----------------------lllll'IIIEDml--Ecology Packet

Dates: February 12th - February 14th

.

Teacher ----------------·--

All pages attached to this document are

EXPECTED to be COMPLETED by Friday

--February 14th . You don 1t need a book unless

you. have access to it. This document should

be given to the sub on· Friday to be placed on

the counter. DON'T TAKE THIS HOME. This

will constitute for a gra_de for this week.-AU

documents will be placed on the blog.

1. Symbiosis Worksheet __

2. Energy Flow Notes: There are printed notes: (Use the blog if you are not in the

classroom)_

3. Food Web Read It and answer the 4 questions on the back __

4. Food Chain Reading and <;1.uestions __

5. Energy Flow Through a Food Chain and Questions __

6. Food Web vs. Food Chain Compare and Contrast __

7. Food Web Cross Word Puzzle

8. Food Web Word Search

Name -----~---- Period ----- - Binder Page# ____ _

Symbiosis Worksheet

Directions: Classify each of the following scenarios as either mutualism, commensalism, and

12.arasitisw1 E'/.fri.,<\ ~ ~\~ eo,C.h o~.

1. Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales.

2.. Ticks feed on deer blood to the deer's detriment.

3. The stork uses its saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead

animals carcass is accessible to some bees for food and egg laying.

4. Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert

each other to danger. Since the visual abilities of the two species are different, they each

can identify threat~ the oth~r animal would not as readily see.

5. Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers

where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit.

6. Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails.

7: A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler's nest. · The cuckoo's young will di~placethe

warbler's young and will be raised by the warbler.

8. As buffalos walk through the grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by

cowbirds.

- ,,; . ~ ,-..

9. Silverfish live and hunt with army ants. They ;hare the prey.

10. Oxpeckers feed on ticks found on rhinos.

11. Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea's bass body.

12. Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the &pruce to the spruce tree's detriment.

13. A flea feeds on a mouse's blood to the mouse's detriment.

14. Remoras attach themselves to a shark's body. They then travel with the shark and feed

on the leftover food scraps from the shark's meals.

15. Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers,to bee hives. The badgers then expose the

hives and feed on the honey first. Then the honey guide birds eat.

Energy Flow in an Ecosystem Name ______ Date __ Period

Concept Description Examples/Images

Cycles in the environment

Producer (Autotroph)

Herbivore:

Consumer Omnivore:

(Heterotroph) Carnivore:

Scavenger:

Decomposer

~

Food Chain

Food Web

I

Name Date Period ------ --Energy Flow in an Ecosystem

Identify and describe the different consumer levels shown in the diagram to the rig ht. .lfl---____ I

- I I t . "

I I

Describe what the image to the right is illustrating.

What does this mean for the polar bear?

· Identify the levels in the diagram to the right.

Which level receives the least er:,ergy from food?

Which level receives the greatest amount of energy from food?

Which level returns nutrients to the soil?

·-

Food Webs

cology is the study of the connections between different forms of _living organisms and their natural settings. Ecological interdependence is the relationship between organisms and their environment and how they depend on each other. This can be shown in both food webs and habitat creation.

The most easily understood method of ecological interdepende.nce is a severe one. Living things eat other living things to live. One of the first "feeding relationships" scientists understood was predator and prey.

In the predator/prey relationship, predators marked the top of a food chain. The understanding of feeding relationships has grown as ecology has grown. All creatures are eaten by other organisms like insects and bacteria. The fact that all organisms eat, and all die led to the creation of the food web. Each organism feeds on more than one type of organisr:n. Also, each organism feeds on more than one type of organism.

Mutual relationships change over time. In these relationships, the twp species involved get something from the other. For example, bees and flowers depend on one another. The bee gathers nectar from the flower. It makes it into honey for food. In the nectar­gathering process, pollen attaches to the body of the bee. When the bee visits the next flower, some pollen rubs off and fertilizes the flower. The bee gets food, and in turn, the flower can reproduce. The relationship is equally helpful for both species.

Many animals create their own shelter. When beavers build wooden shelters in ponds, they create habitats for other creatures, too. Beavers build their dams in streams. At the end of a beaver dam, a slow-moving pond of water forms. This pond allows fish that cannot live in fast-moving water a place to live: The beavers eat the fish, so the relationship is equally helpful for both species.

The water is the slow-moving pond lets nutrients settle. They would otherwise be washed downstream. This nutrient-rich water supports the growth of new plant life. New plants mean an increase in plant-eating organisms. -

The study of relationships between different biological organisms and their surrounding is called

A. Ecology B. Environment C. Chemistry

· - D. Geology

How.does an animal like a beaver help other organisms?

A. They don't eat them B. The create habitats for them to live C. They destroy habitats of other

organisms D. They give birth to multiple speci_es of

organisms

_______ .. __ ., ____ ,, _____________________ ~---------

Which is the best description of mutualism?

' A. When two organisms eat the same food B. When two organisms rely on each other

for survival C. When two organisms both get ene~gy

from the Sun · D. When two organisms compete with each

other

What is the role of a decomposer in a food web?

A. They are not included in the food web.

B. _ They eat only living organisms C. They eat only producers D .. The eat dead plants and animals

Name: Date: ------------------- --------• Food Chains Reading Passage (Version 2)

FOOD CHAINS A food chain is a linear sequence of feeding relationships between organisms. It shows how organisms are related to each other by what they e·at. The length of a food chain is va·riable but it is not indefinitely long. Usually it isn't longer than five organisms. As the length of a food chain increases, the amount of

energy passed from one organism to the next decreases. Eventually, food can't provide enough energy to continue the food chain.

~ ~

We illustrate food chains in a . diagram with arrows. Arrows point

to.show how food "moves" from one organism to the next. They

show where the food is going to. ·

The first organism in a food chain is always a producer, either a plant or alga. A second organism eats

the producer. This organism is called the primary consumer. A third organism eats the primary consumer. It is called· the secondary con~umer. A fourth organism eats the secondary consum~r. It is

called the tertiary consumer. All food chains end with a decomposer. The decomposer breaks down dead or decaying organisms of the food chain and waste produced by organisms in the food chain. The decomposer transforms these materials into organic matter. Organic matter is rich in nutrients and

minerals. The organic matter becomes incorporated into soil. Plants absorb nutrients in the soil, specifically minerals. It uses minerals to help build plant parts. In this way, decomposers are recyclers,

returning nutrients "back" to the environment.

Food chains usually only show organisms. However, the sun plays a vital role in food chains. A food chain

really begins with the sun. The sun provides energy. Plants use the sun's energy to make food, which is consumed by primary consumers. Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers. Tertiary

consumers feed on secondary consumers and so on. Plants are the first source of food that originated from energy of the sun. This is why we often say the sun provides energy for all living things on Earth.

A food chain is not a realistic representation of feeding relationships in natural environments. In natural environments, organisms feed on more than one thing. This creates complex feeding interactions

b_etween many organisms called a food web. A food web is a network of many food chains. It shows how organisms are part of multiple food chains. It also shows how organisms feed on different things. A food web illustrates the links between all organisms in an ecosystem. They also demonstrate how feeding

habits of one organism affect other organisms it doesn't directly interact with. Food webs also show _how organisms adapt their feeding habits to changes in food sources. If a primary consumer is removed

from an ecosystem, there will be changes to populations of other organisms. The plants eaten by this organism may flourish. The population of organisms that fed on the primary consumer must feed on a different food source. If these organisms cannot adapt to eat a different food source, they may starve.

Name: Date: --------------- -------• Food Chains Answer Sheet (Version 2)

Questions 1. What is a·food chain? What starts and ends every food chain?

2. How long is a food chain? Explain.

3. What is the relationship between the organisms in the food chain below?

4. What is missing in the food chain from question three? Justify your answer.

5. Why is a food web a better model of feeding interactions in an ecosystem? How·can it be better used to study feeding relationships between organisms?

fP:\ C"•---~---·=- r11 ........ :.1--

Name: · Date: --------------,---- -------- Energy Flow through a Food Chain Reading Passage

ENERGY FLOW THROUGH A FOOD CHAIN Organisms require energy to survive. They use energy to fuel the processes in their body. Organisms use energy to move aro_und in the environment, digest food and circulate

nutrients in the body. Organisms obtain energy by making or eating food. Autotrophs

make their own food. Heterotrophs must eat plants or other animals for food.

A food chain is a linear sequence of feeding relationships between organisms. It shows how:organisms are related to each other by the food that they eat. Food provides energy

for organisms. All food chains begin with the sun. Plants use the sun's energy to make

food, specifically glucose. To do this, plants transform light ehergy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds between the atoms that make up glucose; Animals eat_

plants. When they eat plants, energy from the plants is passed to the animal. Energy is . transferred from the food to the animal that eats it. As the length of a food chain

increases, the amount of energy passed from one organism to the next decreases.

Where does the energy in

food go?

llll Excreted

ill Used for life processes

it. Stored in body tissue

When a consumer eats another organism, only a small fraction

of the food it consumes is used for growth. About half of the food an organism eats is excreted. The other half is digested and

absorbed. Most of this food is used for cellular respiration, which converts stored energy in food into a usable form. This energy is used to fuel the daily life function of an organism.

Some of the food digested and a~sorbed is used for growth and is available for food for the next organism in the food chain.

Specifically, ten percent of the food eaten is used for growth.

This food is used to build muscle, fat and other tissue that would be cons-urned as food. These tissues store energy. Only energy in these tissues is available as energy in food for the next consumer. To simplify, we say only ten percent of the ~nergy in

an organism can be transferred to an-animal that eats it.

If only ten percent of the energy is passed from one organism to the next in a food chain, there isn't enough energy to sustain an indefinitely long food thain. Moreover, organisms {lhigher11 in a food chain must eat more to survive. A consumer must eat ten times more than the previous consumer in a food chain to compensate for the loss o(energy in food.

Ir\ C"'.&.- .... 1- ........ : .... 111._ .. ,:.a.._

!\lame:________________ Date: ______ _ Ill Energy Flow through a Food Chain Answer Sheet

Questions 1. From where does the energy in a food chain originate?

2. According the graph, where does the energy in food go?

3. Compare and contrast the way autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain energy.

4. Compare and contrast the amount of a food a primary consumer and tertiary consumer must eat.

5. How would consumers have to utilize energy in food differently for food chains to be indefinitely long? Is this possible?

tr=\ C""+--L.--: .... ri1 ......... :•-

r- _d, w··-b : :o>·,o:., ·: · -· __ - e·:·::·_ • ;-,--~~ •• -~--,~---- - : ~. -~_. _· _.._ - • :. # _" - •

---.-_-

··_;__'._-__________ _ ----~------~. ------

FOOD WEB CROSSWORD 3 4

PUZZLE 6

11

15 16

. 17 8

19

20

21 -

ACROSS 1. A decomposer is an insect, fungus, or bacteria that breaks animals or plants that are ___ _ 3. A predator than hunts at night on silent wings. 5. A map of who east whom in an ecosystem is called a food __ _ 6. A smaller carnivore in the ocean with flippers and whiskers: 8. An example of a decomposer that is a fungus. 11. A producer which herbivores graze on. 12. Photosynthesis - plants mak_e their own food us-ing ___ , water and carbon dioxide. 13. A consumer is an ___ that eats what is in its ecosystem .

. 15. A large hooved, herbivore. 19. The tallest herbivore on Earth. 20. An animal that chases down and eats another animal. 21. An animal that is chased and eaten by another animal.

©Sheri · Amsel

8

2

9 10

12 . 13 14

DOWN 2. The biggest herbivore on Earth. 4.A carnivore in the dog family (2 words). 6. An animal that eats whatever it can find. 7. A tiny herbivore in the rodent group. 9. A carnivore is an animal that eats only ___ _ 10. A omnivore in the bear family (2 words). 12. The smallest carnivore on Earth. 14. An insectivorous plant is a plant that eats

16. A producer that makes its own food through pho­tosynthesis. 17. A carnivore in the cat family (2 words). 18. A carnivore in the bear family (2 words). 20. A herbivore is an animal that eats only

www. exploriingrnature _@rg

. Name: Date:

Food Web R H F WV B R 0 T A D E R p D u M y A y y T E T V R Q B X s X L A H

X B -s u p A R z X H L E K - i N y

E p 0 B W E R 0 V N R A C E u V

K F F p I ·G u J V u B y F R R T s l A C p R T s Q u R R E L 0 R s V -c E ·A N - ~ M A l J B N N D V A

D R E E B X T y s B M R G M i E R

E A M s R z u A G H K B E J-N N G I

C s R----r -N, u s--A T I A B H H M T X 0 p E r- T D K y F I R R X u 0 s w M I C N E s p R E y B A K F M p Q_

p D u A T l y X F V H A F E L A R

0 E D L N l R s C A G B H F R y N

s R 0 p w ! 0 p 0 E J C y B E T Q E T R H G A B i T C s 0 l G K s R G p y F G z L p E M i D K F F

ANIMAL BEAR Carnivore Decomposer ECOSYSTEM FLY

GIRAFFE gRASS HABITAT Herbivore HUMAN NUTRIENTS

OMNIVORE PLANT Predator Prey PRODUCER RABBIT.·

SHARK SOil SPIDER SQUIRREL SUN ,~

i 1

https://wordmint.com/public_puzzles/357564# 1/1 ;