livestock health. infectious disease spread from one animal to another contagious caused by...
TRANSCRIPT
Infectious Disease
• Spread from one animal to another
• Contagious
• Caused by bacteria, virus, protozoan, etc.
Non-infectious Disease
• Not spread from one animal to another
• Not Contagious
• Caused by nutrition, environment, etc.
Causes of Disease
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Protozoa
• External Parasites
• Internal Parasites
• Nutrition
Bacterial Diseases
• Single Celled Organism
• 3 shape types
–Rod (bacilli)
–Round (Cocci)
–Sprial (sprilli)
Bacterial Diseases
• Can live individually or in colonies
• Chain-like colony = Strepto-
• Cluster-like colony = Staphylo-
Bacterial diseases
• Some are beneficial, Some are deadly
• Can be killed by antibiotics
• Some produce Spores (can live in soil for many years) = Clostridial
Viral Diseases
• Can be serious, highly contagious, and deadly
• Can only be seen with an electron microscope
• Living or not???
• Cannot be killed by antibiotics
• Vaccines have been developed for most
Protozoans
• Single celled organisms
• Live in water
• Can be transported by insects
• Act as parasites
External Parasites• Attach themselves and live on the outside of
the animal
• May burrow into the skin
• Suck blood to obtain nutrients
• Lay eggs in hide, etc.
• Killed by using pour-on, sprays, injections
• Hair loss is a common symptom
Internal Parasites
• Get into digestive tract, muscle tissue, and/or lungs
• Absorb nutrients from digestive tract or from the blood
• Cause animals to have poor weight gain
• Treat with de-wormers (paste, injection, chewing tobacco)
Nutritional Diseases• Caused by ingesting something that is
toxic to the animal
Examples• Bloat• Founder• Grass Tetany• Hardware Disease
Castration
• Removal of testicles
• Prevents breeding
• Stops Testosterone production– tender meat, higher fat– better disposition
Dehorning
• Removal of horns
• Reduces meat loss from injury
• Take up less room in feed lot and feed bunks
• Prevent injury to self and others
Dehorning - Methods
• Breeding (Polled animals)• Barnes Dehorners• Spoons• Scoops/Gouge• Tube• Saw• Keystone• Chemical
Identification
• Prevents theft
• Allows record keeping on individual animals
• Easy sorting of strays or animals kept on association ranges
Identification - Methods
• Fire brand
• Freeze brand
• Ear tag
• Ear mark/Dewlap/Waddle
• Tattoo
• Neck chain
• Microchip
Vaccinations
• Giving Injections
• Read label for dosage and method of injection
• Subcutaneous - under the skin
• Intramuscular - in the muscle
• Preventing abscesses - use clean, sharp needle, vary injection site
Docking
• Removal of Tails
• Prevents cannibalism
• Promotes hygiene
• Methods:
• Knife
• Elastrator
• Electric docker
Healthy Animals
• Contentment
• Alertness
• Chewing of cud
• Sleek coat
• Bright Eyes
• Normal feces and urine
• Normal Temperature
• Normal Pulse rate
• Normal Respiration