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LNG FSRU Technology

LNG FS(R)U Arrangements Around The World

Alexander Harsema-Mensonides

LNG Malaysia Forum 2013 Kuala Lumpur, March 21st, 2013

Marine Service GmbH

Marine Service GmbH at a glance:

Hamburg-based marine consultancy firm, founded in

1958, involved in LPG & LNG since the mid 1960’s

Core business is commercial and technical

consultancy services for:

LNG & LPG/ethylene/NH3 shipbuilding / shipping

LNG terminals / LNG FSRUs / LNG FPSOs

Small scale LNG / LNG as marine fuel projects

Offshore wind farm AC/DC converter platforms

30 office staff in Hamburg, 12 – 25 project managers,

supervisors & engineers in site offices worldwide

2 20 March 2013

ISO 9001:2010 certified

LNG Malaysia Forum 2013

Regas &

Send-out

LNG FSRU

LNG Floating Storage & Regasification Unit has

the following basic functions:

Receipt of LNG brought in by another LNG carrier

Storage of LNG

Pressurization & regasification of LNG into gas

Metering and send-out of gas into on-shore gas

pipeline grid

3

Shore

LNG

FSRU LNG

carrier

Gas Consumers

20 March 2013 LNG Malaysia Forum 2013

LNG FSRU Advantages

Advantages of converting an LNGC into LNG

FSRU over a onshore LNG terminal:

Quicker to implement

Cheaper to build

Fewer onshore planning procedure issues

More flexible location-wise than onshore terminal:

If local gas demand falls or has strong seasonal

fluctuation the FSRU can be re-located to a more

profitable project

If the onshore LNG import terminal is completed the

FSRU is available for the next project elsewhere

4 20 March 2013 LNG Malaysia Forum 2013

20 March 2013 LNG Malaysia Forum 2013 5

LNG FS(R)Us Worldwide

LNG importer

LNG exporter

New LNG exports under construction/development

Substantial gas reserves for LNG export developments

FSRU in planning FSRU under construction

FSU in operation FSRU in operation

Neptune Northeast Gateway

Aquirre Gasport Jamaica

Pecem

All Saints Bay

Guanabara Bay

Montevideo

Bahía Blanca

FSU under construction FSU in planning

Escobar

Gulf Gateway Israel

Jebel Ali

Mina Al-Ahmadi

Mejillones

GasAtacama Quintero

Colbun

Exmar FLRSU

Gangavaram Lekas

Talcahuano

Klaipeda Port Meridian

Port Dolphin

STL buoy in operation STL buoy under construction STL buoy in planning STL buoy decommissioned

Mosselbaai

Kakinada

Yantai

Krk

Cali

Cartagena

Aracruz

Bataan

LNG FSRUs Worldwide


In operation:

Pecem, Brazil, “Golar Spirit” (1981/2008)

Guanabara Bay, Brazil, “Golar Winter” (2004/2009)

DUSUP, Dubai, “Golar Freeze” (1977/2010)

West Java, Indonesia, Golar “Nusantara Regas Satu”

(ex-”Khannur” 1977/2012) LNG FSRU

“Golar Freeze”

(1977/2011) Source: Viktor


Lekas LNG FSRU’s

Lekas LNG, Malaysia

Front: LNG FSU “Tenaga Satu” (1982/2012)

Back: LNG FSU “Tenaga Empat” (1981/2012) Source: PETRONAS Gas


LNG Regas System Onboard

-155 °C

5 bar

-150 °C

60 – 70 bar

-30 °C

60 – 70 bar

+15 °C

60 – 70 bar

6 x 125 MMscfd (25%)

LNG booster pumps

3 x 250 MMscfd (50%)

LNG vaporizer modules

3 x 250 MMscfd (50%)

gas heating modules

-155 °C

5 bar

-150 °C

60 – 70 bar

-30 °C

60 – 70 bar

+15 °C

60 – 70 bar

LNG Gas

-155 °C

5 bar

-150 °C

60 – 70 bar

-30 °C

60 – 70 bar

+15 °C

60 – 70 bar

Source: Cryostar


Tower Yoke Moored FSRU Leif Höegh Lampung LNG FSRU

Source: MODEC

10

Subsea gas pipeline

ashore

Gulf Gateway – Excelerate (decommisioned 2012)

Offshore Louisiana, USA

5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2005

Northeast Gateway - Excelerate

Massachusetts Bay, USA

5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2009

Neptune LNG – Leif Höegh & MOL

Massachusetts Bay, USA

4 BCMA, 2010

Regas &

Send-out

Regas &

Send-out

LNG

SRV

LNG

SRV

STL Buoy Moored LNG SRV


LNG SRV “GdF Suez Neptune“ (2009) Source: Ken Smith

Mooring Arrangements (2)

Submerged Turret Buoy (STL):

LNG FSRU located offshore

Exposed to wind, waves,

currents and tide

Requires sufficient water depth

Requires special hull adeptions

Requires underwater gas

pipeline

Construction at least 2 years


LNG RV and STL buoy Source: Excelerate

LNG RV and STL buoy Source: Excelerate

12

Island Jetty Moored FSRU

Subsea gas

pipeline ashore

Petrobras VT-2

LNG FSRU “Golar Winter”

Guanabara Bay, Brazil

5.1 BCMA, open & closed loop regas

2008

Regas &

Send-out

LNG

carrier

LNG

FSRU


LNG FSRU “Golar Winter” (l) and LNGC “Golar Maria” (r)

in Guanabara Bay

Source: Rogério Cordeiro


Guanabara Bay

LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” (bottom) and LNGRV “Excellence” (top) in Guanabara Bay Source: Petrobras


Island-type jetty mooring:

Relatively simple construction

More difficult access to the vessels

Requires sub-sea gas pipeline to

shore

14

Regas &

Send-o

ut

LNG

FSRU

LNG

carrier

LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” (left) and LNGRV “Excellence” (right) in Guanabara Bay Source: Rogério Cordeiro


Subsea gas

pipeline ashore

15

Island Jetty Moored FSRU

Regas &

Send-out


DUSUP – LNG FSRU “Golar Freeze”

Jebel Ali Port, Dubai

4.9 BCMA, open loop regas, 2010

Breakwater

LNG

carrier

LNG

FSRU

LNG FSRU “Golar Freeze” in Dubai Source: DUSUP

Subsea gas pipeline ashore

16

DUSAP

Jebel Ali Port, Dubai

2010

16

Regas &

Send-out

Teesside GasPort

Teesside, UK

2007

Bahía Blanca GasPort

Bahía Blanca, Argentina

2008

LNG

FSRU

LNG

carrier

Jetty Moored FSRU

Bahía Blanca GasPort Source: Excelerate

Consumers • Power gen

• Industrial

• Residential

Sh

ore


Escobar GasPort

Escobar, Argentina

2011


Jetty-moored, side by side:

Simple construction

Proven technology

Easy vessel access

Re-useable in next project phase

17

Gas

LNG

FSRU

LNG

carrier

Regas &

Send-o

ut

Shore

LNG

FSRU

LNG

carrier


Bahía Blanca GasPort Source: Excelerate

18

Regas &

Send-out

LNG carrier LNG

FSRU

Jetty Moored FSRU

Mina Al Ahmadi GasPort

Al Fahaiheel, Kuwait

2009

LNG carrier LNG FSRU


• Industrial

• Residential

Shore 20 March 2013 LNG Malaysia Forum 2013

Source: Excelerate


Mina Al Ahmadi Gasport

Source: Google Earth

20

Jetty Moored FSRU

Shore

LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit”

Pecem, Brazil

2.5 BCMA, Closed loop regas

2008

LNG

carrier

Regas &

Send-out

LNG

FSRU

LNG

FSRU

LNG

carrier


• Industrial

• Residential


LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” Source: Petrobras


21

Gas

LNG

FSRU

Regas &

Send-o

ut

Shore

Jetty-moored, over the pier:

Safest mooring solution available

Simple construction, proven technology

Easy vessel access

Re-useable in next project phase

LNG

FSRU

LNG

carrier


LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” (1981/2008) at Pecem Source: Google Earth

LNG Ship-to-Ship Transfer

Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer:

Side-by-side:

LNG delivery reliability very much

dependent on weather and sea state

(=< 1.5m Hs)

Little relative motion allowed between

the two vessels in order to avoid hull

and superstructure damage

Tandem mooring:

Requires special offloading equipment

onboard the LNGC

Wider weather window (=< 3.0m Hs)


LNG STS transfer Source: Exmar

Tandem Mooring SYMO system Source: SBM Offshore

LNG FSU

LNG Floating Storage Unit (FSU):

Simple construction for quick

implementation

Shore based, jetty-mounted of

barge-mounted LNG regas and

power generation equipment

Regas module can be re-used for

shore based LNG terminal

LNG FSU can be quickly replaced

with another LNGC whenever

required

23

LNG

FSRU

LNG

FSU

LNG

carrier

Regas &

Send-out

Consumers

Sh

ore


LNG FSU Shopping List

LNG carrier

Age of the vessel not critically important

Condition of the cargo containment system vital

LNG booster pump module

LNG vaporizers:

Submerged combustion

Open rack vaporizers (ORV)

Air vaporizers


25

Jetty Moored FSU

Shore

LNG Mejillones - Phase I

LNG FSU “BW GdF Suez Brussels” (2009)

Antofagasta, Chile

2010


• Industrial

• Residential

Regas &

Send-out

LNG

FSU

LNG

carrier


LNGC “BW Suez Boston” (left) and

LNG FSU “BW GdF Suez Brussels” at

GNL Mejllones Source: GNL Mejillones

26

Q-flex LNGC

LNG FSU

Island Jetty Moored FSU


LNG FSU

Lekas LNG

LNG FSU “Tenaga Satu” (1982)

LNG FSU “Tenaga Empat” (1981)

Sungai Udang, Melaka, Malaysia

2012

Regas &

Send-out

Subsea

gas

pipeline

ashore

Lekas LNG, Malaysia Source: PETRONAS Gas

Site Selection

Site conditions have strong impact on LNG

delivery and gas send-out reliability

Site selection is also a key cost driver:

Offshore v/s inshore

Waves, wind, tides, currents, climate, storm risk

Water depth, navigational hazards, accessibility

Connection to onshore gas grid

Environmental regulations:

Is it allowed to use seawater as heat source? Max ΔT?

NOx and SOx emission limits within territorial waters?


LNG in Malaysia

LNG FRUs are in use (Lekas LNG)

LNG FPSO is on order

Long Malaysian coastline is very suitable for small

scale LNG distribution arrangements

Relatively benign weather with high ambient

temperatures year round, suitable for open rack

vaporization and use of LNG cold for refrigeration

Imported LNG price v/s domestic gas price

LNG distribution by truck / container


Concluding Remarks

LNG FSRUs are an accepted solution for

temporary and long-term LNG imports

LNG FSRU technology available and mature

LNG FSRU solutions are lower on CAPEX and

quicker to deploy than land based LNG terminals

Offshore LNG FSRU projects have lower LNG

delivery and gas send-out reliability due to weather

and see state than land-based LNG terminal

LNG FSRU prices driven up by scarcity of suitable

older tonnage


Alexander

Harsema-Mensonides Senior Engineer

[email protected]

+49 174 195 6621

Thank you very much

for your kind attention

For more information, please contact

Marine Service GmbH Mattentwiete 1, D-22587 Hamburg, Germany

+49 40 36 90 3-0

[email protected]

www.ms-de.eu

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