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Livelihoods of Afghan Refugees

Human and Social Capitals

Prepared by Moonzajer

Group Members

Introduction1

Methodology2

Sustainable Livelihood Framework3

Rural Livelihood System4

Conclusion5

Introduction

Since 1979 more than 5 million Afghan refugees have migratedto Pakistan.

The migration process from Afghanistan to Pakistan increasedwith the civil war since 1996.

With return of transitional government in 2002 and electedgovernments in 2004 and 2008 the number of Afghan refugeesliving in Pakistan decreased from 5 million to around 2 million.

Pakistan a poor country itself does not have the means to houseone of the world‘s largest refugee populations. The NationalDatabase and Registration Authority stopped providing proof ofRegistrations (POR) cards for Afghan refugees in 2007

Methodology

Problem Statement: How human and social Capitals of AfghanRefugees in Pakistan affect their livelihood strategies andoutcomes?

Hypothesis: The livelihood strategies and outcomes of Afghanrefugees in Pakistan are directly affected by their human andsocial capitals

Methods and procedures:

A- Deep Literature Review: Journal Papers

B- UNHCR and UNHCR partners Primary Resource

Case studies and indirect observation

Sustainable Livelihood Framework

Vulnerabilities

Conditions - demographic, ethnicity , Gender household

Livelihood Assets

Structure and processes

Livelihood Strategies

Livelihood Outcomes

Rural Livelihood System

Orientations- male

Spaces- male

Bases – male

Orientations – female

Spaces- female

Bases – female

conclusion

Among 22 percent of the Afghan refugees who are economicallyactive are those people with high social capital and those ofthem are men.

Afghan refugees have lost all their social capitals and networksupports while traveling from Afghanistan and leaving theirrelatives

Another concerning issue is the composition of labors done bystructure of ages and where 25 to 50 percent of Afghan refugeeadults are workforce

The findings of UNHCR in 2011 Survey shows that 55 percent ofthe working Afghans are making as day laborers or day paidwhere there is no guarantee for sustainable

conclusion

20 Percent of Afghan refugees living and residing in Pakistansince 1979 were able to accumulate wealth and invest theirmoney in Pakistan. They have invested around 18billion Rs inPakistan as part of their businesses

10 percent of Afghan households receive remittances fromabroad such as Saudi Arabia and UK and Afghanistan which isaround 2.8 million dollar per month which is equal to 255 millionPakistan rupees. Afghanistan only contributes 25 percent tothese remittance for enhancing the education and assets of theirrelative and family members in Pakistan

Our findings also indicates that overall literacy rate amongAfghan refugees in Pakistan is above

33 percent.

conclusion

There are a total of 177,148 students currently enrolled indifferent types and levels of educational pursuits. In terms ofeducational status 79.35% are engaged in formal non-religiouseducation with another 32,305 (18.24%) engaged in gainingreligious knowledge from informal methods.

The average monthly income for income earning Afghan rangesbetween ₨ 6,190 to ₨ 12,205.

people in Charsadda, Kasur, Karachi East and Malir appear tobe poorer than the people living in other districts.

Amongst these economically active people 48.29% are skilledworkers while 51.71% are unskilled.

The Afghan population in Pakistan has been growing at anaverage rate of 3.55 per year.

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