lj ha-, is 11-8.s -- i

28
,; -I , CD CHftP7e;-..e Co: -- ,.4BSo/(P7/o!\J AtJD S-r;<IffINCr op 7)/LL..1Te:: MJXT41<~.s -- -- LJHA-, IS 11-8.s" I<.PTI DJJ -: - - i,,-/t;-/Ate... , / ll1e,..-/ '{4 S l;3 (..(; / sol v~f ,l- I' .s 0 I c.c b/~ v~" 0.,.- (. t'v\G.s,.s -r~ A-l>5()~~E:I'-.JT f (\ ( 1H;~t.-t('e. f'A"t\S1e(" £ 0 Ll4-rC; -1ASUt'J -1r'l°r H-ow 'Do LJ ~ G-E.-r -THt: S[;:Pf}~A-r(o N ':' ->; f1r1> 1) e1> ,4. M 4-55 S e:f f}-~,4 -rIN f!s- A-Gr- e tJt (L;DL.-<;J Solv~f') ~ Ht1-SS T£./trtJJPE:1l- ba ~~~.frA-f('~ G-r...~'~+ - 1>1\...'v:~ ~ fD ~.L (GA-5 PHA-.5e:; ~ L/~u.':l> pff-A-se)

Upload: hoanghuong

Post on 29-Jun-2018

219 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

,; -I ,

CDCHftP7e;-..e Co:--

,.4BSo/(P7/o!\J AtJD S-r;<IffINCr op 7)/LL..1Te:: MJXT41<~.s----

LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s" I<.PTI D JJ -:--i,,-/t;-/Ate...

,/ ll1e,..-/ '{4 Sl;3 (..(; / sol v~f ,l-

I' .s 0 I c.c b/~ v~" 0.,.-(. t'v\G.s,.s -r~

A-l>5()~~E:I'-.JT f (\ ( 1H;~t.-t('e. f'A"t\S1e("

£ 0 Ll4-rC;

-1ASUt'J -1r'l°r

H-ow 'Do LJ ~ G-E.-r -THt: S[;:Pf}~A-r(o N ':'

->; f1r1> 1) e1> ,4. M 4-55 S e:f f}-~,4 -r IN f!s- A-Gr- e tJt

(L;DL.-<;J Solv~f')

~ Ht1-SS T£./trtJJPE:1l- ba ~~~.frA-f('~ G-r...~'~+-

1>1\...'v:~ ~ fD ~.L

(GA-5 PHA-.5e:; ~ L/~u.':l> pff-A-se)

Page 2: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

Ke J -e,.xA..~ (.eJ ..(?).1) C°.2 ~ H d H~ S 'R.e.1"-t. a v~( fr(Jf'v1 I\~-f(..{re-t { d ~S

(Lb(.-(;d Solvt..c.o\t = 50[&.'\+;</\.'\ u+ ~t'\'\~r\~J o-r ~lk~l:~f' 'sc\'If.sJ

co{ ) N H.3 'R e. J".ot () v"", ( -P ~ Q.,..( ..IL

I (~Zl...f;d sc)lv~+ = ~,+.e..".-.)

---

LJ HI'rI 15 P E:.Jo R PTt 0 tJ (ST/<, Pp jl'J f!:r-) ?::==.

iYt-l.ef"'"~~L

L;1l.i;d0 d~~

-I-

V 0/4.. -f.. Ie. ~6""l' d t' e,.111 + ""~..s

-+(~o1.s~

i How "Do LJ e G-IE:T -THE::" Se;plJ-l.n-/o J'J :jI .

) SI}--f1E:: ffS /tBSo~PT/()t.J) JL-.(s-r 0/165',£ b,Re:::t-r(o,JI

( J 11"\... ~ Du.A..r F' ~ /' -A. (' PfJ-A-Se: \

Page 3: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

@

v 0 c. 1< e- V1.-1. 0 1/ ~ ( -Pru ~ w ~ +.e r

( ~ A..J == ~ i r )

01.) So I V .e-~-+ d.e:. oxu ~e,..-f"M

(d~.s .,:; 1J2,.)

3 ) A- b S 0 {" b -e,t"\ + r .e J..e., '" of- ,.. A. +; <rv\

(~c,..s = V~r~-e. J)

A- F=> 5 0 R P -r I () rJ Pr tJ D 5 -r ~ I f P J N f:r r= f}-t- -r () ~ 5 :

-

---7 E Q U , L I 1> f(.1 (If f-1 () f e;~ A- 71 () N ( be fL\o.)e -e"" 2 f ~~.seJ )

G-A-S /D(i;A--L.. !JON:t1>6A--L-~

LIQV1/1> I DtPrL- N6NIDe:AL-'--- -

~w 1>0 we 1<EL.r'J--1""lZ:, CJJMPOS',f{)tJJ j,AJ

e. frt-i+ 'P F+ Pr 5 E ?

~ """",",.""".,,01.,,""

Page 4: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

Rt~I') Hu DI Ple-D ~f'}-Ot.-(L-T/J L-fJrw &

P 54..+J ' .:::; X'~' f.( ( ( l

P S 4.-1L ..=; K ' = _.:~::~ ~ .

X- l f(

-Pr tJ y)I\ Sol,"" +,' LI'V'\ 1A -e""'~o d U "1 ~ r\.1,' c.. oS ...

1) .s~+r l -fr'tlY\l\ ~+r-i)\-e. C ~l..i. <"+:M

'6; -trd\f'\l\ a. c-f~ v',f a Cat #"c ~ ~ + 'V\II.-o,{.J

f ~;~ or )"-"'e~s~ red

i -F we. k~o to.\) Cd'¥"-( 0 J'~+,' IJ\."\ (x;) {j ; ) / -f"e~ ~Of...J k,'

K, :: -f ( XI d) a'\d J..+fu.l.'t..\.-r v.-f e~c~ s+~Y- ::=?)

rtbs()(ft.'~ ~tfor l.,) :11 ~...e.. Jf4~ sf-e-c...' f.'~ .

LA.=:.-~ V I(

L ffbJorpof;(\'\ -f---t+.r -Per 5+-"jL N.

Page 5: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

@)~o-rE : W t:: HPrve H A"D e A,kJ itsSL-1 f-Lf'Tldl\J---L- -<t- \/ ~r~ CMS+~",-f.

R e~5 (jY\~b (f.. ?

12e-Meh1k.--j w.e Ctfe. ~hso(""b;"'d SO/4+e. .fr~ ~

SoI4+;~. S:iI\.te Q\I\/o -the 501,",,--+£ "'5 -tr&""""t;:+e-(""e~

-rke-l-'\ L i-V (~b'l:4..r t-(OLAJ r-",-te..sJ Cl.ve.

q ff(""D x~ \I\I\~+e( a ~r+ I'\+,

5 -VK --Lt1 --C AN

L S'+r:pf;"'i ~c.+r)r ~r 5"-f~~ JJ.

tJ () I.J I k' S.e.. + hd C-d'y\O\1OJ~.f; ~ ..,' w~#---F k~J'f~J'

+b It.u J- 5~ ~k~ V.J- L Ck'~.e,

Page 6: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

" , {fJrrrJ .C4.J~CD V (1.'\ f. (e "\5<5 L Cd'r'\S"+&t,~+---

-=J AN ~

~ ~o? Less CdY'-f~t.,-f +~ f\-\.e

C1..J""~ @ V d-E.~(e.~s..(:.S L c.d"\J-~~~-

-:;=j A~ 1

WkD? H :jke.,y r-eJi J~~ +; Me.

t't-J~ ($) V (:!.G/\I'\Jf#i..~-f L it\ t.rev-e.J-

..=::J A-N l'

W~O? Mor(. ~tc...{;J ::::) k,'jl~ Jr:v"~d ~rc..e

(do e..J "o-f' (J-L..f ~J ~C-t-Jo\+roC..+e i i~ So/«.:tbte CrMt'~~f)

,,~~~~.~~:_.~~t2.- V c.. d\I\ s+ e,.. ~ + L cI.f<. C r f ~.J-e..5

~ A-tJ 1 '

wh~ ~ Je.s5 ft'D"": d ..:::) /0 l4J~,- dr,v; ~c5 ~{~

( t.~ 1.1.~ d ~..e+s ~U-"'+r&..+e j ~.sVr ~J Soft.-t.b (-e.-

V "'- e () \(' ~ ~ M -C.-V\. + ~ '" ~ e- (S'" c...f,V\ -t n... -1-,' M j (" "'- [i ..t.1..\,-f

~.~ (',~~,. (' \---

Page 7: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

tJ()f;~.e -fh~+ 4./( 0+ -fA,'.> W4..5 ve'j (a(fI'~~/. (J)

Cttt'\ V\.'t'-~ s; 1""'\.' (~y ~t..\~/'JJrf ~ deS-o,t'-tt'M / Nr"",'Pftt'\d'

--

D i ++e y ~ + + J ~ .J 0 ~ ~ b S cY'r -t; lM :

?4j.l;~c { : tYtOVeM~+ D+- M6Ie(!.t-t.(-e.J +rt.rv"\-\

f h~...s.e ,4- ..fa fA~Je E. 54,' 1/ ~t\.s+ ~s

~~ Ji1"'to/et'-'\./<. Ih Ji\.eL..J f~~Je.,

Rel\.~-I-:l/e: fVtov.e~e.""+ ,.""..fb I-\e.w f~"\..s-.e. ,.",(!..{~de;

r~~c.+I'UV\ i~ -f-k-e. t\.e.w f~~J.,e -I~ e... di.f.,l: ,~-f

, -f J f.e c) J J'V1. a I-e.. t. C-.\.. (.e.. , .

( t~1t1 k irrE. V-e-r.r I'b (e.. ~ r re If-f..y-s ; ~ Ie)

~

LJ ~t {J wk A..-f db -tke ~o( ~ 11\-'\ ~ 5 {() 0 ((. I ~ k-e ?

~-

Page 8: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

.d~ o~+I-e.+

L,' &'I...{;"t;> F£E'"D> &(;d -f~ ~41d i~

./ P6..c...k..~V1d J. ::;

d~ ~(: b~-fe ..pi ~ I..J.

Y EAFFL-E:S fapee. \[-E: rJ-rM ~<J ~ M+e...: n C C H- A--N tJ Eo LJ kJ C- .

I) P l,-te..J / -t r""-uJ ( B ~ p~.s)

(~k.e d.lJ+:ll +.' M) -

.L S-! ("~t-l:~roe- J

p~~k~ V\~

3) "D~~J (r~t\d~)fA. c.. K-~ ~ $

(J-h.s Fe:~j) ~ti- «. I 'I:> -r 0 t-h> l.. 1:) / ~ --~

Pt\C ~ / N"- t- "'j) (j T 12-,8 tA Ie:

pLD w

f)UltU: Aj.!} ~~De::N.s.e;-t--S--

tJ () Re-~ 0 I L~ 1<.5--B , G-t,..e:..sr eo IJt'6'{;.J I 5 tp~e;-"5L-t.l.e: '7;>R.o P

'-"~

Page 9: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

(5)

Gas out Gas out

Liquid liquidin in

Gas in Gas in

uid out id out

(a) (b)

t Gas out

Gas out

liquid.in

liquidin s-liquid

persion .

.Gas in

liquid out

~ liquid out Gas in

(c) (d)

liquidin

Vaporout.

Vaporin

liq0

(el

Figure 6.2 Industrial equipment for absorption and stripping: (a) trayedtower; (b) packed column; (c) spray tower; (d) bubble column; (e) centrif-ugal contactor.

S E A-D e:;e. J- tf t;N ~ t(

-~?~L.J

Page 10: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

@

S~~~J-J"

~.J~.1""'=tS'r.

Gas Iflow 0- -.0 00.-, " .0.0..

(,..,.""r, .~aa.~ .~aaa~ .~aaa~ a~.a.~ .~..~ 0.- -..~a-.~ .~a.a~ a~a'a.~ "", '0 '::0 00.0::0 0'0 ':'0 00. 0:00 000 0:0. 0'0 .:00 00..: a. .0. ':'. .0..: 00-==+.;="':; :0"::"':"': :.":r" .:0 --:0..:0. ":0..:' 0...,-:00":0..::0"':0..::0...:...::..Clear ' a ..,.. a a ~;A ::A',a~'A --- """,.;" a a a. a a' a. a .a a aa~aa,... ,;~ It' \' ~ .:.'... .,..,.~aaaa 0'00.0 .00'.I.. d aa "" r- .00"0IqUI aa;,f -~ ,.., -" ~.,.aa'a:aa'aaa:' 00 a' 00.. a~~~~~~"..' --"',.., --.~ ""' ,0'0'..000'~~~~~~ "" ~ ~ ~ Froth,..., ""..- .,,~a..,

m"il~:~ ::~-?~~ ~;:~ 1~~';:' t~~- -= Le~g; ~ T

liquid flow path, ZL

3- !h Gas+ flow

Tray diameter, DT

Figure 6.3 Details of a contacting tray in a trayed tower. [Adapted from B.P.Smith, Design of Equilibrium Stage Processes, McGraw-Hill, New York (1963).]

,...

Page 11: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

(fj)

£1f:)

f:) f:)

C1)

f:) f:)

f:) f:)

f:) f:)

f:) f:)

ap )

"c",c"'"T' .,,'c""C

, ~

IC

cr

' "

Plate

Plate

'cj' Leg

Plate

Vapor flow

V

apor flow

Vapor flow

(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

Figure 6.5 T

hree types of tray openings for passage of vapor up into liquid: (a) perforation;

(b) valve cap; (c) bubble cap. (d) Tray w

ith valve caps.

SeIrD

e:1- .J- !tWLE

Y

tp, l ~6

Page 12: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

@

~cf?b((jCeramic Raschig rings Ceramic Berl saddle Ceramic Intalox saddle

~.Plastic 'super Metal Intalox IMTP Metal Pall ring

Intalox saddle

, .Plastic Fiexiring Metal Bialecki ring Metal Top-pak

... Plastic Tellerette Plastic Hackett Plastic Igel

(a)

F,gure 6.7 Typical materials used in a packed column: (a) ran-dom packing materials; (continued)

( J ~JM.--d"s-t-r ~ -f,' {\(\t ; V\ t 45J

L-6...{(" n ~ 1l-~f.J~tPr'PGr-

p' z. r1

"~."c,.,

Page 13: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

Flexiceramic

..c:': ~~~::- ;.;Z, -

Mellapak Flexipac

"'""..uc'::';"""'" ,.

Montz

(bf

Figure 6.7 (Continued) (b) structured packing materials.

S£fr'Pt?::fI... J""~t:tJL£Y

r,~fD

UF;'X'"'1' /"", MY: 1'1/t 1 1.1 A... j 1 ..,.. I- ro. /'-1.'

Page 14: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

,- '"

DeSIt!rIJ/NC;- A-g50{<P7tl N Tc) L.JEI'C~ : CD

BA-~e:D 0 N -r~ to NCEI' rS :

C l '> M A ,.. ~ {<..I A- L... E At;, r4 ~ Co, G'" J-l-o D IE: L-

(;2.) rLoo"DING-- ~A--L-t4 L-lt Tr 0 j.J

(') B:reLII VE "

.f I AJ I> -r (.) w e: «.. I-f k I t;-/t T +- 'l> f ..4-1-1 ~ T ~

--

f _YA,J6.., '" ...'" , M I1-f6flllf-L B,4L.-AtJ ~E:: :

, L..A,. X~

',) C,,-('OL-\.(\d -to>fo+colCoo1.r"..r\),(

(

(\ IN .::'" o~-rI' (XI d )

~ V + L&\,. x~ -::: j",- V,,- -I- L X

Vb ) ~bSclv.e k j ~

b J ,)(b j;:: (~) X -t- [~.::_~~ ~ ]

0 P~~AII t.J~ L/ J..JE:

Slof~ Of L:~e.. .:: 1::::. y1-tV/4r"

V ~ ~..s;JI

Page 15: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

DP, LI to.! ~

j

J~.s

f~4J<..

X

.J!A~. fh&tJe

,JO'1E,s:---,) 13 OTTo M 1..-0 c.4-7/ 6 /I.J

:::tt.JL~1 G-IrS ;I,G-H-E~ ~ .,.Jt. I N SOL-Ute:--.2) (0 f LOCA-'T16,.J

C (..C, TL.~-r (}A-S H.4-<; t...,E. >5 5'0 L-U TE-

3) 6r. L-/tJ~ PrJOVE" lE::Q, L'I'.JE:

C 0 fJ C ./ JJ G- IrS P f} ,4- J (;" 'G- R. ~...,. e:.L -r 11- ,4- t-J

1c:;:Q. ~ 1'-1 ft-Ss Ti !riJJPE::f- P/{c) ~ (j-,+S -? LI Ql.« ('P .

Page 16: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

fLOOD I ~& C 1t-Lt-U L A If ~ r-J: @

--

rR~SJ"(..l~e. 'D~~<'

f i"'. 11,.)" C

\ H e~ ~

\

~~ S/+Fg"~~,,"e

~ r ~ God J e:t;

Lf::; ~ ( GA-S fL-u..~J f(~~/NG-1 &A-5/LI &. p.(ope;,zIJ£.s)

G- 2. ~ 0.\ -fo-r ~r/J\.z...o

If..:: -~---~.~~~- ~ 0 ' () 0 -'::J G-al. f f' ~ , <.. -f ~

d~ (e)( -e~) ed J l ;J-O or...

t: j ~ ~"C-~I\.'d-.f-tz. ~ ~~+~r \

( J;(f~'.si~ 0+ f~~~))

~ r~~ ~ O.o3t.f( ~ \ .:;: o. O~,( ~ \ .J;or &...:r/~JD

b- 'it J -r;:e:; ~'tJ ) y' ) ~ 14.f~

~ ' ..10°C,....t' C .ct ...~'e.5 ~a.. -r -

Page 17: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

(!f)f\ .4 "T ~ ,e J ,:-:} L B ,4- L...14- tJ t.. tE: -=== / If E:; I (!,-l+'f

(L..C>O1/ INf!J- MuLA Lt4-T/O N ...:=:;/ -:Pr.4-1'i ~-r~

-

G-~-r-r, N C:r STPrfL-re-l>,.,

'J( ; t"- I KvtOwl1.,( :

( ( ') Cr A-> f Lo &..J I ~ ( V 0 r G-'iJ)

(2. ) G-A-5 C6 t-'1 'os /7/ 0 ,A.J J kJ (~ b)

.(3') fRPrt-rJ 0 rJ S oLl-4. --r~ «e;1""tUVE: D

(A-t'OtA.)5 c"It.t-tl-/:;v\.-\ ot- j~)

(4) LtG.. ('ot-t.-foJ",-r/oI\J ItIJ (X~)

l 5") c Go .1:> 1'r'"T A

(lc) t1A-.fj -rRlrrJ5Pe;«.. Coe:;f~/C--'~tJr 'i)I'r'(A.

( ~;) J ~~) Kj) Kx) ka~ k.~~) Ku &\. J I<x~)

LA set k e 5 e.. W k -t.. ~~~~~:J~ ~

o../-e A. t..\ ~ ~o L..J tI\

~

Page 18: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

--

i

(:§)TJ(;~e 1 ~~:".s:

(, ') L I &. fLoL.AJ R A---rE:: (L or G-x)

L~) to, (OS'TrbtJ of L-fQL..{(D Ov'-T (Xb)

(3) 6 P , rJ C 0 Lu. h tJ ( F L-o O'D I tJ ~ )

[4) kiN"'!> of fPrCKING-

(6) CCLU fJIN etoS's-St:t.'1 C N4L A-.e.e: f\

(Co) C--OLUM tJ H-~, &ff-r.

E'X,+HL I!:: COLL-fHIJ 1),A HE::7 e::~ + ~ P-

H-2, D

(o? N~) ?AC,K.,"t-.Jc.t..'.

Iff 1:""f,,-/o~ SA-D1>J.,e-.s.

T.= ~oa ~ ".=;. \, +~

(CoSGf)

t JS',OO o!:!!. j""l.ef c,.~ I /6 I,'~~r ~ (~== ~

2'. N H) ~ vol'1.~f.. :f',.1"--,._,.,""",j~".,.",,

Page 19: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

.I !I I.

(tl.) it G-d.=. 1(G7).f;I,oJ ((i)

~ _7t .[ !...IT~.,..)G~ C

A-s w',+h ~o s.-r b t -tkJ-e +k.. II1j~) LA s.-e ~ 6((e--/e +.e J d A.--l:e.- :

5,000

2,000

..cI

N.;t:

:Q 1,000

~~:l:-'0a"'Qi> 500

0>c:

"5aa

ii:

200

100

1,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000

liquid moss velocity Gx, Ib/ft2 -h

FIGURE 18.5Flooding velocities in ceramic Intalox saddles, air-water system. (1,000 lb/ft2. h =1.356 kg/m2. s)

I

1<e~~~) ~ .= J .:::j 5: O) -f 0(" I II ~"JJ foej

(G- ) .~ '-t{ ,.J (i .= (~\ -:=: (700::!--

~ a Hz-,L,l"

--

Page 20: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

I

()lI'-r d- .:- J (G-~)r l ' ::;- ~so Ib (i)U 2. +-QO~ .-

-t.fz .krI

[;+~\ ~; +(~w -= :2~/OOO~

hv""

~ v\ \}-tf -f- -+ c \ ~S' ...c:.) e '6

Pr" J .Y' W .() t 1"'- .; C :21 ) ( 0 I 11) + (17) ( 0 I 0 2-) -=..2 8' .f- Co .

L _7 L -1~ ~c~foV\.e

.I\.,-r

e == Co2 r I ""1-- ~) l :::: l :l 5. ~ "" ) J!:!- i_.!.-r::.:.:~i~~.:~~~ J

f RT l h~ lO,'1-:?'o Z .f.4J ,c.:fw-. )

If"~ w ~ -~ -~ = 0, 0 ~Lf (p I 6

VO/L4.~t.; (pt-tLf~O)o,,- ff3

.

":::" oll) 00 ()~] \ (). 0""=1 Lf (0 I L,\ L1 '1 ) b-/ I :::., i to " -

hr f-t.l h +-f2. .~ ~ .f- 2.

Crorf -5.e:t~~J\-\.e..-1 D\,:/ell.-::: I ~~i.4! --.:: J, /; -f

h'l"" ~r;() Ib

-==> H-e,{e. ~+ ~'Y ~1 co(QV'-1n.I /

!"J~" J...ii.j"" I'i"""",

Page 21: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

C

fl' ..

-=) cQ",.p-fl..,;;: J'r 1>~O~E:~ (i)-

Lf

-:") ~ .;;- (. {p 1- ++-/ .Y-ro..,..)'C~

NOie:-'. LJr2: lASe:D I" .:r-~t~lc)C;. ~~JJlej'.~

i fay Col~~V' d~..sjj~tiI

..l. Dp"'c.~..~> LI -0.1j

DT 0 v-I (.- If-

1\ \ ,V\. "\

r .e ("c ::: :;- 0, a <::; ( L 0, I )

-,c.ot.f :~

W~d: p(tr~+ tlc,..II\V1.e,,(:t\~,c:::- -

b} 'P(fSJ~(~ D(DC?

J

Page 22: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

6),

2.0

OJc

:s 1.00a. 0.8

.;C""-P. 0.6c~

~-<1

200 300 400 600 1,000 2,000 5,000

Air mass velacity, Gr. Ib/ft2 -h

FIGURE 18.4Pressure drop in a packed tower for air-water system with I-in. lntaloxsaddles. (1,000 lb/ft2. h = 1.356 kg/m2. s; 1 in. H2O/ft = 817 Palm)

Cr .:: G.",";:r 8~t\ ~ ..:?:) 0 .J) ; '" Hl. 0X 4" 1./ -

.t-f.V\t'" .(1--+

.J,~ 0 '-'l (" C ~ 0 (+- ':2;-tr'r' e..

i ~ c-ul~V'. ~..s ZO ..fl( k~) l I;?;) ~~ -:;; ~ .,V\ ""2--0

=/ O. 2~ ~+"""- ---

~ ~--r .~S 1& ~I PrcA-tJ-r -5== -::===

~~

~ C~O5 ~ YulAl- fA-tK./ N&- l.J15-e;~y

,",,~

Page 23: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

I

to L4 H t.J ~ E"J G- HT: ( ""2:T ) ([i)-

~ C-ft-t-.) -g e- "'D ~ -r e t. h I r..J (:?: D FR..o f'"1 L- I Q. u ~ c- A-5 P ff- A- s e-

"'2::T = Hod NoJ =: Hox tJDX

0 Ve: {<. r4-L..- L G-f\- S ;

--: -= vi S H~/j"-I 0-1 -fr~I1-,-4-r

I HoG --~ L-t~ :~ b~.fe J "'"

K J ~ D~~;~~II J~..! /lot GJ J

-f,AL-.I W ~c.)-e #..C!:~""+~ .

tJ () d = ~..d: C~ f I .."" ~ -f eo.. () ~

J -J ~ o-f S+fj.e.s

0 V E ~rt-LL LI Q l-{ I D "

1+ = L / 5 He.-i,tf 0+ +(~I.1.s~

OX L{",~-f b4seJ (/V\ o~'K q,' -

X Li~. ~lt $.1 -fr'"etl-f.J-k l' 6 -e .f,(: c.; ~-f'

j d~rJOX = ~-; ~pl:~+~"'j + of

s+~eJ $"",I ill',"

Page 24: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

--

(Jj)v -= ~ d~f flow (c..+e [< J ~+~ t"'r\.e.

$.=: c (0 f ;- -S.e c. ~'~ej G\.I" <. c [ .=:. j .t...)+~ 2

L .= ~ 110' ~tlw rc...te [..::] ~

! +(. VY\e.!i

~ c.,. '.:; Ovt.('~11 Qf\J pk".f< ~'Jr -fr&..4A..ff.: ~ .)e++':c~~+

-I

[:::;j ~me

!(X ~ ;- Of.e,.r 11 L-~~. f~"'Je M4SJ -tre,.c j tv ~c)e +1:c..:~+

-/

[::::] -t;~

~ =:; lovJ-eI'" he.;) L+ L"::' ] Jl., J +'h

~" Cf+N G-e-r kd 0'-.. + Kx ~ -t f<T"r'V\

l i ~;Vi J~""I Mi1SS -frk.~J~ ~oe.~t.~.e"",-f!.I 1

( See ~It.s J -t ,&t."1 f toe-, M t.l ).

Page 25: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

I

I

~x A-N f ~~ : TCI LA..) e:: t.. 1+ I::; I G---rt -r @

r r L.J ~ -+ c r

11 ,( ~-t\.~~ 0:+ r\

Jt;°c-'A+~

L 3,o'~ A1 c..J SW~

r;- fir .s f /l..{ ~;:. 2 0 f"""..() I---hr. +-fl.

L,&. FI~~~ IOC:l~~1--~-

~1".+-f1..

t:: Q. , ~A'1 p, : (j + =: 3. 1 X (i! ...2 r;O(

L~ :::. ~O ~II f'~,x / ~r' tf. u~'.f ~'~Co\~.(..: l\"-

I- ,,=- I C; ~~c1 = .

!Ar. +-I. IAn~f e tr"c+1 i"'-I

.,'""""'" colO,

Page 26: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

(~"') F, ~ 'l> No;] J H-°j .oct- .:cT @)

./t-55~ t'-t{JTf () ,JJ : ..ISi> +ler~,-li

t ~o C.,lc".~';J.IL \~ ~(Li&... P(O\.,...l (,-+e-.5

L Cf I L; "--e. 'k4...j <!-Mr+~-t sf()(-e..

I C ~ .M- s-+('~~u~+ l \ v\-e..)

~"-:; ? A-ssl.\.m~ ~lel:,."" w c...~ .:::.") X~ = 0

~ 1rr-.~: ~~h = f"'olfJ Pr ~JJ e.J A- (t,6Io.i"oeJ ~ 0 ) C () I 03') ( 0 , &f,)

'--- ---Mbl.l..l -tb-t-G..1 l a Q

'- ,.s.S"~~~J t~~+~r'\'+

X b == .O. 0 () S-, Y

r;Q I Lir'\.!-"' j: = (3, 1)(O.()O5"~Lf~ = 6. ~ 1~4 I

R, v, tJ& f () ~ t e; : ~ u-r 1, I 1\1 E;1tr- L ..:::) L{) (}- H e; A-~

(S~~'L-A--t.. -:-r-~ tf~/r'1 -r~f+,Jspep-)

(;;) Lo () I ~ -L1 ~.::: (070 )(u, 03 Yo,o I) -0 3\.::: \ .~~ u"t -~ -0 -0, co

20

ill'i~"",.. Ii' " I ,,'"

Page 27: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

I,

G 10 0++ 0 M '. ~ R -lj t::; () , 03 -0 I 0 I 8 Y / @

= O. 6 \ 154

~ = tJh-\j:) -(jc..-:J:)L ~ -.= O,O()30~

~ ( ~~~-:~~- jl\,*

tJ 0 j':;:; J __~L

~-~~

~ ).ds \.-t.! .,(" b.f+',.t~+e' ~ C~~+c...V\+ -for 'J"'b~

No.;;;"' r ~ ::::: -b j dd == ~J J E;SL.. ~ Jt... ~ ""

~} 0.01 -0.00u3

IVO~=:; --= ,.to I

0.00301 -:-- --

) t fl.,r.-i-; f""&.,..( j +e,,~

~arl o~ ~ e~J a.bl\.4,~~.~d,,"c

Page 28: LJ HA-, IS 11-8.s -- I

N.q.,,)C.-f I Ho~ ." b~..lr ~-e-ed K'J ~ @

~(6fe f;Q L; r\-e.

\ ) M~,::; ---+ -~-

I< ~ c R -J G... ~ ~

\ ( 1,1--=:; --+ :::- 0 ' I ) ~s 3

, K I) ~O

~"""

.::::) k c\ =; ~ I 4 r:;

j

. . )I L -:L 0 ~ I #, ~ '1 n+[TO ot 3 ~ ;-~ l".~~L-~-~ r ) ( g , 4)' ~~ -~::====:: -'

rt°(':r

~ ..::: ({. ~ / 'x ..1. 3 ':} ).:::; ;( ::) .-'1- t-fT

$;1\1\; I "-r 4. t'\,,( \lr)J:) -fo" I '1' f k~Je,

l}r)"'l~~ 1.1...:1:: U... kJ"". J: N/)IA L I- ~o~ tJo~ ~ ~O~ tJ~X