lithium-ionen-batterien für elektrofahrzeuge
TRANSCRIPT
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte mit dem Fokus Nachhaltigkeit:Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien für Elektrofahrzeuge
14. Zulieferforum der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Zulieferindustrie
26. Januar 2010 ∙ Frankfurt
Dr. Jörg KümpersJohnson Controls Saft Advanced Power Solutions GmbH
Agendage da
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte:
El kt f h d V H b id El kt t
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte: Lithium-Ionen-Batterien für Elektrofahrzeuge
• Elektrofahrzeuganwendungen: Vom Hybrid zum Elektroauto
• Schlüsselfaktoren fortschrittlicher Batterietechnologien
• Aktuelle Trends bei der Entwicklung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
JCS Advanced Power Solutions2
Johnson Controls – Global FootprintGlobal Technology Centers for Development and ManufacturingGlobal Technology Centers for Development and Manufacturing
Bordeaux, FranceNersac, France Hannover, Milwaukee, C FBordeaux, FranceLi-Ion Pilot Line
& Research
Nersac, France NiMH & Li-Ion
production
Hannover, Germany
System Integration
Milwaukee, US
Li-Ion Lab
Cergy, FranceBMS NiMH & Li-Ion
Global Capabilities• Product Planning• Benchmarking
• Purchasing • Product Development
Shanghai, PRCDevelopment
Facility
• Consumer Research• Design Studio• Advanced Engineering
• Prototype Shop • Chemical Labs• Testing
• Project Management• Quality Systems
• Production Process/Prove Out• Manufacturing
JCS Advanced Power Solutions33
Johnson Controls SAFT – Global FootprintGlobal Technology Centers for Development and Manufacturing
JCS started Li-Ion Cell Production for Automotive Applications in
Global Technology Centers for Development and Manufacturing
for Automotive Applications inNersac, France in January 2008
Nersac, FranceNersac, France NiMH & Li-Ion
production
JCS Advanced Power Solutions
Johnson Controls SAFT – Global Footprint – Manufacturing
Holland, Michigan USA
Li-Ion production
Johnson Controls-Saft announced plans to build its first U.S. cell manufacturing facility for lithium-ion hybrid batteries in Holland, Michigan
The plant will start production in 2011
I h H ll d Mi h f ili i $220 illiInvestment to the Holland, Mich., facility is app $220 million.
Initial capacity of 15 million lithium-ion cells.
JCS Advanced Power Solutions
Agendage da
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte:
El kt f h d V H b id El kt t
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte: Lithium-Ionen-Batterien für Elektrofahrzeuge
• Elektrofahrzeuganwendungen: Vom Hybrid zum Elektroauto
• Schlüsselfaktoren fortschrittlicher Batterietechnologien
• Aktuelle Trends bei der Entwicklung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
JCS Advanced Power Solutions6
There are Multiple Types of Hybrids
Micro HEV (a.k.a Stop/Start)Low voltage Shuts down engine at idle to save fuelExample: BMW 1,3 mini series – JCI is the world leader in AGM micro hybrid batteries
Mild HEVLow to medium voltageIncludes stop-start, regeneration braking and acceleration assist Example: Saturn Vue, S-class, 7-series
Full HEVHigh voltageI l d ll ild HEV f t PLUS l t i l tiIncludes all mild HEV features PLUS electric-only operating range and optionally, multiple axle electric drive Example: Ford Escape, Toyota Prius
JCS Advanced Power Solutions7
There are Multiple Types of Hybrids
Plug-In Hybrid (PHEV)High voltage Includes all full hybrid features PLUSelectric-only operation for ~20 milesAbility to recharge battery through 120V electrical outlet(in addition to regenerative braking)( g g)Demonstration vehicles: GM Saturn VUE, Dodge Transit, Ford Escape
Electric Vehicle (EV)( )High voltageNo internal combustion engineRecharge battery through 120V electrical outletDemonstration vehicles : Mitsubishi i-EV
Fuel CellsHigh VoltageHigh VoltageNo internal combustion engine Full gas hybrid functionalityDemonstration vehicles: Daimler, Ford, Honda, Toyota, GM
JCS Advanced Power Solutions
y
8
Fuel Economy can be enhanced by increasing electric Power
Electric Power
Full HybridFull Hybrid
Electric Power
15 kW15 kW• > 200V• Electric propulsion
R ti B ki
Mild H b idMild H b id10 kW10 kW
• Regenerative Braking• Boost• Start/Stop
Mild HybridMild Hybrid10 kW10 kW• 42V – 150V• Combined Starter/Alternator• Limited Boost / Regeneration• Start/Stop
• 42V – 150V• Combined Starter/Alternator• Limited Boost / Regeneration• Start/Stop
Micro HybridsMicro Hybrids5 kW5 kW
••
• 12/42V• Combined Starter/Alternator• Start/Stop
• 12/42V• Combined Starter/Alternator• Start/Stop
Fuel Economy5% 10% 25%20%15%
Fuel Economy5% 10% 25%20%15%
JCS Advanced Power Solutions9
Battery Innovation “fuels” the Drive to sustainable Transportation
ittio
n B
enef
Pure Electric
MildH b id
FullHybrid Vehicle Fleets
PHEV Vehicle Fleets
CO
2R
educ
t
Vehicle Fleets
100%MicroHybrid Vehicle Fleets
Hybrid Vehicle Fleets
Fleets
cien
cy &
C
25-40%
60%- 100%
Commercially Available
Fuel
Effi
5-8%
12-20%
Under Development
Phased Technology Roll-out and Commercialization
JCS Advanced Power Solutions10
Li-Ion Battery Automotive Commercialization
Li-Ion Technology in series production:
Vehicle SoP Type Battery súpplier
Mercedes S-Class hybrid, SoP 2009 Mild - HEV Johnson Controls Saft / Conti
GM Volt Plug In Hybrid SoP 2010 PHEV CPI / LG chemGM Volt – Plug In Hybrid SoP 2010 PHEV CPI / LG chem
Mitsubishi i-MiEV SoP 2010 EV GS Yuasa
BMW 7 Series ActiveHybrid SoP 2010 Mild-HEV Johnson Controls Saft / Conti
Nissan LEAF SoP 2010 EV AESC
BYD SoP 2010 PHEV BYD
Toyota Prius Plug-In SoP 2010 PHEV PEVEy g
Azure Dynamic’s Balance HEV SoP 2010 HEV Johnson Controls Saft
Ford’s first PHEV SoP 2012 PHEV Johnson Controls Saft
JCS Advanced Power Solutions11
Li-Ion for Mild Hybrid Application – Example Daimler S-class :
New S-class S400 Blue-hybrid with JCS Li-Ion technology
Mild Hybrid Battery System (19 kW boost)Mild Hybrid Battery System (19 kW boost)Boost, Recuperation, Stop-Start, (no EV mode)35 cells each 6.5 Ah
SoP in 2009 (MY 2010)( )Cooperation : Daimler / Continental / JCSBattery located in Engine Compartment : A/C – cooled
JCS Advanced Power Solutions
Agendage da
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte:
El kt f h d V H b id El kt t
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte: Lithium-Ionen-Batterien für Elektrofahrzeuge
• Elektrofahrzeuganwendungen: Vom Hybrid zum Elektroauto
• Schlüsselfaktoren fortschrittlicher Batterietechnologien
• Aktuelle Trends bei der Entwicklung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
JCS Advanced Power Solutions13
The Pentagon of Virtues displays the main parameters of an automotive battery for advanced automotive applicationsy pp
POWER
SAFETYENERGY
SAFETY
LIFE COST
JCS Advanced Power Solutions14
The Battery for automotive Applications is a complex System
Mechanical Subsystem Electrochemistry/Cell
Cell Manufacturing
Electronics SoftwareElectronics Software
System Assembly
Electrical Subsystem Thermal Management Subsystem
JCS Advanced Power Solutions15
Design System Characteristics
Design: Characteristics:
-Cell Type
- Number of Cells
-Size / Dimensions / Volume
- Weight
- Architecture
Cooling System
g
- Energy Content
Power capability- Cooling System
- Electronics
- Power capability
- Life Expectance
- Housing - Robustness
- Vehicle Integration
- Safety Level
JCS Advanced Power Solutions
JCS Technology Scope S. Suckow, 19.06.2009
ElectrochemistryCell Design
MechanicalSubsystem
Milwaukee US- NA Applications
Milwaukee US
Hanover DE- EU ApplicationsShanghai CN- Asia Applications
Bordeaux FR
Cergy FRCore
Thermal Electronics Hardware
- Core- Applications
Subsystem Low Level Software
ElectricalSubsystem
ApplicationSoftware
JCS Advanced Power SolutionsConfidential and Proprietary 17
Energy of Battery Systems is strongly related to the chemical Energy
The laws of nature have fixed limits to specific energy of electrochemical systems from the periodic table of elements
Li-Ion battery technology offers low weight, high reduction potential chemistry.
- High voltage due to high chemical energy:
- Low weight of Lithium metal
- High mobility of Li-Ions in solid state materials
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Maximum theoretical specific energy is reachede C O e
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
energy is reached for the Li/F pair: 6085 Wh/kg
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac
Reducing elements Oxidizing elements
JCS Advanced Power Solutions18
Battery Technologies: Specific energy of (electro)chemical storage
In practice only a small part of theoretical energy can be realized for rechargeable battery applications
JCS Advanced Power Solutionsfor the express purpose of quoting General Motors 19
Battery Technologies: Comparison of various Technologies
JCS Advanced Power Solutionsfor the express purpose of quoting General Motors 20
Agendage da
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte:
El kt f h d V H b id El kt t
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte: Lithium-Ionen-Batterien für Elektrofahrzeuge
• Elektrofahrzeuganwendungen: Vom Hybrid zum Elektroauto
• Schlüsselfaktoren fortschrittlicher Batterietechnologien
• Aktuelle Trends bei der Entwicklung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
JCS Advanced Power Solutions21
Battery Technologies: Voltage Characteristics
VL41M Typical continuous discharge at +23°C
3 6
4.0
3.2
3.6
ge (V
)
2.8Volta
g
C/5C/3
2.41C2C150A
2.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Discharged Capacity (Ah)
JCS Advanced Power Solutionsfor the express purpose of quoting General Motors 22
Battery Technologies: Cycle Life
VL45E (High Energy) cells @ C/3 during 80%DOD (DST) cycling
160
180
200
h/Kg
) About 5 years continuous cycling
120
140
160
@ C
/3,
(Wh
60
80
100
c Ene
rgy
@
0
20
40
Spec
ifi
00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Cycles
JCS Advanced Power SolutionsProtected Battery Information 23
Life Projection of Lithium Ion Batteries
Cycle Life Expectancy for Li-Ion Batteries:Arrhenius plots based on 100% increase of resistance:
Projection based upon various test results(up to 4 years observation)
100
(yea
rs)
Projection:
20 lif t 30°C10
alen
dar L
ife 20 years life at 30°C
10 years life at 40°C
2.7 years life at 60°C
1
Proj
ecte
d C
a
Storage @ 60%SOCEOL projected for 100% increase of impedanceTested on VL7P & VL20P productsActual data at 20 40 60°C Tests in progress
0.10 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (°C)
Actual data at 20, 40 60 C - Tests in progress
JCS Advanced Power Solutions24
Energy Throughput is a key Parameter of Battery Technologies
45000
35000
40000
25000
30000
nove
r / N
C
Pb-floodedPb-AGM
Full HEV operation range
15000
20000
Cap
acity
Tur
Pb AGMNiMHLi-Ion
operation range
5000
10000
C
Plug-In HEV operation range Full EV
operation range
00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
DOD %
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DOD %
25
Li-Ion is a Enabling Technology for the next Generation of HEVs
Li-Ion Battery Technology Advantages for HEVs
Nickel Metal Hydride is today’s battery technologytoday s battery technology
Li-Ion is the target of everyLi-Ion is the target of every OEM as the obvious next step battery solution
{ 30% Smaller 50% Lighter More Powerful
WHY? { More EnergyEnhanced Cycle Life
Faster Recharge
JCS Advanced Power Solutions26
JCI is committed to support of R&D activities along the entire chain
•Basic research •Applied •Development •Production
C th d
•Basic research research •Development •Production
•Electrochemistry
•Cathode
•Anode
•Separator•Energy
•Cell
y•Materials Discovery
•Energy Storage
p
•Electrolyte
•Other (Inerts)
•Life
•Safety
Cost
•Mass production
•Cost•Cell
•Fuel Cells, Caps •Scale Up
Continuous feedback of market needs and technology possibilities
JCS Advanced Power SolutionsConfidential and Proprietary 27
Lithium Ion Cells for various Applications
ElectrochemistryLi Ion cellsLi-Ion cellsPositive material: NCANegative material: GraphiteElectrolyte: blend of solvent with dissolved LiPF6
ConstructionC li d i l i l d tCylindrical, spiral wound typeAluminum caseCan to cover assembly through laser weldingCan to cover assembly through laser welding2 Terminals located at the same endSafety FeaturesOverpressure release through rupture areaIntegrated current interrupt
JCS Advanced Power Solutions28
JCS Li-ion Cell Products – PHEV and EV
Diameter 54 mm / Energy-Power Applications EV or PHEV
VL45E VL41M VL22M VL30P
Capacity (Ah) C/3 @ 4V 45 41 22 30
• Standard mechanical parts• Standard chemistry (NCA/Graphite)• Standard assembly processes
Dia. (mm) 54 54 54 54
Length (mm) 222 222 145 222
Weight (kg) 1.07 1.07 0.65 1.1
• Flexible height to various capacities• 3 different electrodes types “E” / “M” / “P”
for various Power to Energy ratios
Volume (dm3) 0.51 0.51 0.33 0.51
Energy (Wh) 160 146 78 107
Power (W) 710 850 700 1520( )Current limit (A) 250 300 300 500
Power (W) V limit, 2.5 V 2300
30 50%SOC 10s –
• Note: characteristics at 25°C
30s – 50%SOC 10s 50%SOC
JCS Advanced Power SolutionsConfidential and Proprietary
JCS Battery System – Internal Perspective S. Suckow, 19.06.2009
Mechanical & Electrical Integration•Communications Interfaces•Packaging•Packaging•High Voltage Connectors•Power Interface
Thermal Management•Air CooledLi id C l d•Liquid Cooled
Cells and Cell Modules•Li-Ion (Lithium-Ion)•NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride)
Hybrid System Electronics•BMS (Battery Management System)•CSC (Cell Supervisory Controller)•Software•Electronics•Power Interface•Electrical System
JCS Advanced Power Solutions
Electrical System
Thank you for your attention !Thank you for your attention !
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit !
In case of questions / Bei Rückfragen
Dr. Jörg KümpersJohnson Controls Saft Advanced Power Solutions GmbHAm Leineufer 5130419 Hannover30419 HannoverTel. +49 (0) 511 975 [email protected]
JCS Advanced Power Solutions