Living Things Need Energy

Chapter 2 Section 2

Getting Energy…• Organisms have to have energy- at all

times- to survive. • Energy comes from food.

– Plants use the sun to make food and energy through photosynthesis.

– Animals get their food and energy from eating other organisms.

Producers

• Organisms that can make their own food (usually through photosynthesis).

Consumers

• Organisms that cannot make their own food• Consumers eat other organisms to get

energy and food.• There are three types of consumers:

–Herbivores–Carnivores–Omnivores

Consumer 1: HERBIVORE

• Vegetarians (They eat vegetables and plants.)• Examples:

– Rabbits– Deer– Giraffes

Consumer 2: Carnivore

• Carnivores are animals that eat other animals.– Frogs (eat insects)– Spiders– Lions– Dogs

Consumer 3: Omnivore

• Animals that eat plants and animals• Examples:

– Pigs– Humans– Bears– Racoons– Owls– Vultures*

*Scavengers are a type of

omnivore that eats dead plants

and animals.

Decomposers

• Organisms that get energy by breaking down dead organisms (including waste).

• They take the stored energy from the dead material, while producing simple materials, like carbon dioxide and water.

• Examples:– Fungi– Bacteria– Earthworms

FOOD CHAIN!

• This is a model of one specific feeding relationship in an ecosystem. (A CHAIN THAT SHOWS WHO EATS WHO.)

• Example:– Shrubs are food for deer and the deer is food

for a mountain lion. – So you food chain would look like this:

Mountain Lion = Carnivore

Deer = Herbivore

Shrub = Producer

Eats

Eats

FOOD WEB!

• This is a more advanced food chain- that shows what ALL organisms eat and what eats them in an ecosystem.

• (LOOKS LIKE A SPIDER WEB!!!)

Food Web example

Part II: Symbiosis

Symbiosis

• Any close relationship between organisms

• There are three types of relationships:– Mutualism– Commensalism– Parasitism

Mutualism

• A relationship where both organisms benefit (get something good).

This is a nice

relationship.

I agree. It is lovely.

Mutualism Example

Fruit-eating birds will eat the fruits off of plants. The fruit is food for the bird, but the bird also spreads the plant’s seeds (by pooping them out while flying). This allows the plants to grow in different areas. Both organisms are happy!

Commensalism

• A relationship where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected or doesn’t even know.

I love our relationship!

I don’t even know who you are.

Commensalism ExampleHummingbirds travel from flower to flower, drinking nectar for food. Mites (small bugs) that also eat nectar, climb into the nose hole of the hummingbird and travel from flower to flower- also drinking nectar! The hummingbird doesn’t even know the mite is there. The mite benefits, but the hummingbird is unaffected.

Parasitism

• A relationship where one organisms benefits and the other is injured, hurt, or killed.

Ha Ha. This relationship is giving me all I need.

It’s killing me.

Literally.

Parasitism Example:

• Heartworms will live in the right side of a dog’s heart. The worms attach to the heart and grow. They will block the heart cavity and will cause death.