontages (Backage Roads)• Flag lots (alternatives to)• Lot width-to depth ratios• Shared access• Connectivity (possible connectivity
index)• Minor subdivisions & private roads
Local Ordinance
Backage (not frontage) Roads
Local Ordinance
Avoid Flag Lots
Local Ordinance Implementation
• Stand-alone ordinance– E.g. Lincoln County & Bowling Green
• Comprehensive Plan– Setting Goals & Objectives– Transportation Element/Plan
• Connectivity of road system• Designating (new or extended) cross access
corridors
– Land Use Element/Plan• Land use along roadways
– i.e., mixed use instead of commercial strips
Local Ordinance Implementation
• Subdivision Regulations– Review Procedures– Driveway Design & Throat Length– Cross connections/joint access
requirements– Lot(s) layout and frontage
Local Ordinance Implementation
• Zoning ordinance (3 options)1. Standards within each zone definition2. Separate section that covers all zones3. Corridor Overlay Zones
– Access management standards– Landscape and streetscape– Set backs, architectural, other standards
• Basic Elements– Spacing standards– Number of entrances per development– Cross connections/joint access requirements– Roadway connectivity requirements– Parking and Internal Traffic Circulation Requirements
Local Ordinance Implementation
• Where does flexibility fit in?– Waiver process to Subdivision Regulations
• Granted by Planning Commission– Variance to zoning
• Granted by Planning Commission or BZA– Should list specific conditions to be met
• Special conditions exist that present hardship to applicant• Change to standard should be the least non-conforming• Traffic study shows negligible impacts to safety or traffic
flow• Access to another roadway is not feasible
– Mitigation measures • Median, Right-in/Right/out, turning lanes, etc. should be
specified to minimize impacts
Local Ordinance Implementation
• Knowledgeable Staff or Traffic Consultant– Need proper training– Can make competent recommendations
• Approval/denial• Suggestions on waivers/variances
– Need to coordinate internally and with KYTC
Example – Lincoln County
Example – Bowling GreenTraffic Management Manual
Example – Bowling Green
Example – Bowling Green
• Traffic Management Manual
Example - Bowling Green
Example - Owensboro
Comprehensive Plan Goals & Objectives
Example - Owensboro
Example - Owensboro
Subdivision Regs
Example - OwensboroZoning OrdinancesDriveway Widths
Zoning OrdinancesEntrance Spacing
Permit Review Agreement
• Agreement between local government and KYTC
• Establishes coordination procedures for access permits on state routes
• Establishes AM regulation hierarchy• Independent of personalities
Corridor Plan• Plan for designated (future) access points
– Cross roads– Entrances
• Fix deficient driveways– Redundant driveways– Full frontage driveways– Small radii
• Plan location & type ofintersection controls– Signals– Roundabouts– Directional median openings
• Plan for other modes– Transit, pedestrians and bicycles
Corridor Plan
• Develop Formal Agreement (MOU) to adopt the Corridor Plan– County Governments– City Governments– KYTC– MPO?
• MOU should specify no modifications are allowed unless all parties agree.
Conclusions
• KYTC encourages planning commissions and local governments to become leaders in managing access on the roadways in their jurisdiction.
• Consider adopting local AM rules • Consider developing Permit Review
Agreement with KYTC• Develop and adopt detailed corridor plans
