16/01/2021

1

LIVESTOCK LOW POWER MONITORING SYSTEM

Nuno Borges Carvalho

Instituto de Telecomunicações -

DETI

Universidade de Aveiro

MOTIVATION

Identification Theft of livestock

Location of livestock

16/01/2021

2

MOTIVATION

• Battery duration for months and some times years.

• Sensor should be embedded into the animal in order to

support harsh environments.

EXISTING SOLUTIONS

Limited autonomy

High costBuild in collar

solutions

Most of them use mobile

communication networks

16/01/2021

3

MAIN DIFICULTIES

Proposed low power radio transceiver

Theoretical current consumption- 0.3μA

Real current consumption- 0.134mA

2 years maximum autonomy

Solution: use a WUR

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREDrone / Base Station LiveStock

Low Power – Low Bit

Rate Radio Transceiver

Backbone

Communication (Mobile

or proprietary)

Low Power – Low Bit

Rate Radio TransceiverWakeup Radio

16/01/2021

4

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Animal Module

WURImpedance Matching Network

RF to DC ConverterNano Power ComparaTor

Atmega 328

CC1110 ED

Drone Module

CC1110AP Arduino

Signal Generator Wake Up 868MHz

Shield GSM GPS

Radio

LIVESTOCK SENSOR

WUR based on a RF-DC converter

16/01/2021

5

WUR - RF TO DC CONVERTER

Input power

Outp

ut

volt

age

WUR – COMPARATOR AND PROCESSOR

The selected processor was ATMEGA 328, which consumes

0.02mA in standby.

Comparator consumes 1.26mA in standby and 4.21mA when

operating

16/01/2021

6

LIVESTOCK SENSOR

4 cm

5.5 cm

Two antenna entries, one for the WUR and another

one for the transmission system

LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

Accommodate the sensor around the horns of the cow

16/01/2021

7

LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

PLA with 100% density - 𝜀𝑟 = 2.2.

LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

ε𝑟= 47.7769 𝑡𝑎𝑛d = 0.3698

16/01/2021

8

LAB MEASURED RESULTS

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

-50 -45 -40 -35 -33 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

Output Voltage vs P_RxO

utp

ut

volt

age

[V]

Input power [dBm]

FIELD MEASUREMENT RESULTS

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

-64.41 -59.41 -54.41 -49.41 -44.41 -39.41 -34.41 -29.41 -24.41

WUR Voltage versus received power

Ar Cabo

16/01/2021

9

CURRENT PATTERN

Conection current partern when

conecting to the drone AP

Conection current partern connected to

the drone AP

ENERGY BUDGET

𝐼𝐼 𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑝= 1.40μ𝐴

𝐼𝐼 𝑂𝑛= 0.28×28𝑚𝐴 + 0.72×10𝑚𝐴 𝐼𝑂𝑛= 15𝑚𝐴

𝐶𝐶 𝑏𝑎𝑡= 2400𝑚𝐴ℎ

𝑇𝑇 𝑜𝑛= 10 seconds

𝑇𝑇 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑦=6∗60∗60−10 seconds = 21590 seconds

𝑇𝑇 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒=𝑇𝑜𝑛+𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑦

𝑇𝑇 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒=10+21590=21600 seconds

𝐷𝐷 𝑜𝑛= 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑇𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝐷𝑜𝑛= 1021600= 4.6296𝑒−004

𝑇𝑇 =𝐶𝑏𝑎𝑡(𝐼𝑂𝑛×𝐷𝑜𝑛+𝐼𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑝(1−𝐷𝑜𝑛))

𝑇𝑇 =28700 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠=11958 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠=32.76 Years

𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇×0.8=32.76×0.8≈26 Years.

16/01/2021

10

DRONE SYSTEM

• Drone Module made using COTS system

Low power Radio

GPS

GSM backbone

CONCLUSIONS

Solution is viable for livestock monitoring

Battery life is reasonable for the expectedlifetime of a cow

WUR is fundamental for increasingbattery life

16/01/2021

11

HISTORY OF BACKSCATTER RADIOThe Great Embassy Seal Bug

• Given as “gift” to US by USSR in 1946;

• Passive transduction of sound, interrogated from

across

the street in the Soviet Embassy;

• Undiscovered until 1952;

• Invented by Leon Theremin;

• Vibrating diaphragm changes capacitive load

seen by antenna;

• Analog speech modulates the backscattered

information;

• Reflected signal looks like small-carrier AM;

CHIPLESS TEMPERATURE MEASURINGWITH BACKSCATTER

22

16/01/2021

12

CHIPLESS TEMPERATURE MEASURINGWITH BACKSCATTER

23

CHIPLESS TEMPERATURE MEASURINGWITH BACKSCATTER

24

16/01/2021

13

QUESTIONS?

25

Arnaldo Oliveira

Pedro Pinho

José Neto Vieira

João Nuno Matos

Pedro Cruz

Ricardo Correia

Daniel Belo

Diogo Ribeiro

André Prata

Daniel Dinis

Ricardo Gonçalves

Daniel Malafaia

Felisberto Pereira

Acknowledgments

Alessandra Costanzo

Ana Collado

Apostolos Georgiadis

Christopher Fager

Dominique Schreurs

José Carlos Pedro

Luca Roselli

Kate Remley

Kevin Gard

Manos Tentzeris

Marc Vanden Bossche

Michael Steer

Naoki Shinohara

Roberto Gomez-

Garcia

Shigeo Kawasaki

Aveiro Group R&D Colleagues

Alírio Boaventura

Nelson Silva

Luis Brás

Ricardo Fernandes

Eduardo Bolas

José Borrego

Wonhoon Jang

Rui Fiel

Jorge Santos

João Santos

Alumni

wpt.ieee.org