live fire training safety

STRUCTURE FIRE CONTROL INSTRUCTORSTRUCTURE FIRE CONTROL INSTRUCTOR 11

Live Fire Training Live Fire Training

SafetySafety

TERMINAL TERMINAL PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

The student shall describe The student shall describe safety procedures that must safety procedures that must be implemented during live be implemented during live

structure fire control structure fire control training programs.training programs.


ENABLING OBJECTIVESENABLING OBJECTIVES

Identify aspects of NFPA 1403 that Identify aspects of NFPA 1403 that are specifically related to safety. are specifically related to safety.

Identify and describe the duties & Identify and describe the duties & responsibilities of the Safety responsibilities of the Safety Officer.Officer.

Describe safety procedures as they Describe safety procedures as they relate to radio communications relate to radio communications during live fire training evolutions.during live fire training evolutions.


ENABLING OBJECTIVESENABLING OBJECTIVES

Describe medical requirements that Describe medical requirements that must be addressed during live fire must be addressed during live fire training evolutions.training evolutions.

Describe the effects weather may Describe the effects weather may have on live fire training evolutions.have on live fire training evolutions.

Describe the differences between Describe the differences between conducting live fire training conducting live fire training evolutions in burn buildings & evolutions in burn buildings & acquired structures.acquired structures.


CASE STUDYCASE STUDY

Osceola County Fire Osceola County Fire RescueRescue

July 30, 2002July 30, 2002

Line Of Duty DeathsLine Of Duty DeathsLieutenant John MickelLieutenant John MickelFirefighter Dallas BeggFirefighter Dallas Begg


CASE STUDYCASE STUDYFlashover occurred in room of originFlashover occurred in room of originDeaths result of smoke inhalation & Deaths result of smoke inhalation & thermal injuriesthermal injuriesNo concerns regarding fire/building No concerns regarding fire/building conditionsconditionsNo evidence anyone could foresee No evidence anyone could foresee flashoverflashoverSurprised by what they saw on Surprised by what they saw on videovideoMattress could have contributed to Mattress could have contributed to flashoverflashover


THE STRUCTURETHE STRUCTURE

1600 ft.21600 ft.2

3 bedrooms3 bedrooms

2 bathrooms2 bathrooms

Laundry Laundry roomroom

Living roomLiving room

KitchenetteKitchenette


THE TRAINING SESSIONTHE TRAINING SESSION

Two fuel Two fuel pilespiles– In open In open

closetclosetTwo palletsTwo pallets

Scraps or Scraps or wood & haywood & hay


THE TRAINING SESSIONTHE TRAINING SESSION Four interior safety officers in two teamsFour interior safety officers in two teams The two deceased firefighters assigned as The two deceased firefighters assigned as

SARSAR SAR Team entered at the front (east) doorSAR Team entered at the front (east) door

Right-hand search patternRight-hand search pattern AT-1 followed them & stayed in room between AT-1 followed them & stayed in room between

dining room & bedroom where fire was dining room & bedroom where fire was locatedlocated 1¾” hose line with solid bore nozzle1¾” hose line with solid bore nozzle

AT-2 waited at front doorway AT-2 waited at front doorway 1¾” pre-connected hose line with variable fog 1¾” pre-connected hose line with variable fog

nozzlenozzle One firefighter on exterior to ventilateOne firefighter on exterior to ventilate Two firefighters on RITTwo firefighters on RIT


THE TRAINING SESSIONTHE TRAINING SESSION SAR Team encountered deteriorating SAR Team encountered deteriorating

conditions as it entered a small room conditions as it entered a small room off the dining room that accessed the off the dining room that accessed the hallway to the fire roomhallway to the fire room High heat, no visibility due to heavy smoke. High heat, no visibility due to heavy smoke.

Both of the Interior Safety Officers Both of the Interior Safety Officers

monitoring activities of the fire room monitoring activities of the fire room area stated area stated They heard Lieutenant SAR team ask They heard Lieutenant SAR team ask

partner if he had searched entire room and partner if he had searched entire room and They heard the answer yesThey heard the answer yes


THE TRAINING SESSIONTHE TRAINING SESSION Safety Officer yelled into fire room area Safety Officer yelled into fire room area

asking if SAR Team was outasking if SAR Team was out Someone answered “yes”Someone answered “yes”

No one knows whoNo one knows who An Interior Safety Officer was to follow An Interior Safety Officer was to follow

SAR Team out once they exited the fire SAR Team out once they exited the fire room room Assumed that he missed them going out of Assumed that he missed them going out of

the fire room the fire room Began searching through the rest of the Began searching through the rest of the

structurestructure


Live FootageLive Footage

THE AFTERMATHTHE AFTERMATH

Osceola News GazetteOsceola News GazetteNovember 21, 2002November 21, 2002

No charges in 2 fire No charges in 2 fire deathsdeaths

State to examine State to examine county training on county training on

issue in December 2001issue in December 2001


THE AFTERMATHTHE AFTERMATH No criminal charges filedNo criminal charges filed Too much fuel for the size of the roomToo much fuel for the size of the room

Including a foam mattress that was added Including a foam mattress that was added after ignition. after ignition.

No written plan No written plan Accountability was not maintainedAccountability was not maintained Not enough ventilationNot enough ventilation Flashover was precipitated by the Flashover was precipitated by the

combination two factors:combination two factors: High fuel loadHigh fuel load Inadequate ventilationInadequate ventilation


SAFETY SAFETY PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

SS


SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN NFPA 1403NFPA 1403

-Safety is the most -Safety is the most important aspect of the important aspect of the trainingtraining-Develop a safety plan -Develop a safety plan

Shall be reviewed in Shall be reviewed in the safety briefingthe safety briefing

Shall be reviewed Shall be reviewed with each student prior to with each student prior to starting the evolutionstarting the evolution

-Pre-plan for the worse case -Pre-plan for the worse case scenario scenario -Incident Safety Officer must -Incident Safety Officer must be assignedbe assigned



Instructor-in-charge ensures Instructor-in-charge ensures adequate attack hose lines are in adequate attack hose lines are in place prior to starting place prior to starting Minimum 95 gpm for each hose lineMinimum 95 gpm for each hose line

One instructor shall be assigned One instructor shall be assigned to each functional groupto each functional groupNo more than 5 members per groupNo more than 5 members per group

At least one member assigned as At least one member assigned as the interior division supervisorthe interior division supervisor


SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN NFPA 1403NFPA 1403 Walk-ThroughWalk-Through

This shall be conducted prior to This shall be conducted prior to starting any fires inside of the starting any fires inside of the structure. structure.

You shall ensure that the building is You shall ensure that the building is safe and that no one has entered safe and that no one has entered the structure.the structure.HomelessHomelessAnimalsAnimals



Fire Sets:Fire Sets:-Only one fire set -Only one fire set shall be utilized at shall be utilized at a timea time-Once a fire set has -Once a fire set has been used up, been used up, overhaul the areaoverhaul the area-If possible place -If possible place someone on fire someone on fire watch to ensure watch to ensure that the fire has that the fire has not extended to not extended to void spacesvoid spaces

Is this correct?



Students shall not be allowed to be Students shall not be allowed to be the ignition officer for the the ignition officer for the evolutionevolution

Ensure that all lines are in place Ensure that all lines are in place and ready to be operatedand ready to be operated

No fire shall be started with out the No fire shall be started with out the direct order of the IC direct order of the IC

Do not become the Headline Story Do not become the Headline Story by failing to ensure Operational by failing to ensure Operational Safety.Safety.

SAFETY OFFICERSAFETY OFFICER

Someone who is Someone who is experienced with live experienced with live fire training and has a fire training and has a good understanding of good understanding of

dangerous building dangerous building conditions.conditions.

SAFETY OFFICERSAFETY OFFICERShall have the Shall have the

authority, regardless of authority, regardless of rank, to intervene & rank, to intervene & control any aspect of control any aspect of the operation when in the operation when in

his/her judgment, a his/her judgment, a potential or real danger potential or real danger

of accident or other of accident or other unsafe condition exists.unsafe condition exists.


DUTIES OF THE DUTIES OF THE SAFETY OFFICERSAFETY OFFICER

Works for the ICWorks for the ICObtains briefing from ICObtains briefing from ICRepresents safety through Represents safety through normal chain of commandnormal chain of commandStops operations or vetoes plan Stops operations or vetoes plan if safety hazard is detectedif safety hazard is detectedAppointed for all live fire Appointed for all live fire training evolutionstraining evolutionsNot assigned other dutiesNot assigned other duties



OVERALL RESPONSIBILITIESOVERALL RESPONSIBILITIES

Prevent unsafe Prevent unsafe actsacts

Eliminate unsafe Eliminate unsafe conditionsconditions

Intervene & Intervene & terminate terminate unsafe activitiesunsafe activities



SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIESSPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIESSupervises safety staffSupervises safety staffReviews training safety planReviews training safety planProvides for safety of all participantsProvides for safety of all participantsAttends & participates in all instructor Attends & participates in all instructor briefingsbriefingsCoordinates with other sectors to Coordinates with other sectors to ensure safe placement & operationensure safe placement & operationInvestigates & report in writing all:Investigates & report in writing all:– AccidentsAccidents - Near Accidents- Near Accidents– Safety hazardsSafety hazards - Corrected safety hazards- Corrected safety hazards



SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIESSPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIESEnsures accountability of Ensures accountability of participantsparticipantsEnsures evacuation plan, signal, & Ensures evacuation plan, signal, & muster area are established & muster area are established & communicated to troopscommunicated to troopsDetermines & designates Determines & designates operations area perimeteroperations area perimeter– Must have proper PPE to enterMust have proper PPE to enter

Immediately stops safety Immediately stops safety violations/hazardsviolations/hazards



SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIESSPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIESMaintains awareness of all activitiesMaintains awareness of all activities

Ensures proper fire load & accelerant Ensures proper fire load & accelerant typetype

Monitors condition of participantsMonitors condition of participants

Inspects all participants PPEInspects all participants PPE

Monitors heat & smoke conditionsMonitors heat & smoke conditions

Observes structural integrity & report Observes structural integrity & report changes to Commandchanges to Command

Maintains activity logMaintains activity log


COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Ensure fully operational radiosEnsure fully operational radiosRadios set to training frequencyRadios set to training frequencyUse plain textUse plain textGive each person call signGive each person call sign– Ensure they can operate radioEnsure they can operate radio

Reviews procedure for Reviews procedure for accident/mayday notificationaccident/mayday notificationSafety stays off radio unless Safety stays off radio unless there is a problemthere is a problem


EMERGENCY MEDICAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICESSERVICES

Must be on scene before live fire Must be on scene before live fire activity beginsactivity begins

May not be detailed for other May not be detailed for other operationsoperations

If transport occurs: If transport occurs: – Replacement unit must be on Replacement unit must be on

scene, orscene, or– Operations must be suspendedOperations must be suspended

HYDRATIONHYDRATION

Students should be Students should be encouraged to drink encouraged to drink water a week before water a week before

the training.the training.

Additionally, team Additionally, team leaders should ensure leaders should ensure that students drink 3-5 that students drink 3-5 cups of water during cups of water during

each break.each break.


Gear InspectionGear InspectionStudent gear and instructor gear Student gear and instructor gear needs to be inspected prior to the needs to be inspected prior to the start of trainingstart of training

Look for holes, burns, low Look for holes, burns, low cylinders, and damaged cylinders, and damaged equipmentequipment

Ensure that equipment used is Ensure that equipment used is NFPA approvedNFPA approved

Must be documentedMust be documented


MEDICAL INFORMATIONMEDICAL INFORMATION-Students with known -Students with known medical problems medical problems should be cleared should be cleared prior to trainingprior to training-Any student with -Any student with know drug allergies know drug allergies should advise should advise instructors prior to instructors prior to trainingtraining-Vital signs should be -Vital signs should be monitored prior to monitored prior to training and during training and during rehabrehab


WEATHERWEATHER Evaluate the Evaluate the

weather conditions weather conditions prior to going to prior to going to the training site.the training site.

Consider Consider postponing or postponing or curtailing the curtailing the training activity training activity during inclement during inclement weather conditionsweather conditions


WEATHERWEATHER

SummerSummer

WinterWinter

StormsStorms


BURN BUILDINGSBURN BUILDINGSVSVS

ACQUIRED STRUCTURESACQUIRED STRUCTURESBURN BUILDINGBURN BUILDING

No integrity No integrity problemsproblems

ACQUIRED ACQUIRED STRUCTURESTRUCTUREBurns fasterBurns faster

Decays quickerDecays quickerMay collapse May collapse

without warningwithout warning


Preparing for the Preparing for the EmergencyEmergency

Interior Safety, Group Leaders and Interior Safety, Group Leaders and Back Up Line Group Leader should Back Up Line Group Leader should be familiar with RIT proceduresbe familiar with RIT proceduresA MAYDAY should be called in the A MAYDAY should be called in the event of a student/instructor event of a student/instructor emergencyemergencyThe person in distress ( medical or The person in distress ( medical or equipment failure ) needs to be equipment failure ) needs to be removed through the fastest and removed through the fastest and safest means possiblesafest means possible


Preparing for the Preparing for the EmergencyEmergency

Interior Safety Officer(s) and Interior Safety Officer(s) and Back Up Line Group Leader need Back Up Line Group Leader need to handle FF with problemto handle FF with problem

Group leader that has students, Group leader that has students, shall maintain PAR on them and shall maintain PAR on them and not commit to rescue until not commit to rescue until his/her students are out of IDLH his/her students are out of IDLH


Packaging vs. Dirty GrabPackaging vs. Dirty Grab

Use “Dirty Grab” ( removing FF Use “Dirty Grab” ( removing FF with no packaging ) when close with no packaging ) when close to an exit and no stairs or to an exit and no stairs or ladders are involved with egressladders are involved with egress

Packaging must be done, when a Packaging must be done, when a great distance is to be traveled great distance is to be traveled or ladders or stairs are presentor ladders or stairs are present


PackagingPackaging

To ensure the SCBA and other To ensure the SCBA and other PPE are not pulled off during PPE are not pulled off during egressegress

SCBA waist strap is unbuckled SCBA waist strap is unbuckled and reattached between FF’s and reattached between FF’s legslegs

Straps are then tightened to Straps are then tightened to prevent SCBA, coat, or pants prevent SCBA, coat, or pants from coming offfrom coming off


SCBA and PPE RemovalSCBA and PPE Removal

Once the FF is out of the Once the FF is out of the structure, a systematic removal structure, a systematic removal of gear is neededof gear is needed

Each person involved in rescue Each person involved in rescue should be assigned a specific should be assigned a specific task in the removaltask in the removal

Helmet and facepiece should be Helmet and facepiece should be firstfirst


SCBA and PPE RemovalSCBA and PPE Removal

Next the shoulder straps of the Next the shoulder straps of the SCBA should be unthreaded from SCBA should be unthreaded from each othereach other

After this, remove the coat and After this, remove the coat and glovesgloves

Finally, remove the pants and Finally, remove the pants and bootsboots


REVIEW ENABLING REVIEW ENABLING OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

We have identified aspects of We have identified aspects of NFPA 1403 that are specifically NFPA 1403 that are specifically related to safety. related to safety.

We have identified and described We have identified and described the duties & responsibilities of the duties & responsibilities of the Safety Officer.the Safety Officer.

We have described safety We have described safety procedures as they relate to radio procedures as they relate to radio communications during live fire communications during live fire training evolutions.training evolutions.


REVIEW ENABLING REVIEW ENABLING OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

We have described medical We have described medical requirements that must be addressed requirements that must be addressed during live fire training evolutions.during live fire training evolutions.

We have described the effects We have described the effects weather may have on live fire weather may have on live fire training evolutions.training evolutions.

We have described the differences We have described the differences between conducting live fire training between conducting live fire training evolutions in burn buildings & evolutions in burn buildings & acquired structures.acquired structures.


END OF SECTIONEND OF SECTION

ONON

LIVE FIRE LIVE FIRE TRAINING SAFETYTRAINING SAFETY

live fire training safety

Documents

live structure

small room

control training programs

room of originflashover

thedining room

room betweenat

training safetysafety

sar sar team