Literature Related to Adoption and Guardianship, Permanence,

and Well-Being February 2017

The QIC-AG is funded through a five-year cooperative agreement between the Children’s Bureau, Spaulding for Children, and its partners the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Funded through the Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children's Bureau, Grant #90CO1122. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the funders, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This information is in the public domain. Readers are encouraged to copy and share it, but please credit the QIC-AG.

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Table of Contents Intercountry adoptions and transracial adoptions .....................................................................2 Siblings ....................................................................................................................................9 Permanence with older youth ................................................................................................ 12 Interventions with children and caregivers that could be applicable for adoptive and guardianship families................................................................... 13

Triple P Parenting Intervention ............................................................................................. 13 Telemedicine Interventions .................................................................................................. 14 Parent Management Training ............................................................................................... 15 Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care .............................................................................. 16 PATHS Intervention .............................................................................................................. 16 Tuning Into Kids ................................................................................................................... 17 Other Interventions ............................................................................................................. 17

Trauma and attachment issues ............................................................................................... 25 Permanence and guardianship with relatives .......................................................................... 27 Factors that affect the well-being of children in adoptive and guardianship families ............................................................................................................. 31 First Nation ............................................................................................................................ 35 Attributes of adoptive parents and guardians ......................................................................... 38 The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) ............................................................................. 39 Open Adoption ...................................................................................................................... 41 Adoption Discontinuity, Disruption & Dissolution ................................................................... 43 Post Adoption Services ........................................................................................................... 46 Adoption-General .................................................................................................................. 48 Miscellaneous—Other Issues Relevant to Pre and Post-Permanence for Child-Welfare Involved Youth and Families ................................................... 61

PTSD .................................................................................................................................... 61 Other Mental Health Issues .................................................................................................. 63 Substance Use ..................................................................................................................... 64 LGBTQ Adoption .................................................................................................................. 65 Child Welfare Policy and Law ............................................................................................... 66 Guardianship ....................................................................................................................... 67 Permanence Planning .......................................................................................................... 68 Pre and Post-Permanence Studies from Other Countries ....................................................... 71 Resilience and Child Welfare ................................................................................................ 73 Disproportionality/Disparities in Child Welfare ..................................................................... 73 Evaluation of Child Welfare Programs ................................................................................... 73 Foster Care .......................................................................................................................... 75 Other Misc. .......................................................................................................................... 77

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This comprehensive list of citations are relevant to the Quality Improvement Center for Adoption/Guardianship Support and Preservation (QIC-AG) two target populations:

Target Group 1: Children with challenging mental health, emotional or behavioral issues who are awaiting an adoptive or guardianship placement as well as children in an identified adoptive or guardianship home but the placement has not resulted in finalization for a significant period of time.

Target Group 2: Children and families who have already finalized the adoption or guardianship. This group includes children who have obtained permanency through private guardianship and domestic private or international adoptions.

The document contains citations between 1990 and 2016 that are categorized by various topic areas. This list was last updated in Janurary 2016. This document can be obtained on the QIC-AG website at: http://qic-ag.org/litreview/.

Topic Articles

Intercountry adoptions and transracial adoptions

Adkison-Bradley, C., DeBose, C. H., Terpstra, J., & Bilgic, Y. K. (2012). Postadoption services utilization among African American, transracial, and white American parents: Counseling and legal implications. The Family Journal, 20(4), 392-398. Baden, A.L., Gibbons, J.L., Wilson, S.L., & McGinnis, H. (2013). International adoption: Counseling and the adoption triad. Adoption Quarterly, 16(3-4), 218-237. Bailey, S. J. (2015). Transnational adoption challenges: Through the eyes of Eastern European youth. Adoption Quarterly, 18(2), 85-107. Barnes, B. (2013). A critique of the U.S.-Russian adoption process and three recommendations for the U.S.-Russia bilateral adoption agreement. Emory International Law Review, 27, 397-446. Boer, F., Versluis-den Bieman, H. J., & Verhulst, F. C. (1994). International adoption of children with siblings: Behavioral outcomes. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64(2), 252-262. Brumble, K.B. (2007). Intercountry transracial special needs adoptees-- today’s teenagers and young adults: How have they fared? The parents’ perspective. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (3259931).

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Butler-Sweet, C. (2011). ‘Race isn’t what defines me’: Exploring identity choices in transracial, biracial, and monoracial families. Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation, and Culture, 17(6), 747-769. Carlson, M., & Earls, F. (1997). Psychological and neuroendocrinological sequelae of early social deprivation in institutionalized children in Romania. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 15, 419-428. Castle, J., Groothues, C., Bredenkamp, D., Beckett, C., O’Connor, T., & Rutter, M. (1999). Effects of qualities of early institutional care on cognitive attainment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69(4), 424-437. Chisholm, K. (1998). A three-year follow-up of attachment and indiscriminate friendliness in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Child Development, 69(4), 1092-1106. Chisholm, K., Carter, M.C., Ames, E.W., & Morison, S.J. (1995). Attachment security and indiscriminately friendly behavior in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Development and Psychopathology, 7(2), 283-294. Chugani, H.T., Behen, M.E., Muzik, O., Juhasz, C., Nagy, F., & Chugani, D.C. (2001). Local brain functional activity following early deprivation: A study of post-institutionalized Romanian orphans. Neuroimage, 14(6), 1290-1301. Crea, T. (2009). Intercountry adoptions and domestic home study practices; SAFE and the Hague Adoption Convention. International Social Work, 52(5), 673-678. Crook, J.R. (2011). United States, Russia conclude agreement on adoptions. American Journal of International Law, 105, 775-818. Dalen, M. (1995). Learning difficulties among inter-country adopted children. Nordisk Pedagogik, 15(4), 195-208. Feigelman, W., & Silverman, A.R. (1984). The long-term effects of transracial adoption. Social Service Review, 58(4), 588-602. Fogg-Davis, H. (2003). Racial intimacy and racial politics: Adoption in the U.S. and Brazil. National Political Science Review, 9, 76-86.

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Gillum, N., & O'Brien, M. (2010). Adoption satisfaction of black adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), 1656-1663. Goldberg, R. (1997). Adopting Romanian children: Making choices, taking risks. Marriage & Family Review, 25(1-2), 79-98. Grönlund, L.B. (2010). Homelands: Interviews with Swedish Ethiopians. Callaloo, 33(1), 177-190. Groza, V., & Ryan, S. D. (2002). Pre-adoption stress and its association with child behavior in domestic special needs and international adoptions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1-2), 181-197. Groze, V., & Ileana, D. (1996). A follow-up study of adopted children from Romania. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 13(6), 541-565.

Groze, V., & Ryan, S. D. (2002). Pre-adoption stress and its association with child behavior in domestic special needs and international adoptions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1), 181–197. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00044-0

Gunnar, M.R., Bruce, J., & Grotevant, H.D. (2000). International adoption of institutionally reared children: Research and policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 677-693. Gunnar, M.R., Morison, S.J., Chisholm, K., & Schuder, M. (2001). Salivary cortisol levels in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Development and Psychopathology, 13(3), 611-628. Hemstad-Leete, N.M. (2008). Rainbow families: Cross-cultural adoption and the best interests of the child. Retrieved from The University of Northern British Columbia (0494487992). Howard, M. (1984). Transracial adoption: Analysis of the best interests standard. Notre Dame Law Review, 59, 503-555. Howe, R.W. (1997). Transracial adoption (TRA): Old prejudices and discrimination float under a new halo. Boston University Public Interest Law Journal, 6(2), 409-472.

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Jewell, J. D., Brown, D. L., Smith, G., & Thompson, R. (2010). Examining the influence of caregiver ethnicity on youth placed in out of home care: Ethnicity matters–for some. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1278-1284. Joe, B. (1978). In defense of intercountry adoption. The Social Service Review, 52(1), 1-20. Johnson, P.R., Shireman, J.F., & Watson, K.W. (1987). Transracial adoption and the development of black identity at age eight. Child Welfare, 66, 45-55. Judge, S. (2003). Determinants of parental stress in families adopting children from Eastern Europe. Family Relations, 52(3), 241-248. Juffer, F., & Rosenboom, L.G. (1997). Infant-mother attachment of internationally adopted children in the Netherlands. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(1), 93-107. (R) Khumoetsile-Taylor, P.K. (2003). African American children and transracial adoption: Stakeholders, race and politics. Retrieved from WorldCat Thesis/Dissertation (56968380). Ledderboge, U.F., van Rooyen, C., & Colin, A.J. (2003). Transracial placements: Identities and needs of South African “rainbow families”, Social Work Maatskaplike Werk, 39(4), 326-334. Lee, R.M., Seol, K.O., Sung, M., Miller, M.J., & Minnesota International Adoption Project Team (2010). The behavioral development of Korean children in institutional care and international adoptive families. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), 468-478. (R) Lihua, H. (2001). Chinese adoption: Practices and challenges. Child Welfare, 80(5), 529-540. Linville, D., & Lyness, A.P. (2007). Twenty American families’ stories of adoption: Adoption of children from Russia. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 33(1), 77-93. Mainemer, H., Gilman, L.C., & Ames, E.W. (1998). Parenting stress in families adopting children from Romanian orphanages. Journal of Family Issues, 19(2), 164-180.

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Marcovitch, S., Goldberg, S., Gold, A., Washington, J., Wasson, C., Krekewich, K., & Handley-Derry, M. (1997). Determinants of behavioral problems in Romanian children adopted in Ontario. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(1), 17-31. Mason, P., & Narad, C. (2002). Growth and pubertal development in internationally adopted children. Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity, 9(1), 26-31. McGuinness, T., & Pallansch, L. (2000). Competence of children adopted from the former Soviet Union. Family Relations, 49(4), 457-464. McRoy, R., & Griffin, A. (2012). Transracial adoption policies and practices: The US experience. Adoption & Fostering, 36(3), 38-49. Miller, L.C., Tseng, B., Tirella, L.G., Chan, W., & Feig, E. (2008). Health of children adopted from Ethiopia. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 12(5), 599-605. Misca, G. (2014). The ‘quiet migration’” Is intercountry adoption a successful intervention in the lives of vulnerable children? Family Court Review, 52(1), 60-68. Marilisa, M. (2007). A descriptive review of interracial and interethnic adoption: A tale of two identities. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses--Gradworks (3312827). Morison, S.J., Ames, E.W., & Chisholm, K. (1995). The development of children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41(4), 411-430. Niemann, S., & Weiss, S. (2011). Attachment behavior of children adopted internationally at six months post adoption. Adoption Quarterly, 14(4), 246-267. Noy-Sharav, D. (2005). Identity concerns in intercountry adoption, immigrants as adoptive parents. Clinical Social Work Journal, ,33(2), 173-191. Palacios, J., Sanchez-Sandoval, Y., & Leon, E. (2008). Intercountry adoption disruptions in Spain. Adoption Quarterly, 9(1), 35-55.

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Pronchenko-Jain, Y., & Fernando, D.M. (2013). Helping families with Russian adoptees: Understanding unique needs and challenges. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 21(4), 402-407. Quiroz, P.A. (2008). From race matching to transracial adoption: Race and the changing discourse of US adoption. Critical Discourse Studies, 5(3), 249-264. Rathbun, C., McLaughlin, H., Bennett, C., & Garland, J.A. (1965). Later adjustment of children following radical separation from family and culture. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 35(3), 604-609. Ribner, J.S. (2012). Sibling relationships in a family with an internationally adopted child. Retrieved from Alliant International University (189). Rickets, W., & Achtenberg, R. (1989). Adoption and foster parenting for Lesbians and Gay men. Marriage & Family Review, 14(3-4), 83-118. Riley, N.E. (1997). American adoptions of Chinese girls: The socio-political matrices of individual decisions. Women’s Studies International Forum, 20(1), 87-102. Rutter, M. (1998). Developmental catch-up and deficit, following adoption after severe global early privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study team. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(4), 465-476. Rutter, M., Andersen-Wood, L., Beckett, C., Bredenkamp, D., Castle, J., Groothues, C., Kreppner, J., Keaveney, L., Lord, C., & O’Connor, T.G. (1999). Quasi-autistic patterns following severe early global privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study team. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(4), 537-549. Samuels, G. M. (2010). Building kinship and community: Relational processes of bicultural identity among adult multiracial adoptees. Family Process, 49(1), 26-42. Samuels, G.M. (2009). Being raised by white people: Navigating racial difference among adopted multiracial adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71(1), 80-94.

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Shapiro, V., Shapiro, J., & Paret, I. (2001). International adoption and the formation of new family attachments. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 71(3), 389-418. Simon, R.J., & Alstein, H. (1996). The case for transracial adoption. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 5-22. Smith, D.T., & Juarez, B.G. (2015). Race lessons in Black and White: How do White adoptive parents socialize Black adoptees in predominantly White communities. Adoption Quarterly, 18(2), 108-137. Snyder, C.R. (2012). Racial socialization in cross-racial families. Journal of Black Psychology, 38(2), 228-253. Tarullo, A.R., Garvin, M.C., & Gunnar, M.R. (2011). Atypical EEG power correlates with indiscriminately friendly behavior in internationally adopted children. Developmental psychology, 47(2), 417-431. Thomas, A. (2015). ‘Little boats’ in the storm: Racial ambiguity and gender in two Post-emancipation adoptions. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 43(1-2), 147-163. Vandivere, S., & McKlindon, A. (2010). The well-being of US children adopted from foster care, privately from the United States and internationally. Adoption Quarterly, 13(3-4), 157-184. Verhulst, F.C., Althaus, M., & Versluis-den Bieman, H.J. (1990a). Problem behavior in international adoptees: I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(1), 94-103. Verhulst, F.C., Althaus, M., & Versluis-den Bieman, H.J. (1990b). Problem behavior in international adoptees: II. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(1), 104-111. Verhulst, F.C., Althaus, M., & Versluis-den Bieman, H.J. (1992). Damaging backgrounds: Later adjustment problems of international adoptees. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(3), 518-524.

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Vonk, M.E., Simms, P.J., & Nackerud, L. (1999). Political and personal aspects of intercountry adoption of Chinese children in the United States. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 80(5), 496-505. Wainwright, J., & Ridley, J. (2012). Matching, ethnicity & identity: Reflections on the practice and realities of ethnic matching in adoption. Adoption & Fostering, 36(3), pp.50-61. Watson, L.D., & Hegar, R.L. (2014). The changing environment of adoption practice; Focus on intercountry adoption to the United States. Adoption Quarterly, 17(4), 294-315. Welsh, J.A., Viana, A.G., Petrill, S.A., & Mathias, M.D. (2008). Ready to adopt: Characteristics and expectations of pre adoptive families pursuing international adoptions. Adoption Quarterly, 11(3), 176-203. Wilkinson, H.S. (1995). Psycholegal process and issues in international adoption. American Journal of Family Therapy, 23(2), 173-183. Xing Tan, T. (2008). Impact of biological children’s adjustment on their siblings who were adopted from China. Adoption Quarterly, 11(4), 278-295. Younes, M.N., & Klein, S.A. (2014). The international adoption experience: Do they live happily ever after? Adoption Quarterly, 17(1), 65-83.

Siblings Beer, J.M., & Horn, J.M. (2000). The influence of rearing order on personality development within two adoption cohorts. Journal of Personality, 68(4), 789-819. Boer, F., Versluis-den Bieman, H. J., & Verhulst, F. C. (1994). International adoption of children with siblings: Behavioral outcomes. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64(2), 252-262. Caspers, K., Yucuis, R., Troutman, B., Arndt, S., & Langbehn, D. (2007). A sibling adoption study of adult attachment: The influence of shared environment on attachment states of mind. Attachment & Human Development, 9(4), 375-391. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2013). Sibling issues in foster care and adoption. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human

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Services, Children’s Bureau. Cossar, J., & Neil, E. (2013). Making sense of siblings: Connections and severances in post-adoption contact. Child & Family Social Work, 18(1), 67-76. Denby, R. W., & Ayala, J. (2013). Am I my brother's keeper: Adult siblings raising younger siblings. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(2), 193-210. Erich, S., & Leung, P. (2002). The impact of previous type of abuse and sibling adoption upon adoptive families. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(10), 1045-1058. Gass, K., Jenkins, J., & Dunn, J. (2007). Are sibling relationships protective? A longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(2), 167-175. Gnaulati, E. (2002). Extending the uses of sibling therapy with children and adolescents. Psychotherapy: Theory, research, practice, and training, 39(1), 76-87. Groza, V., Maschmeier, C., Jamison, C., & Piccola, T. (2003). Siblings and out-of-home placement: Best practices. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 84, 480-490. Gustavsson, N., & MacEachron, A.E. (2010). Sibling connections and reasonable efforts in public child welfare. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 91(1), 39-44. Hasday, J.E. (2012). Siblings in law. Vanderbilt Law Review, 65(3), 897-931. Hegar, R.L. (2005). Sibling placement in foster care and adoption: An overview of international research. Children and Youth Services Review, 27(7), 717-739. James, S., Monn, A.R., Palinkas, L.A., & Leslie, L.K. (2008). Maintaining sibling relationships for children in foster and adoptive placements. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(1), 90-106. Leathers, S. J. (2005). Separation from siblings: Associations with placement adaptation and outcomes among adolescents in long-term foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 27(7), 793-819.

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Mandelbaum, R. (2011). Delicate balances: Assessing the needs and rights of siblings in foster care to maintain their relationships post-adoption. New Mexico Law Review, 41(1), 1-68. Milevsky, A., & Heerwagen, M. (2013). A phenomenological examination of sibling relationships in emerging adulthood. Marriage & Family Review, 49(3), 251-263. Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M.J., & Machlev, M. (2011). Effects of parenting style and involvement in sibling conflict on adolescent sibling relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28(8), 1130-1148. Milevsky, A., Smoot, K., Leh, M., & Ruppe, A. (2005). Familial and contextual variables and the nature of sibling relationships in emerging adulthood. Marriage & Family Review, 37(4), 123-141. Mullin, E.S., & Johnson, L. (1999). The role of birth/previously adopted children in families choosing to adopt children with special needs. Child Welfare, 78(5), 579-591. Namyslowska, I., & Siewierska, A. (2010). The significance and role of sibling in family therapy. Archives of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, 12(1), 5-13. Phillips, N.K. (1999). Adoption of a sibling: Reactions of biological children at different stages of development. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69(1), 122-126. Purswell, K.E., & Dillman-Taylor, D. (2013). Creative use of sibling therapy: An example of a blended family. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 8(2), 162-174. Ribner, J.S. (2012). Sibling relationships in a family with an internationally adopted child. Retrieved from Alliant International University (189). Ryan, E. (2002). Assessing sibling attachment in the face of placement issues. Clinical Social Work Journal, 30(1), 77-93. Segal, N.L. (1993). Twin, sibling, and adoption methods: Tests of evolutionary hypotheses. American Psychologist, 48(9), 943-956.

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Xing Tan, T. (2008). Impact of biological children’s adjustment on their siblings who were adopted from China. Adoption Quarterly, 11(4), 278-295.

Permanence with older youth

Anderson, G.A. (1997). Introduction: Achieving permanency for all children in the child welfare system. In G.R. Anderson, A. Ryan, & B. Leashore (Eds.), The challenge of permanency planning in a multicultural society (pp. 1-8). New York, NY: Haworth Press, Inc. Barth, R P. (1997). Effects of age and race on the odds of adoption versus remaining in long-term out-of-home care. Child Welfare, 76(2), 285-308. Briggs, S., & Webb, L. (2004). Matching and mismatching in teenage adoptions: Implications of the Adoption Act for practice. Journal of Social Work Practice, 18(2), 181-195. Burrell Cowan, A. (2004). New strategies to promote the adoption of older children out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(11), 1007-1020. Clark, P., Thigpen, S., & Yates, A. M. (2006). Integrating the older/special needs adoptive child into the family. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32(2), 181-194. Hanna, M. D. (2007). Preparing school age children for adoption: Perspectives of successful adoptive parents and caseworkers. Adoption Quarterly, 10(2), 1-32. Haugaard, J. J., Wojslawowicz, J. C., & Palmer, M. (1999). Outcomes in adolescent and older-child adoptions. Adoption Quarterly, 3(1), 61-69. LaLiberte, T., & Snyder, E. (2009). Permanency or aging out: Adolescents in the child welfare system. Retrieved from http://cascw.umn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/CW360_Sp2009_FINAL.pdf Mangold, S.V. (2000). Extending non-exclusive parenting and the right to protection for older foster children: Creating third options in permanency planning. Buffalo Law Review, 48(3), 835-879.

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Nelson, K.E. (1986). Large boys and little women: The problem of family placement on older children in the nineteenth century. Children and Youth Services Review, 8(1), 53-70. Quinn, L., MacAllum, C., Ciarico, J., & Rogers, J. (2009). Illinois permanence for older wards waiver: Final evaluation report. Retrieved from http://cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/rp_20090901_IllinoisPermanenceForOlderWardsWaiverFinalEvaluationReport.pdf. Rushton, A. (1994). Principles and practice in the permanent placement of older children. Children & Society, 8(3), 245-256. Rushton, A., & Dance, C. (2004). The outcomes of late permanent placements: The adolescent years. Adoption & Fostering, 28(1), 49–58. doi:10.1177/030857590402800107

Samuels, G.M. (2008). A reason, a season, or a lifetime: Relational permanence among young adults with foster care backgrounds. Retrieved from https://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/old_reports/415.pdf Smith, E. (1989). The relationship of services to success in older child adoption. Retrieved from Trove National Library of Australia (10909193). Weitzel, W. J. (1984). From residential treatment to adoption: A permanency planning service. Child Welfare, 63(4), 361-365. Wright, L., & Flynn, C. C. (2006). Adolescent adoption: Success despite challenges. Children and Youth Services Review, 28(5), 487-510.

Interventions with children and caregivers that could be applicable for adoptive and guardianship families

Triple P Parenting Intervention de Graaf, I., Speetjens, P., Smit, F., de Wolff, M., & Tavecchio, L. (2008). Effectiveness of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program on behavioral problems in children: a meta-analysis. Behavior Modification, 32(5), 714-735. Fletcher, R., Freeman, E., & Matthey, S. (2011). The impact of behavioural parent training on fathers' parenting: A meta-analysis of the Triple-P Positive Parenting Program. Fathering, 9(3), 291-312.

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Mihalopoulos, C., Sanders, M.R., Turner, K.M., Murphy-Brennan, M., & Carter, R. (2007). Does the triple P-Positive Parenting program provide value for money? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(3), 239-246. Prinz, R.J., Sanders, M.R., Shapiro, C.J., Whitaker, D.J., & Lutzker, J.R. (2009). Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: The U.S. Triple P system population trial. Prevention Science, 10(1), 1-12. Sanders, M. R., Bor, W., & Morawska, A. (2007). Maintenance of treatment gains: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(6), 983-998. Thomas, R., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2007). Behavioral outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy and Triple P Positive Parenting Program: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(3), 475-495. Wiggins, T. L., Sofronoff, K., & Sanders, M. R. (2009). Pathways Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: Effects on parent-child relationships and child behavior problems. Family process, 48(4), 517-530. Wilson, P., Rush, R., Hussey, S., Puckering, C., Sim, F., Allely, C. S., . . . Gillberg, C. (2012). How evidence-based is an 'evidence-based parenting program'? A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of Triple P. BMC Medicine, 10(1), 130-145. Telemedicine Interventions Fortney, J.C., Pyne, J.M., Edlund, M.J., Williams, D.K., Robinson, D.E., Mittal, D., & Henderson, K.L. (2007). A randomized trial of telemedicine-based collaborative care for depression. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(8), 1086-1093. Fortney, J.C., Pyne, J.M., Kimbrell, T.A., Hudson, T.J., Robinson, D.E., Schneider, R., Moore, W.M., Custer, P.J., Grubbs, K.M., & Schnurr, P.P. (2015). Telemedicine-based collaborative care for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(1), 58-67.

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Fortney, J.C., Pyne, J.M., Mouden, S.B., Mittal, D., Hudson, T.J., Schroeder, G.W….Rost, K.M. (2013). Practice-based versus telemedicine-based collaborative care for depression in rural federally qualified health centers: A pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(4), 414-425. Parent Management Training Baumann, A.A., Domenech Rodriguez, M.M., Amador, N.G., Forgatch, M.S., & Parra-Cardona, J.R. (2014). Parent Management Training-Oregon Model (PMTOTM) in Mexico City: Integrating cultural adaptation activities in an implementation model. Clinical Psychology, 21(4), 32-47. Bjørnebekk, G., Kjøbli, J., & Ogden, T. (2015). Children with conduct problems and co-occurring ADHD: Behavioral improvements following parent management training. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 1-19. Bullard, L., Wachlarowicz, M., DeLeeuw, J., Snyder, J., Low, S., Forgatch, M., & DeGarmo, D. (2010). Effects of the Oregon model of Parent Management Training (PMTO) on marital adjustment in new stepfamilies: A randomized trial. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), 485-496. Kazdin, A.E., Esveldt-Dawson, K., French, N.H., & Unis, A.S. (1987b). Effects of parent management training and problem-solving skills training combined in the treatment of antisocial child behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(3), 416-424. Kazdin, A.E., Siegel, T.C., & Bass, D. (1992). Cognitive problem-solving skills training and parent management training in the treatment of antisocial behavior in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(5), 733-747. Kazdin, A.E., & Whitley, M.K. (2006). Pretreatment social relations, therapeutic alliance, and improvements in parenting practices in parent management training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(2), 346-355. Nock, M.K., & Kazdin, A.E. (2005). Randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for increasing participation in parent management training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 872-879.

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Sigmarsdóttir M., & Guðmundsdóttir E.V. (2013). Implementation of Parent Management Training-- Oregon Model (PMTOTM) in Iceland: Building sustained fidelity. Family Process, 52(2), 216-227. Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care Harold, G. T., Kerr, D. C., Van Ryzin, M., DeGarmo, D. S., Rhoades, K. A., & Leve, L. D. (2013). Depressive symptom trajectories among girls in the juvenile justice system: 24-month outcomes of an RCT of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care. Prevention Science, 14(5), 437-446. Kerr, D.C., DeGarmo, D.S., Leve, L.D., & Chamberlain, P. (2014). Juvenile justice girls’ depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation 9 years after Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(4), 684-693. Leve, L. D., Kerr, D. C. R., & Harold, G. T. (2013). Young adult outcomes associated with teen pregnancy among high-risk girls in a randomized controlled trial of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 22(5), 421-434. Smith, D. K., Chamberlain, P., & Deblinger, E. (2012). Adapting Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for the treatment of co-occurring trauma and delinquency in adolescent girls. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 5(3), 224-238. Westermark, P. K., Hansson, K., & Olsson, M. (2011). Multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC): Results from an independent replication. Journal of Family Therapy, 33(1), 20-41. PATHS Intervention Hamre, B., Pianta, R.C., Mashburn, A.J., & Downer, J.T. (2012). Promoting young children’s social competence through the preschool PATHS curriculum and MyTeachingPartner professional development resources. Early Education and Development, 23(6), 809-832. Crean, H.F., & Johnson, D.B. (2013). Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) and elementary school aged children’s aggression: Results from a cluster randomized trial. American Journal of Community Psychology, 52(1-2), 56-72.

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Domitrovich, C.E., Cortes, R.C., & Greenberg, M.T. (2007). Improving young children’s social and emotional competence: A randomized trial of the preschool “PATHS” curriculum. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 28(2), 67-91. Kam, C.M., Greenberg, M.T., & Kusche, C.A. (2004). Sustained effects of the PATHS curriculum on social and psychological adjustment of children in special education. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12(2), 66-78. Tuning Into Kids Havighurst, S.S., Wilson, K.R., Harley, A.E., Kehoe, C., Efron, D., & Prior, M.R. (2013). ‘Tuning in to kids’: Reducing young children’s behavior problems using an emotion coaching parenting program. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 44(2), 247-264. Havighurst, S.S., Wilson, K.R., Harley, A.E., & Prior, M.R. (2009). Tuning in to kids: An emotion-focused parenting program-- initial findings from a community trial. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(8), 1008-1023. Havighurst, S.S., Wilson, K.R., Harley, A.E., Prior, M.R., & Kehoe, C. (2010). Tuning in to kids: Improving emotion socialization practices in parents of preschool children-- findings from a community trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(12), 1342-1350. Wilson, K.R., Havighurst, S.S., & Harley, A.E. (2014). Dads tuning in to kids: Piloting a new parenting program targeting fathers’ emotion coaching skills. Journal of Community Psychology, 42(2), 162-168. Wilson, K.R., Havighurst, S.S., & Harley, A.E. (2012). Tuning in to kids: An effectiveness trial of a parenting program targeting emotion socialization of preschoolers. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1), 56-65. Other Interventions Aderka, I.M., Foa, E.B., Applebaum, E., Shafran, N., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2011). Direction of influence between posttraumatic and depressive symptoms during prolonged exposure therapy among children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(3), 421-425.

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Allen, B. B., Timmer, S. G., & Urquiza, A. J. (2014). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy as an attachment-based intervention: Theoretical rationale and pilot data with adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 47(3), 334-341. Baglivio, M.T., Jackowski, K., Greenwald, M.A., & Wolff, K.T. (2015). Comparison of multisystemic therapy and functional family therapy effectiveness: A multiyear statewide propensity score matching analysis of juvenile offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(9), 1033-1056. Bailey, E.L., van der Zwan, R., Phelan, T.W., & Brooks, A. (2012). The 1-2-3 Magic program: Implementation outcomes of an Australian pilot evaluation with school-aged children. Children and Family Behavior, 34(1), 53-69. Berry, M., Propp, J., & Martens, P. (2007). The use of intensive family preservation services with adoptive families. Child & Family Social Work, 12(1), 43–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00426.x

Beveridge, R.M., Fowles, T.R., Masse, J.J., McGoron, L., Smith, M.A., Parrish, B.P…. Widdoes, N. (2015). State-wide dissemination and implementation of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT): Application of theory. Children and Youth Services Review, 48, 38-48. Bick, J., & Dozier, M. (2013). The effectiveness of an attachment-based intervention in promoting foster mothers’ sensitivity toward foster infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 34(2), 95-103. Bjørknes, R., & Manger, T. (2013). Can parent training alter parent practice and reduce conduct problems in ethnic minority children? A randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 14(1), 52-63. Boggs, S.R., Eyberg, S.M., Edwards, D.L., Rayfield, A., Jacobs, J., Bagner, D., & Hood, K.K. (2005). Outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy: A comparison of treatment completers and study dropouts one to three years later. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 26(4), 1-22. Bradley, S.J., Jadaa, D.A., Brody, J., Landy, S., Tallett, S.E., Watson, W…. Stephens, D. (2003). Brief psychoeducational parenting program: An evaluation and 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(10), 1171-1178.

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Bryan, V., Flaherty, C., & Saunders, C. (2010). Supporting adoptive families: Participant perceptions of a statewide peer mentoring and support program. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 4(1), 91-112. Burke, B.L., Arkowitz, H., & Menchola, M. (2003). The efficacy of motivational interviewing: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(5), 843-861. Bushman, B.B., & Peacock, G.G. (2010). Does teaching problem-solving skills matter? An evaluation of problem-solving skills training for the treatment of social and behavioral problems in children. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 32(2), 103-124. Bywater, T., Hutchings, J., Linck, P., Whitaker, C., Daley, D., Yeo, S. T., & Edwards, R. T. (2011). Incredible Years parent training support for foster carers in Wales: A multi-centre feasibility study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(2), 233-243. Carpentier, M. Y., Silovsky, J. F., & Chaffin, M. (2006). Randomized trial of treatment for children with sexual behavior problems: Ten-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 482-488. Cary, C. E., & McMillen, J. C. (2012). The data behind the dissemination: A systematic review of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for use with children and youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 748-757. Chamberlain, P., & Rosicky, J.G. (1995). The effectiveness of family therapy in the treatment of adolescents with conduct disorders and delinquency. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21(4), 441-459. Connell, A.M., Dishion, T.J., Yasui, M., & Kavanagh, K. (2007). An adaptive approach to family intervention: Linking engagement in family-centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(4), 568-579. Cooley, M. E., Veldorale-Griffin, A., Petren, R. E., & Mullis, A. K. (2014). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: A meta-analysis of child behavior outcomes and parent stress. Journal of Family Social Work, 17(3), 191-208.

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Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A.P., Cohen, J.A., Runyon, M.K., & Steer, R.A. (2011). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: Impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length. Depression and Anxiety, 28(1), 67-75. Diehle, J., Opmeer, B. C., Boer, F., Mannarino, A. P., & Lindauer, R. J. (2015). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: What works in children with posttraumatic stress symptoms? A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(2), 227-236. Dorsey, S., Pullmann, M. D., Berliner, L., Koschmann, E., McKay, M., & Deblinger, E. (2014). Engaging foster parents in treatment: A randomized trial of supplementing Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with evidence-based engagement strategies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(9), 1508-1520. Dozier, M., Peloso, E., Lindhiem, O., Gordon, M. K., Manni, M., Sepulveda, S., . . . Levine, S. (2006). Developing evidence-based interventions for foster children: An example of a randomized clinical trial with infants and toddlers. Journal of Social Issues, 62(4), 767-785. Duncombe, M.E., Havighurst, S.S., Holland, K.A., & Frankling, E.J. (2012). The contribution of parenting practices and parent emotion factors in children at risk for disruptive behavior disorders. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(5), 715-733. Erickson M D. (2013). Disrupted adoptions, contributing factors and intervention techniques (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, (3539690). Evers, K.E., Prochaska, J.O., Johnson, J.L., Mauriello, L.M., Padula, J.A., & Prochaska, J.M. (2006). A randomized clinical trial of a population- and transtheoretical model-based stress-management intervention. Health Psychology, 25(4), 521-529. Fernandez, M.A., & Eyberg, S.M. (2009). Predicting treatment and follow-up attrition in parent-child interaction therapy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 431-441. Henderson, C.E., Rowe, C.L., Dakof, G.A., Hawes, S.W., & Liddle, H.A. (2009). Parenting practices as mediators of treatment effects in an early intervention trial of multidimensional family therapy. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35(4), 220-226.

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Hogue, A., Dauber, S., Samuolis, J., & Liddle, H.A. (2006). Treatment techniques and outcomes in multidimensional family therapy for adolescent behavior problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 535-543. Hornby, H., Zeller, D., Homenick, L., & Goan, S. (2012). Nebraska family helpline, family navigator, and right turn post adoption service: Final evaluation report. Retrieved from http://dhhs.ne.gov/behavioral_health/Documents/HZA-FY12-Evaluation-Report-Final.pdf. Hutchings, J., & Bywater, T. (2013). Delivering the Incredible Years parent programme to foster carers in Wales: Reflections from group leader supervision. Adoption & Fostering, 37(1), 28-42. Kazdin, A.E., Esveldt-Dawson, K., French, N.H., & Unis, A.S. (1987a). Problem-solving skills training and relationship therapy in the treatment of antisocial child behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 76-85. Kinney, J.M., Madsen, B., Fleming, T., & Haapala, D.A. (1977). Homebuilders: Keeping families together. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45(4), 667-673. Koh, E., & Rolock, N. (2010). Evaluation of adoption preservation, advocacy and linkage (APAL) & maintaining adoption connections (MAC) programs: Final report. Retrieved from http://cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/rp_20100601_EvaluationOfAPALAndMACProgramsFinalReport.pdf. Kriebel, D. K., Wigfield, A., Reilly, D., Krebs, M., & Marklin, J. (2002). Preparing for change: Results from a therapeutic intervention with foster children in the midst of permanency planning. Adoption Quarterly, 6(2), 59-65. Lanier, P., Kohl, P.L., Benz, J., Swinger, D., & Drake, B. (2014). Preventing maltreatment with a community-based implementation of parent-child interaction therapy. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(2), 449-460.

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Leathers, S. J., Spielfogel, J. E., Gleeson, J. P., & Rolock, N. (2012). Behavior problems, foster home integration, and evidence-based behavioral interventions: What predicts adoption of foster children. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 891-899. Lees, D.G., Fergusson, D.M., Frampton, C.M., & Merry, S. (2014). A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of adding a structured home visiting intervention to improve outcomes for high-risk families attending the Incredible Years Parent Programme: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 15(1), 66-84. Lieberman, A. F., Ippen, C. G., & Van Horn, P. (2006). Child-parent psychotherapy: 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(8), 913-918. Lundahl, B.W., Kunz, C., Brownell, C., Tollefson, D., & Burke, B.L. (2010). A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing: Twenty-five years of empirical studies. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(2), 137-160. Lyles, M., Homeyer, L.E. (2015). The use of sandtray therapy with adoptive families. Adoption Quarterly, 18(1), 67-80. Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., Runyon, M. K., & Steer, R. A. (2012). Trauma-focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for children sustained impact of treatment 6 and 12 months later. Child Maltreatment, 17(3), 231-241. Miller, W.R., Yahne, C.E., Moyers, T.B., Martinez, J., & Pirritano, M. (2004). A randomized trial of methods to help clinicians learn motivational interviewing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 1050-1062. Naar-King, S. (2011). Motivational interviewing in adolescent treatment. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(11), 651-657. Nieter, L., Thornberry, T., & Brestan-Knight, E. (2013). Effectiveness of group parent-child interaction therapy with community families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(4), 490-501. Nystul, M.S. (1982). The effects of systematic training for effective parenting on parental attitudes. Journal of Psychology, 112(1), 63-66.

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Pane, H.T., White, R.S., Nadorff, M.R., Grills-Taquechel, A., & Stanley, M.A. (2013). Multisystemic therapy for child non-externalizing psychological and health problems: A Preliminary review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16(1), 81-99. Porzig-Drummond, R., Stevenson, R. J., & Stevenson, C. (2014). The 1-2-3 Magic parenting program and its effect on child problem behaviors and dysfunctional parenting: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 52-64. Purvis, K.B., Cross, D.R., Dansereau, D.F., & Parris, S.R. (2013). Trust-based relational intervention (TBRI): A systemic approach to complex developmental trauma. Children & Youth Services, 34(4), 360-386. Sanders, M.R., & Kirby, J.N. (2012). Consumer engagement and the development, evaluation, and dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs. Behavioral Therapy, 43(2), 236-250. Schuhmann, E.M., Foote, R.C., Eyberg, S.M., Boggs, S.R., & Algina, J. (1998). Efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy: Interim report of a randomized trial with short-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27(1), 34-45. Sexton, T., & Turner, C.W. (2010). The effectiveness of functional family therapy for youth with behavioral problems in a community practice setting. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 339-348. Sigel, B.A., Benton, A.H., Lynch, C.E., & Kramer, T.L. (2013). Characteristics of 17 statewide initiatives to disseminate trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5(4), 323-333. Sigel, B.A., Kramer, T.L., Conners-Burrow, N.A., Church, J.K., Worley, K.B., & Mitrani, N.A. (2013). Statewide dissemination of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). Children and Youth Services Review, 35(6), 1023-1029. Slesnick, N., & Prestopnik, J. (2009). Comparison of family therapy outcome with alcohol abusing, runaway adolescents. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 255-277.

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St. Amand, A., Bard, D.E., & Silovsky, J.F. (2008). Meta-analysis of treatment for child sexual behavior problems: Practice elements and outcomes. Child Maltreatment, 13(2), 145-166. Taussig, H. N., Culhane, S. E., Garrido, E., & Knudtson, M. D. (2012). RCT of a mentoring and skills group program: Placement and permanency outcomes for foster youth. Pediatrics, 130(1), e33-e39. Taussig, H. N., Culhane, S. E., & Hettleman, D. (2007). Fostering healthy futures: An innovative preventive intervention for preadolescent youth in out-of-home care. Child Welfare, 86(5), 113-131. Timmer, S. G., Urquiza, A. J., & Zebell, N. (2006). Challenging foster caregiver–maltreated child relationships: The effectiveness of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy. Children and Youth Services Review, 28(1), 1-19. Timmons-Mitchell, J., Bender, M.B., Kishna, M.A., & Mitchell, C.C. (2006). An independent effectiveness trial of multisystemic therapy with juvenile justice youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(5), 227-236. van der Stouwe, T., Asscher, J.J., Stams, G.J.J.M., Dekovic, M., & van der Laan, P.H. (2014). The effectiveness of multisystemic therapy (MST): A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 468-481. Vandivere, S., Allen, T., Malm, K., McKlindon, A., & Zinn, A. (2011). Technical report # 2: Wendy’s Wonderful Kids program impacts. Washington, DC: Child Trends. Watson, M.T., Stern, N.M., & Foster, T.W. (2012). Helping parents and adoptees through the adoption process using group work. The Family Journal, 20(4), 433-440. Webster-Stratton, C., Rinaldi, J., & Jamila, M.R. (2011). Long-term outcomes of Incredible Years Parenting Program: Predictors of adolescent adjustment. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16(1), 38-46. Weersing, V.R., Iyengar, S., Kolko, D.J., Birmaher, B., & Brent, D.A. (2006). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: A benchmarking investigation. Behavioral Therapy, 37(1), 36-48.

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Weiss, B., Han, S., Harris, V., Catron, T., Ngo, V.K., Caron, A., Gallop, R., & Guth, C. (2013). An independent randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy with non-court-referred adolescents with serious conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(6), 1027-1039. Werba, B.E., Eyberg, S.M., Boggs, S.R., & Algina, J. (2006). Predicting outcome in parent-child interaction therapy: Success and attrition. Behavioral Modification, 30(5), 618-646.

Trauma and attachment issues

Allen, B. B., Timmer, S. G., & Urquiza, A. J. (2014). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy as an attachment-based intervention: Theoretical rationale and pilot data with adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 47(3), 334-341. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Steele, H., Zeanah, C.H., Muhamedrahimov, R.J., Vorria, P., Dobrova-Krol... Gunnar, M.R. (2011). Attachment and emotional development in institutional care: Characteristics and catch-up. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 76(4), 62-91. Beijersbergen, M. D., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Remaining or becoming secure: Parental sensitive support predicts attachment continuity from infancy to adolescence in a longitudinal adoption study. Developmental Psychology, 48(5), 1277-1282. Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., Lewis-Morrarty, E., Lindhiem, O., & Carlson, E. (2012). Enhancing attachment organization among maltreated children: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Child Development, 83(2), 623-636. Caspers, K., Yucuis, R., Troutman, B., Arndt, S., & Langbehn, D. (2007). A sibling adoption study of adult attachment: The influence of shared environment on attachment states of mind. Attachment & Human Development, 9(4), 375-391. Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M….van der Kolk, B. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390-398.

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D’Andrea, W., Ford, J., Stolbach, B., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B.A. (2012). Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: Why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. American Orthopsychiatric Association, 82(2), 187-200. Escobar, M. J., Pereira, X., & Santelices, M. P. (2014). Behavior problems and attachment in adopted and non-adopted adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 59-66. Groza, V., & Rosenthal, J. A. (1993). Attachment theory and the adoption of children with special needs. Social Work Research & Abstracts, 29(2), 5-12. Hess, P. (1982). Parent-child attachment concept: Crucial for permanency planning. Social Casework, 63(1), 46-53. Hughes, D.A. (1999). Adopting children with attachment problems. Child Welfare, 78(5), 541-560. Juffer, F., & Rosenboom, L. G. (1997). Infant-mother attachment of internationally adopted children in the Netherlands. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(1), 93-107. Kisiel, C. L., Fehrenbach, T., Torgersen, E., Stolbach, B., McClelland, G., Griffin, G., & Burkman, K. (2014). Constellations of interpersonal trauma and symptoms in child welfare: Implications for a developmental trauma framework. Journal of Family Violence, 29(1), 1-14. Ormhaug, S.M., Jensen, T.K., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Shirk, S.R. (2014). The therapeutic alliance in treatment of traumatized youths: Relation to outcome in a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(1), 52-64. Perry, B.D., Pollard, R.A., Blakley, T.L., Baker, W.L., & Vigilante, D. (1995). Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and “use-dependent” development of the brain: How “states” become “traits.” Infant Mental Health Journal, 16(4), 271-291. Purvis, K.B., Cross, D.R., Dansereau, D.F., & Parris, S.R. (2013). Trust-based relational intervention (TBRI): A systemic approach to complex developmental trauma. Children & Youth Services, 34(4), 360-386.

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Robb, B.J. (2003). Changing the future: The story of attachment with a child with special needs. Clinical Social Work Journal, 31(1), 9-24. Stinehart, M.A., Scott, D.A., & Barfield, H.G. (2012). Reactive attachment disorder in adopted and foster care children: Implications for mental health professionals. Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 20(4), 355-360. Stovall, K.C., & Dozier, M. (1998). Infants in foster care: An attachment theory perspective. Adoption Quarterly, 2(1), 55-88. Van den Dries, L., Juffer, F., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2009). Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(3), 410-421. Walker, J. (2008). The use of attachment theory in adoption and fostering. Adoption & Fostering, 32(1), 49-57. Watson, K.W. (1997). Bonding and attachment in adoption: Towards better understanding and useful definitions. Marriage & Family Review, 25(3-4), 159-173. Weiner, D. A., Schneider, A., & Lyons, J. S. (2009). Evidence-based treatments for trauma among culturally diverse foster care youth: Treatment retention and outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(11), 1199-1205. Wimmer, J. S., Vonk, M. E., & Bordnick, P. (2009). A preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of attachment therapy for adopted children with reactive attachment disorder. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26(4), 351-360. Zeanah, C.H. (2000). Disturbances of attachment in young children adopted from institutions. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 21(3), 230-236.

Permanence and guardianship with relatives

Bonecutter, F.J., & Gleeson, J.P. (1997). Broadening our view: Lessons from kinship foster care. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 51(1-2), 99-118.

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California Department of Social Services. (n.d.). Giving a child a permanent home: Choices for relatives. Retrieved from http://www.dhhs.saccounty.net/CPS/Documents/Publications/Giving%20a%20child%20a%20permanent%20home-relatives.pdf. Child Focus & The North American Council on Adoptable Children (2010). Kinship adoption: Meeting the unique needs of a growing population. Retrieved from http://childfocuspartners.com/wp-content/uploads/CF_Kinship_Adoption_Report_v5.pdf. Children’s Defense Fund (2004). States subsidized guardianship laws at a glance. Retrieved from fhttp://www.childrensdefense.org/library/data/state-subsidized-guardianship-laws.pdf. Denby, R. W. (2012). Parental incarceration and kinship care: Caregiver experiences, child well-being, and permanency intentions. Social Work in Public Health, 27(1-2), 104-128. Denby, R. W. (2011). Predicting permanency intentions among kinship caregivers. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 28(2), 113-131. Denby, R. W., & Ayala, J. (2013). Am I my brother's keeper: Adult siblings raising younger siblings. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(2), 193-210. Farmer, E. (2009). Making kinship care work. Adoption & Fostering, 33(3), 15-27. Gaddis, A. (2010). Permanency outcomes of children in foster care: An analysis of kinship and nonkinship foster care. Retrieved from Open Access Theses and Dissertations (http://purl.lib.ua.edu/21257). (R) Hegar, R.L. (1993). Assessing attachment, permanence, and kinship in choosing permanent homes. Child Welfare, 72(4), 367-378. Hinterlong, J., & Ryan, S. (2008). Creating grander families: Older adults adopting younger kin and nonkin. The Gerontologist, 48(4), 527-536. Hong, G. (2006). Differential effects of subsidized guardianship on placement stability for children in kinship care. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland.

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Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (2005). Making the adoption guardianship decision. Retrieved from https://www.illinois.gov/dcfs/lovinghomes/adoption/Documents/CFS-1050-43-Making-the-A-G-Decision.pdf. King, S., Kropf, N. P., Perkins, M., Sessley, L., Burt, C., & Lepore, M. (2009). Kinship care in rural Georgia communities: Responding to needs and challenges of grandparent caregivers. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 7(2-3), 225-242. Krumpelman-Farmer, E.L. (2010). What factors relate to good placement outcomes in kinship care? British Journal of Social Work, 40(2), 426-444. Link, M. K. (1996). Permanency outcomes in kinship care: A study of children placed in kinship care in Erie County, New York. Child Welfare, 75(5), 509-528. Lorkovich, T., Piccola, T., Groza, V., Brindo, M., & Marks, J. (2004). Kinship care and permanence: Guiding principles for policy and practice. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 85(2), 159-164. Mallon, G.P. (2010). From the editor: Fostering connections and practice change. Child Welfare, 89(6), 5-6. O'Brien, P., Massat, C. R., & Gleeson, J. P. (2001). Upping the ante: Relative caregivers' perceptions of changes in child welfare policies. Child Welfare, 80(6), 719-748. O’Brien, V. (2012). The benefits and challenges of kinship care. Child Care in Practice, 18(2), 127-146. Oppenheim, E., & Bussiere, A. (1996). Adoption: Where do relatives stand? Child Welfare, 75(5), 471-488. Patten, E. (2004). The subordination of subsidized guardianship in child welfare proceedings. New York University Review of Law & Social Change, 29, 237-276. Ryan, S.D., Hinterlong, J., Hegar, R.L., & Johnson, L.B. (2010). Kin adopting kin: In the best interest of the children? Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), 1631-1639. (R)

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Smith, C. J., Rudolph, C., & Swords, P. (2002). Kinship care: Issues in permanency planning. Children and Youth Services Review, 24(3), 175-188. Terling-Watt, T. (2001). Permanency in kinship care: An exploration of disruption rates and factors associated with placement disruption. Children and Youth Services Review, 23(2), 111–126. doi:10.1016/S0190-7409(01)00129-3 Testa, M. (2001). Kinship care and permanency. Journal of Social Service Research, 28(1), 25–43. doi:10.1300/J079v28n01_02

Testa, M. F. (2004b). Quality of permanence-lasting or binding-subsidized guardianship and kinship foster care as alternatives to adoption. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, 12, 499-534. Testa, M.F. (2005). The quality of permanence-- lasting or binding? Subsidized guardianship and kinship foster care as alternatives to adoption. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & The Law, 12, 499-534. Testa, M. (2008). Subsidized guardianship demonstrations: What we have learned & how those lessons are guiding policy & practice [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://www.rockvilleinstitute.org/files/CSI_Testa_Guardianship.pdf. Testa, M.F., Cohen, L., & Smith, G. (2003). Illinois subsidized guardianship waiver demonstration: Final evaluation report. Retrieved from http://cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/rp_20030701_IllinoisSubsidizedGuardianshipWaiverDemonstrationFinalEvaluationReport.pdf. Testa, M. F., & Slack, K. S. (2002). The gift of kinship foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 24(1-2), 79-108. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2011b). Synthesis of findings: Subsidized guardianship: Child welfare waiver demonstrations. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Bureau. Wang, E.W., Lambert, M.C., Johnson, L.E., Boudreau, B., Breidenbach, R., & Baumann, D. (2012). Expediting permanent placement from foster care systems: The role of family group decision-making. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 845-850.

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Weissman, I. (2012). Guardianship: A way of fulfilling public responsibility for children. San Bernadino, CA: Ulan Press. Zinn, A. (2009). Foster family characteristics, kinship, and permanence. Social Service Review, 83(2), 185-219. Zinn, A. (2012). Kinship foster family type and placement discharge outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 602-614.

Factors that affect the well-being of children in adoptive and guardianship families

Brodzinsky, D. (2006). Family structural openness and communication openness as predictors in the adjustment of adopted children. Adoption Quarterly, 9(4), 1-18. Brodzinksy, D.M., Schechter, D.E., Braff, A.M., & Singer, L.M. (1984). Psychology and academic adjustment in adopted children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52(4), 582-590. Curtis, R., & Pearson, F. (2010). Contact with birth parents: Differential psychological adjustment for adults adopted as infants. Journal of Social Work, 10(4), 347-367. Dance, C., & Rushton, A. (2005). Predictors of outcome for unrelated adoptive placements made during middle childhood. Child & Family Social Work, 10(4), 269–280. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2005.00357.x Decker, S., & Omori, M. (2009). Age at adoption: Long-term measures of success in adulthood. Adoption Quarterly, 12(1), 37-52. Erich, S., Kanenberg, H., Case, K., Allen, T., & Bogdanos, T. (2009). An empirical analysis of factors affecting adolescent attachment in adoptive families with homosexual and straight parents. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(3), 398-404. Gibbs, D., Barth, R.P., & Houts, R. (2005). Family characteristics and dynamics among families receiving postadoption services. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 86(4), 520-532. Gleitman, I., & Savaya, R. (2011). Adjustment of adolescent adoptees: The role of age of adoption and exposure to pre-adoption stressors. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(5), 758-766.

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Goldberg, A. E., & Smith, J. Z. (2013). Predictors of psychological adjustment in early placed adopted children with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(3), 431-442. Goldman, G. D., & Ryan, S. D. (2011). Direct and modifying influences of selected risk factors on children's pre-adoption functioning and post-adoption adjustment. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(2), 291-300. Grotevant, H.D., & McDermott, J.M. (2014). Adoption: Biological and social processes linked to adaptation. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 235-265. Grotevant, H. D., Rueter, M., Von Korff, L., & Gonzalez, C. (2011). Post-adoption contact, adoption communicative openness, and satisfaction with contact as predictors of externalizing behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(5), 529-536. Groze, V. (1996). A 1 and 2 year follow-up study of adoptive families and special needs children. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 57-82. Harwood, R., Feng, X., & Yu, S. (2013). Preadoption adversities and postadoption mediators of mental health and school outcomes among international, foster, and private adoptees in the United States. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(3), 409-420. Hoksbergen, R.A.C. (1997). Turmoil for adoptees during their adolescence? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(1), 33-46. Hussey, D. L., Falletta, L., & Eng, A. (2012). Risk factors for mental health diagnoses among children adopted from the public child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(10), 2072-2080. Ji, J., Brooks, D., Barth, R. P., & Kim, H. (2010). Beyond preadoptive risk: The impact of adoptive family environment on adopted youth’s psychosocial adjustment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(3), 432-442. Johnson, D.E. (2002). Adoption and the effect on children’s development. Early Human Development, 68(1), 39-54.

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Johnson, L.B. (2006). Adopted adolescents: Do social supports act as a buffer between stressors and adoptive parent-child relationships? Retrieved from Florida State University Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations (FUS_migr_etd-3559). Koh, B. D., & Rueter, M. A. (2011). Contributions of parent–adolescent negative emotionality, adolescent conflict, and adoption status to adolescent externalizing behaviors. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(6), 825-836. Lansford, J. E., Ceballo, R., Abbey, A., & Stewart, A. J. (2001). Does family structure matter? A comparison of adoptive, two-parent biological, single-mother, stepfather, and stepmother households. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(3), 840-851. Leathers, S. J., Spielfogel, J. E., Gleeson, J. P., & Rolock, N. (2012). Behavior problems, foster home integration, and evidence-based behavioral interventions: What predicts adoption of foster children. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 891-899. Livingston Smith, S., Howard, J.A., & Monroe, A.D. (2000). Issues underlying behavior problems in at-risk adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 22(7), 539-562. McDonald, T. P., Propp, J. R., & Murphy, K. C. (2001). The postadoption experience: Child, parent, and family predictors of family adjustment to adoption. Child Welfare, 80(1), 71-94. Nalavany, B.A., & Ryan, S.D. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and the impact on postadoptive child and family functioning: A systematic synthesis of the research literature. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 1(2), 119-134. (R) Nalavany, B. A., Ryan, S. D., & Hinterlong, J. (2009). Externalizing behavior among adopted boys with preadoptive histories of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18(5), 553-573. Nalavany, B. A., Ryan, S. D., Howard, J. A., & Smith, S. L. (2008). Preadoptive child sexual abuse as a predictor of moves in care, adoption disruptions, and inconsistent adoptive parent commitment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(12), 1084–1088. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.07.001

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Park, H., Barth, R.P., & Harrington, D. (2013). Factor structure of adoptive parent-child relationship items from the National Survey of Adoptive Parents. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 4(1), 20-30. Rueter, M. A., & Koerner, A. F. (2008). The effect of family communication patterns on adopted adolescent adjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(3), 715-727. Ripple, L. (1968). A follow-up study of adopted children [with comments]. Social Service Review, 42(4), 479-499. Rycus, J. S., Freundlich, M., Hughes, R. C., Keefer, B., & Oakes, E. J. (2006). Confronting barriers to adoption success. Family Court Review, 44(2), 210-230. Samek, D. R., & Rueter, M. A. (2011). Associations between family communication patterns, sibling closeness, and adoptive status. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(5), 1015-1031. Sharma, A. R., McGue, M. K., & Benson, P. L. (1996a). The emotional and behavioral adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. Sharma, A. R., McGue, M. K., & Benson, P. L. (1996b). The emotional and behavioral adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part II. Age at adoption. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 101-114. Vandivere, S., & McKlindon, A. (2010). The well-being of US children adopted from foster care, privately from the United States and internationally. Adoption Quarterly, 13(3-4), 157-184. Whitten, K. L., & Weaver, S. R. (2010). Adoptive family relationships and healthy adolescent development: A risk and resilience analysis. Adoption Quarterly, 13(3-4), 209-226. Wilson, S. L. (2004). A current review of adoption research: Exploring individual differences in adjustment. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(8), 687-696. Zill, N., & Bramlett, M. D. (2014). Health and well-being of children adopted from foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 40, 29-40.

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First Nation American Indian Policy Review Commission (1977). American Indian Policy Review Commission Final Report. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED164229. Attean, E.A., Burns, P., Proulx, M., Bissonette-Lewey, J., Williams, J., & Deserly, K. (2012). Truth, healing, and systems change: The Maine Wabanaki-state child welfare truth and reconciliation commission process. Child Welfare, 91(3), 15-30. Atwood, B.A. (2002). Flashpoints under the Indian Child Welfare Act: Toward a new understanding of court resistance. Emory Law Journal, 51, 587-596. Barth, R. P., Webster, D., & Lee, S. (2002). Adoption of American Indian children: Implications for implementing the Indian Child Welfare and Adoption and Safe Families Acts. Children and Youth Services Review, 24(3), 139-158. Blanchard, E.L. (1980). What is best for tribal children? A response to Fischler. Social Work, 25(5), 350-357. Brown, E.F., Limb, G.E., Clifford, C.A., Munoz, R., & Whitaker, L.S. (2004). Using tribal/state Title IV-E agreements to help American Indian tribes access foster care and adoption funding. Child Welfare, 83(4), 293-316. Bussey, M., & Lucero, N.M. (2013). Re-examining child welfare’s response to ICWA: Collaborating with community based agencies to reduce disparities for American Indian/Alaska Native children. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(3), 391-401. Carleton, J.N. (1997). The Indian Child Welfare Act: A study in the codification of the ethnic best interests of the child. Marquette Law Review, 81(21), 22-45. Carriere, J. (2007). Promising practice for maintaining identities in First Nation Adoption. First Peoples Child and Family Review, 3(1), 46-64. Carter, V. B. (2009). Prediction of placement into out-of-home care for American Indian/Alaskan Natives compared to non-Indians. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(8), 840-846.

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Crofoot, T.L., & Harris, M.S. (2012). An Indian child welfare perspective on disproportionality in child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(9), 1667-1674. Cross, S.L., Day, A., Gogliotti, L.J., & Pung, J.J. (2013). Challenges to recruit and retain American Indian and Alaskan Natives into social work programs: The impact on the child welfare workforce. Child Welfare, 92(4), 31-53. Gallagher, B.D. (1994). Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978: The congressional foray into the adoption process. Northern Illinois Law Review, 15, 81-106. Green H. J. (1983). Risks and attitudes associated with extra-cultural placement of American Indian children-- A critical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(1) 63-67. Gross, E.R. (2003). Native American family continuity as resistance: The Indian Child Welfare Act as legitimation for an effective social work practice. Journal of Social Work, 3(1), 31-44. Guerrero, M.P. (1979). Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978: A response to the threat of Indian culture caused by foster and adoptive placements of Indian children. American Indian Law Review, 7(1), 51-77. Hager, C.S. (1993). Prodigal son: The ‘existing Indian family’ exception to the Indian Child Welfare Act. Clearinghouse Review, 27(8), 874-883. Heifetz Hollinger, J. (1988). Beyond the best interests of the tribe: The Indian Child Welfare Act and the adoption of Indian children, University of Detroit Law Review, 66, 451-501. Hill, L.F. (2005). Family group conferencing: An alternative approach to the placement of Alaska Native children under the Indian Child Welfare Acct. Alaska Law Review, 22(1), 89-112. Jacobs, M.D. (2013). Remembering the ‘forgotten child’: The American Indian child welfare crisis of the 1960s and 1970s. American Indian Quarterly, 37(1-2), 136-159. Jones, B.J. (1999). In their native lands: The legal status of American Indian children in North Dakota. North Dakota Law Review, 75, 204-241.

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Jones, D.M. (1969). Child welfare problems in an Alaskan Native village. Social Service Review, 43(3), 297-309. Klamm, R. (2009). Helping first nations children-in-care develop a healthy identity: Sitsipssat ohp o ‘kia ‘pitapi Sspommihtaa niitsitapi ii ‘ksskita sokimmohsi itapiiyi.Retrieved fro Royal Roads University (http://hdl.handle.net/10170/134). Kunesh, P.H. (1996). Transcending frontiers: Indian child welfare in the United States. Boston College Third World Law Journal, 16, 17-34. Leake, R., Potter, C., Lucero, N., Gardner, J., & Deserly, K. (2012). Findings from a national needs assessment of American Indian/Alaska Native child welfare programs. Child Welfare, 91(3), 47-63. Lyslo, A. (1962). Suggested criteria to evaluate families to adopt American Indian children through the Indian adoption project. (pp. 1, 3-5). Child Welfare League of America Papers, Box 17, Folder 3, Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota. Matheson, L. (1996). The politics of the Indian Child Welfare Act. Social Work, 41(2), 232-235. McCarthy, R.J. (1993). The Indian Child Welfare Act: In the best interests of the child and tribe. Clearinghouse Review, 27, 864-870. McMahon, A., & Gullerud, E.N. (1995). Native American agencies for Native American children: Fulfilling the promise of the Indian Child Welfare Act. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 22(1), 87-98. Mihesuah, D.A. (1998). American Indian identities: Issues of individual choices and development. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 22(2), 193-226. Morris, S.M. (2015). Baby Veronica ruling: Implications for the Indian Child Welfare Act in Indian child removals and adoptions to non indian custodians. National Lawyers Guild Review, 72(1), 1-33. Morrison, C., Fox, K., Cross, T., & Paul, R. (2010). Permanency through Wabanaki eyes: A narrative perspective from “the people who live where the sun rises”. Child Welfare, 89(1), 103-123.

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Neckoway, R. ( 2011). The role of culture in parenting: Some Ojibway parents’ perspectives. Retrieved from Memorial University Research Repository (12285). Porter, L.L., Zink, P.P., Gebhardt, A.R., Ells, M., & Graef, M. (2012). Best outcomes for Indian children. Child Welfare, 91(3), 135-156. Quash-Mah, S., Stockard, J., Johnson-Shelton, D., & Crowley, R. (2010). Fulfilling the hope of ICWA: The role of community context. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(6), 896-901. Robin, R. W., Rasmussen, J. K., & Gonzalez-Santin, E. (1999). Impact of childhood out-of-home placement on a Southwestern American Indian tribe. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2(1-2), 69-89. Slaughter, M.M. (2000). Contested identities: The adoption of American Indian children and the liberal state. Social & Legal Studies, 9(2), 227-248. Topper, M.D. (1979). ‘Mormon placement:’ The effects of missionary foster families on Navajo adolescents. ETHOS, 7(2), 142-160.

Attributes of adoptive parents and guardians

Bausch, R. (2006). Predicting willingness to adopt a child: A consideration of demographic and attitudinal factors. Sociological Perspectives, 49(1), 47-65. Beijersbergen, M. D., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Remaining or becoming secure: Parental sensitive support predicts attachment continuity from infancy to adolescence in a longitudinal adoption study. Developmental Psychology, 48(5), 1277-1282. Brodzinsky, D. (2006). Family structural openness and communication openness as predictors in the adjustment of adopted children. Adoption Quarterly, 9(4), 1-18. Brown, E. (1988). Recruiting adoptive parents for children with developmental disabilities. Child Welfare, 67(2), 123-135. Crea, T. M., Barth, R. P., & Moreno, H. M. (2012). Consistency between self-reported risks and strengths among prospective adoptive couples: Findings from home studies. Child Welfare, 91(4), 109-126.

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Deiner, P.L., Wilson, N.J., & Unger, D.G. (1988). Motivation and characteristics of families who adopt children with special needs: An empirical study. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 8(2), 15-29. Elam, K. K., Harold, G. T., Neiderhiser, J. M., Reiss, D., Shaw, D. S., Natsuaki, M. N., … Leve, L. D. (2014). Adoptive parent hostility and children’s peer behavior problems: Examining the role of genetically informed child attributes on adoptive parent behavior. Developmental Psychology, 50(5), 1543-1552. Ishizawa, H., & Kubo, K. (2014). Factors affecting adoption decisions child and parental characteristics. Journal of Family Issues, 35(5), 627-653. McDonald, T. P., Propp, J. R., & Murphy, K. C. (2001). The postadoption experience: Child, parent, and family predictors of family adjustment to adoption. Child Welfare, 80(1), 71-94. Meezan, W., Shireman, J.F. (1985). Antecedents to foster parent adoption decisions. Children and Youth Services Review: Special Issue: Permanency Planning for Children, 7(2-3), 207-224. Noordegraaf, M., van Nijnatten, C., & Elbers, E. (2009). How social workers start to assess the suitability of prospective adoptive parents. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 42(3), 276-298. Noy-Sharav, D. (2002). Good enough adoptive parenting-- the adopted child and selfobject relations. Clinical Social Work Journal, 30(1), 57-76. Reilly, T., & Platz, L. (2003). Characteristics and challenges of families who adopt children with special needs: An empirical study. Children and Youth Services Review, 25(10), 781-803.

The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA)

Adler, L. (2001). The meanings of permanence: A critical analysis of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 38(1), 1-36. Avrushin, A. (2013). The meaning of ‘child caring’ in post-ASFA child welfare practice. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (3606292).

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Barth, R. P., Webster, D., & Lee, S. (2002). Adoption of American Indian children: Implications for implementing the Indian Child Welfare and Adoption and Safe Families Acts. Children and Youth Services Review, 24(3), 139-158. Berrick, J.D., Choi, Y., D’Andrade, A., & Frame, L. (2008). Reasonable efforts? Implementation of the reunification bypass provision of ASFA. Child Welfare, 87(3), 163-182. Bryson, S.A. (2009). Constructing the good enough family: Child welfare decision-making in the ASFA era. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (3339370). Escalante-Guerra, M. (2009). Policy analysis proposal regarding the Adoptions and Safe Family Act of 1997. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (1466204). Ganser, M. (2007). Policy analysis: The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 and the Children Act 2004. Long Beach, CA: California State University. Green, B.L., Rockhill, A., & Furrer, C. (2006). Understanding patterns of substance abuse treatment for women involved with child welfare: The influence of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 32(2), 149-176. Haro, V. (2011). Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997: A policy analysis. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (1499258). Lowry, M.R. (2004). Putting teeth into ASFA: The need for statutory minimum standards. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(11), 1021-1031. Miller, S.E. (2011). Fostering attachment in the face of systemic disruption: Clinical treatment with children in foster care and the Adoption and Safe Families Act. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 81(1), 62-80. Moye, J., & Rinker, R. (2002). It’s a hard knock life: Does the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 adequately address problems in the child welfare system? Harvard Journal on Legislation, 39(2), 375-394. Padilla, V. (2013). The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997: A policy analysis. Retrieved from PQDT Open (1523293).

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Phillips, C.M., & Mann, A. (2013). Historical analysis of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(7), 862-868. Pizano, J. (2010). Policy analysis: Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Retrieved from PQDT Open (1486360). Rockhill, A., Green, B.L., & Furrer, C. (2007). Is the adoption and safe families act influencing child welfare outcomes for families with substance abuse issues? Child Maltreatment, 12(1), 7-19. Schroeder, J., Lemieux, C., & Pogue, R. (2008). The collision of the Adoption and Safe Families Act and substance abuse: Research-based education and training priorities for child welfare professionals. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 28(1-2), 227-246. Smith, C.J., & Young, D.S. (2003). The multiple impacts of TANF, ASFA, and mandatory drug sentencing for families affected by maternal incarceration. Children and Youth Services Review, 25(7), 535-552. Smith, S.L., Howard, J.A., Garnier, P.C., & Ryan, S.D. (2006). Where are we now? A post-ASFA examination of adoption disruption. Adoption Quarterly, 9(4), 19-44. Stein, T. (2000). The Adoption and Safe Families Act: Creating a false dichotomy between parents’ and children’s rights. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 81(6), 586-590. Wulczyn, F.H., Chen, L., & Hislop, K.B. (2006). Adoption dynamics and the Adoption and Safe Families Act. Social Service Review, 80(4), 584-608. Yip, S.M. (2011). The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997: A policy analysis. Retrieved from PQDT Open (1499315).

Open Adoption Allen, A.L. (2005). Open adoption is not for everyone. In S. Haslanger & C. Witt, Adoption matters: Philosophical and feminist essays (pp. 47-67). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Baran, A., & Pannor, R. (1993). Perspectives on open adoption. The Future of Children, 3(1), 119-124.

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Berry, M. (1993). Risks and benefits of open adoption. The Future of Children, 3(1), 125-138. Berry, M. (1991). The practice of open adoption: Findings from a study of 1396 adoptive families. Children and Youth Services Review, 13(5-6), 379-395. Brown, D., Ryan, S., & Pushkal, J.T. (2007). Initial validation of the Open Adoption Scale: Measuring the influence of adoption myths on attitudes toward open adoption. Adoption Quarterly, 10(3-4), 179-196. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2014). Postadoption contact agreements between birth and adoptive families. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Farr, R. H., & Goldberg, A. E. (2015). Contact between birth and adoptive families during the first year post-placement: Perspectives of lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parents. Adoption Quarterly, 18(1), 1-24. Faulkner, M., & Madden, E. E. (2012). Open adoption and post-adoption birth family contact: A comparison of non-relative foster and private adoptions. Adoption Quarterly, 15(1), 35-56. Grotevant, H. D., McRoy, R. G., Wrobel, G. M., & Ayers-Lopez, S. (2013). Contact between adoptive and birth families: Perspectives from the Minnesota/Texas adoption research project. Child Development Perspectives, 7(3), 193-198. Logan, J., & Smith, C. (2005). Face-to-face contact post adoption: Views from the triangles. British Journal of Social Work, 35(1), 3-35. McLaughlin, A.M. (2013). Negotiating openness: A qualitative study of adoptive parents’ experience of contact in open adoption. Canadian Social Work Review, 30(1), 5-23. Ryan, S. D., Harris, G., Brown, D., Houston, D. M., Smith, S. L., & Howard, J. A. (2011). Open adoptions in child welfare: Social worker and foster/adoptive parent attitudes. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 5(4), 445-466. Siegel, D. (2008). Open adoption and adolescence. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 89(3), 366-374.

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Siegel, D. (2012). Growing up in open adoption: Young adults’ perspectives. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 93(2), 133-140. Siegel, D.H. (2013). Open adoption: Adoptive parents’ reactions two decades later. Social Work, 58(1), 43-52. Von Korff, L., & Grotevant, H. D. (2011). Contact in adoption and adoptive identity formation: The mediating role of family conversation. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(3), 393-401.

Adoption Discontinuity, Disruption & Dissolution

Barth, R. P., & Berry, M. (1988). Adoption and disruption: Rates, risks, and responses. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Berry, M., & Barth, R. P. (1990). A study of disrupted adoptive placements of adolescents. Child Welfare, 69(3), 209–225.

Barth, R.P., Berry, M., Yoshikami, R., Goodfield, R.K., & Carson, M.L. (1988). Predicting adoption disruption. Social Work, 33(3), 227-233. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2012a). Adoption disruption and dissolution. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Coakley, J.F. (2005). Finalized adoption disruption: A family perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. Coakley, J.F., & Berrick, J.D. (2008). Research review: In a rush to permanency: Preventing adoption disruption. Child & Family Social Work, 13(1), 101-112. Deoudes, G., & Pertman, A. (2004). What’s working for children: A policy study of adoption stability and termination. New York, NY: Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute. Dickson, L. R., Heffron, W. M., & Parker, C. (1990). Children from disrupted and adoptive homes on an inpatient unit. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60(4), 594–602. doi:10.1037/h0079211 Festinger, T. (2002). After adoption: Dissolution or permanence? Child Welfare, 81(3), 515–533.

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Goerge, R.M., Howard, E.C., Yu, D., & Radomsky, S. (1997). Adoption, disruption, and displacement in the child welfare system, 1976-94. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago, Chapin Hall Center for Children. Goodman, D.A. (1993). Here today, gone tomorrow: An investigation of the factors that impact adoption disruption. Unpublished dissertation submitted to The Ohio State University, retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/osu1334761108/inline. Hall Grosett, M. (2005). Factors associated with special needs adoption disruption (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global (UMI 3189218)

Hartinger-Saunders, R. M., Trouteaud, A., & Matos Johnson, J. (2015). Post adoption service need and use as predictors of adoption dissolution: Findings from the 2012 National Adoptive Families Study. Adoption Quarterly, 18(4), 255–272. doi:10.1080/10926755.2014.895469 Hollingsworth, L. D. (2003). When an adoption disrupts: A study of public attitudes. Family Relations, 52(2), 161-166. Holtan, A., Handegård, B. H., Thørnblad, R., & Vis, S. A. (2013). Placement disruption in long-term kinship and nonkinship foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(7), 1087-1094. Jones, A.S., & LaLiberte, T. (2010). Adoption disruption and dissolution report, retrieved from http://cascw.umn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/AdoptionDissolutionReport.pdf. Kadushin, A., & Seidl, F.W. (1971). Adoption failure: A social work postmortem. Social Work, 16(3), 32-38. Kenrick, J. (2009). Concurrent planning: A retrospective study of the continuities and discontinuities of care, and their impact on the development of infants and young children placed for adoption by the Coram Concurrent Planning Project. Adoption & Fostering, 33(4), 5-18. McDonald, T. P., Lieberman, A. A., Partridge, S., & Hornby, H. (1991). Assessing the role of agency services in reducing adoption disruptions. Children and Youth Services Review, 13(5), 425–438. doi:10.1016/0190-7409(91)90030-L

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Randall, J. (2013). Failing to settle: A decade of disruptions in a voluntary adoption agency in placements made between 2001 and 2011. Adoption & Fostering, 37(2), 188–199. doi:10.1177/0308575913490493 Rolock, N. (2013). Predictors of stability for former foster children in adoptive and guardianship homes. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, (3604078). Rolock, N. (2015). Post-permanency continuity: What happens after adoption and guardianship from foster care? Journal of Public Child Welfare, 9(2), 153–173. doi:10.1080/15548732.2015.1021986 Rolock, N., & White, K. R. (2016). Post-permanency discontinuity: A longitudinal examination of outcomes for foster youth after adoption or guardianship. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 419–427. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.025 Rosenthal, J.A., Schmidt, D., & Conner, J. (1988). Predictors of special needs adoption disruption: An exploratory study. Children and Youth Services Review, 10(2), 101-117. Rycus, J.S., Freundlich, M., Hughes, R.C., & Oakes, E.J. (2006). Confronting barriers to adoption success. Family Court Review, 44(2), 210-230. Schmidt, D.M., Rosenthal, J.A., & Bombeck, B. (1988). Parents’ views of adoption disruption. Children and Youth Services Review, 10(2), 119-130. Schwartz, L.L. (1984). Adoption custody and family therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 12(4), 51-58. Selwyn, J., Meakins, S., & Wijedasa, D. (2015). Beyond the adoption order: Challenges, interventions, and adoption disruption. London, UK: BAAF. Selwyn, J., Wijedasa, D., & Meakings, S. (2014). Beyond the adoption order: Challenges, interventions and adoption disruption. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government

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Valdez, G.M., & McNamara, J.R. (1994). Matching to prevent adoption disruption. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 11(5), 391-403. Westhues, A., & Cohen, J.S. (1990). Preventing disruption of special-needs adoptions. Child Welfare, 69(2), 141-155.

Post Adoption Services

Anderson, D. (2006). Post-adoption services: Needs of the family. Journal of Family Social Work, 9(3), 19-33. Barth, R.P., & Miller, J.M. (2000). Building effective post-adoption services: What is the empirical foundation? Family Relations, 49(4), 447-455. Bustillo, M.F. (2010). Heart and art: Post-adoption program: A grant proposal. Retrieved from PQDT Open (1486629). Child Welfare Information Gateway (2012b). Finding and using postadoption services. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2012c). Providing postadoption services. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2005). Post-legal adoption services for children with special needs and their families: Challenges and lessons learned. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Dhami, M. K., Mandel, D. R., & Sothmann, K. (2007). An evaluation of post-adoption services. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(2), 162-179. Fuller, T.L. (2006). Supporting adoptions and guardianships in Illinois: An analysis of subsidies services, and spending. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Lenerz, K., Gibbs, D., & Barth, R.P. (2001). Evaluating post-adoption services: Knowledge from the past, plans for the future. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.1272&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

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Liao, M., & Testa, M. (2014). Postadoption and guardianship: An evaluation of the adoption preservation, assessment, and linkage program. Research on Social Work Practice, 26(6), 675-685. Liao, M., & White, K. R. (2014). Post-permanency service needs, service utilization, and placement discontinuity for kinship versus non-kinship families. Children and Youth Services Review, 44, 370–378. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.007 Marcenko, M. O., & Smith, L. K. (1991). Post-adoption needs of families adopting children with developmental disabilities. Children and Youth Services Review, 13(5-6), 413-424. Marsh, J.R. (2011, March 17). Promoting stable families through postadoption support [web blog]. Retrieved from http://childlaw.us/promoting_stable_families_thro/#.WGFP5PkrI2w. Merritt, D. H., & Festinger, T. (2013). Post-adoption service need and access: Differences between international, kinship and non-kinship foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(12), 1913-1922. North American Council on Adoptable Children (2007). Post-adoption services: Meeting the mental health needs of children adopted from foster care. Retrieved from http://www.nacac.org/policy/postadoptpaper.pdf. NYS Citizens’ Coalition for Children (2010). Parents and professionals identify post adoption service needs. Retrieved from http://affcny.org/wp-content/uploads/PAS-Survey-Full.pdf. Phillips, R., & McWilliam, E. (1995). Developing a post-adoptive service for adoptive families. Practice: Social Work in Action, 7(3), 45-58. Reilly, T., & Platz, L. (2004). Post-adoption service needs of families with special needs children: Use, helpfulness, and unmet needs. Journal of Social Service Research, 30(4), 51-67. Samuel-Sturgess, A. (2011). Post-adoption services for families with special needs children: A grant proposal. Retrieved from PQDT Open (1493180). Schwartz, A.E., Cody, P.A., Ayers-Lopez, S.J., McRoy, R.G., & Fong, R. (2014). Post-adoption support groups: Strategies for addressing marital issues. Adoption Quarterly, 17(2), 85-111.

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Smith, S.L., Maza, P., Magruder, J., Sciamanna, J., & Howard, J. (2014). Keeping the promise: The case for adoption support and preservation. Retrieved from http://www.adoptioninstitute.org/publications/keeping-the-promise-the-case-for-adoption-support-and-preservation/. Voice for Adoption (2009). Encouraging adoption and helping families: The case for refocusing federal funding on post-adoption services. Retrieved from http://voice-for-adoption.org/sites/default/files/VFA%20post-adopt%20paper%20FINAL%207.9.09.pdf . Zosky, D. L., Howard, J. A., Smith, S. L., Howard, A. M., & Shelvin, K. H. (2005). Investing in adoptive families: What adoptive families tell us regarding the benefits of adoption preservation services. Adoption Quarterly, 8(3), 1-23.

Adoption-General Aitken, G. (1995). Changing adoption policy and practice to deal with children in limbo. Child Welfare, 74(3), 679-693. Akin, B. A. (2011). Predictors of foster care exits to permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(6), 999-1011. Akin, B. A., Brook, J., & Lloyd, M. H. (2015). Examining the role of methamphetamine in permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(2), 119-130. Alexander, L. B., Dore, M. M., Hollingsworth, L. D., & Hoopes, J. W. (2004). A family of trust: African American parents' stories of adoption disclosure. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74(4), 448-455. Atkinson, A., & Gonet, P. (2007). Strengthening adoption practice, listening to adoptive families. Child Welfare, 86(2), 87-104. Atkinson, A.J., Gonet, P.A., Freundlich, M., & Riley, D.B. (2013). Adoption competent clinical practice: Defining its meaning and development. Adoption Quarterly, 16(3-4), 156-174. Avery, R. J., & Butler, J. S. (2001). Timeliness in the adoptive placement of photolisted children: The New York State blue books. Adoption Quarterly, 4(4), 19-46.

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Avery, R. J., Butler, J. S., Schmidt, E. B., & Holtan, B. A. (2009). AdoptUsKids national photolisting service: Characteristics of listed children and length of time to placement. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(1), 140-154. Avery, R.J., & Mont, D. (1992). Financial support of children involved in special needs adoption: A policy evaluation. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 11(3), 419-441. Barbee, A.P., Christensen, D., Antle, B., Wandersman, A., & Cahn, K. (2011). Successful adoption and implementation of a comprehensive casework practice model in a public child welfare agency: Application of the Getting to Outcomes (GTO) model. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(5), 622-633. Barth, R.P. (1999). Setting performance goals for adoption services: Estimating the need for adoption of children in foster care. Adoption Quarterly, 2(3), 29-38. Barth, R.P. (1997). Permanent placements for young children placed in foster care: A proposal for a child welfare services performance standard. Children and Youth Services Review, 19(8), 615-631. Belanger, K., Copeland, S., & Cheung, M. (2008). The role of faith in adoption: Achieving positive adoption outcomes for African American children. Child Welfare, 87(2), 99-123. Berry, M. (1998). Adoption in an era of family preservation. Children and Youth Services Review, 20(1-2), 1-12. Berry, M., Barth, R. P, & Needell, B. (1996). Preparation, support, and satisfaction of adoptive families in agency and independent adoptions. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 13(2), 157-183. Bevc, V. (1997). Preparations of spouses for adoptive parenthood in the program for preventive aid to children. Socialno Delo, 36(3), 229-237. Blome, W.W. (1996). Reasonable efforts, unreasonable effects: A retrospective analysis of the ‘reasonable efforts’ clause in the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 23(3), 133-150.

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Brodzinksy, D.M. (2011). Children’s understanding of adoption: Developmental and clinical implications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(2), 200-207. Brodzinsky, D.M. (1993). Long-term outcomes in adoption. The Future of Children, 3(1), 153-166. Carnochan, S., Moore, M., & Austin, M.J. (2013). Achieving timely adoption. Journal of Evidence Based Social Work, 10(3), 210-219. Chambers, D.E. (1975). The adoption of strangers. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 16, 118-125. Chandra, A., Abma, J., Maza, P., & Bachrach, C. (1999). Adoption, adoption seeking, and relinquishment for adoption in the United States. Advance Data, 306, 1-16. Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2011). How many children were adopted in 2007 and 2008? Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2013a). Preparing and supporting foster parents who adopt. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2013b). Regulation of private domestic adoption expenses. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2013c). Impact of adoption on adopted persons. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. Christoffersen, M. N. (2012). A study of adopted children, their environment, and development: A systematic review. Adoption Quarterly, 15(3), 220-237. Crea, T. M., Guo, S., Barth, R. P., & Brooks, D. (2008). Behavioral outcomes for substance-exposed adopted children: Fourteen years postadoption. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(1), 11-19.

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Cuddihy, C., Dorris, L., Minnis, H., & Kocovska, E. (2013). Sleep disturbance in adopted children with a history of maltreatment. Adoption & Fostering, 37(4), 404-411. Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption (2013). National foster care adoption attitudes survey: 2013 executive summary & detailed findings. Retrieved from https://dciw4f53l7k9i.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/DTFA-HarrisPoll-REPORT-USA-FINALl.pdf. DeCataldo, K.R., & Carroll, K. (2007). Adoption Now: A joint initiative of New York’s courts and child welfare system. Child Welfare, 86(2), 31-48. DellaCava, Phillips, N.K., & Engel, M.H. (2004). Adoption in the U.S.: The emergence of a social movement. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 31(4), 141-160. Denby, R. W., Alford, K. A., & Ayala, J. (2011). The journey to adopt a child who has special needs: Parents' perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(9), 1543-1554. Department for Education (2011). An action plan for adoption: Tackling delay. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/180250/action_plan_for_adoption.pdf. DeVooght, K., Malm, K., Vandivere, S., & McCoy-Roth, M. (2011). Trends in adoptions from foster care in the wake of child welfare reforms. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.fosteringconnections.org/ContentPages/2466875399.pdf. Else, A. (1987). The perfect solution: Adoption in New Zealand. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 15, 237-257. Farber, M. L.Z., Timberlake, E., Mudd, H. P., & Cullen, L. (2003). Preparing parents for adoption: An agency experience. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20(3), 175-196. Farmer, E., Dance, C., Beecham, J., Bonin, E., & Ouwejan, D. (2010). An investigation of family finding and matching in adoption-- briefing paper. Retrieved from http://www.adoptionresearchinitiative.org.uk/briefs/DFE-RBX-10-05.pdf.

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Fisher, A.P. (2003). Still ‘not quite as good as having your own’? Toward a sociology of adoption. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 335-361. Foli, K. J., & Gibson, G. C. (2011). Training ‘adoption smart’ professionals. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 18(5), 463-467. (R) Forbes, H., & Dziegielewski, S. F. (2003). Issues facing adoptive mothers of children with special needs. Journal of Social Work, 3(3), 301-320. Freundlich, M. (1997). The future of adoption for children in foster care: Demographics in a changing socio-political environment. Journal of Children and Poverty, 3(2), 33-61. Gagnon Oosterwaal, N., Cossette, L., Smolla, N., Pomerleau, A., Malcuit, G., Chicoine, J.F... Berthiaume, C. (2012). Pre-adoption adversity and self-reported behavior problems in 7 year-old adoptees. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(4), 648-660. Glidden, L.M., Valliere, V.N., & Herbert, S.L. (1988). Adopted children with mental retardation: Positive family impact. Mental Retardation, 26(3), 119-125. Gerstenzang, S., & Freundlich, M. (2006). Finding a fit that will last a lifetime: A guide to connecting adoptive families with waiting children. Retrieved from https://www.adoptuskids.org/_assets/files/NRCRRFAP/resources/finding-a-fit-that-will-last-a-lifetime.pdf. Glidden, L.M. (2000). Adopting children with developmental disabilities: A long-term perspective. Family Relations, 49(4), 397-405. Grand, M.P. (2006). Adoption through a retrospective lens. Washington, D.C: CWLA Press. Grant, G. (2002). The cultural script of special needs adoption. Retrieved from Western Michigan University Dissertations (1228). Groze, V. (1992). Adoption, attachment and self-concept. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 9(2), 169–191. doi:10.1007/BF00755231

Groze, V. (1991). Adoption and single parents: A review. Child Welfare, 70(3), 321-332.

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Groze, V. (1986). Special needs adoption. Children and Youth Services Review, 8, 363-373. Hanna, M.D., & McRoy, R.G. (2011). Innovative practice approaches to matching in adoption. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 5(1), 45-66. Hanna, M., Tokarski, K., Matera, D., & Fong, R. (2011). Happily ever after? The journey from foster care to adoption. Adoption Quarterly, 14, 107–131, doi:10.1080/10926755.2011.560789

Hansen, M. E. (2008). The structure of families who adopt children from foster care. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 2(4), 427-449. Hansen, M.E. (2007a). Using subsidies to promote the adoption of children from foster care. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(3), 377-393. Hansen, M.E. (2007b). The value of adoption. Adoption Quarterly, 10(2), 65-87. Hansen, M.E. (2009). State-designated special needs, post-adoption support, and fiscal stress. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(11), 1411-1425. Hansen, M.E., & Hansen, B.A. (2006). The economics of adoption of children from foster care. Child Welfare, 85(3), 559-583. Hatton, H., & Brooks, S. (2009). Achieving permanency for children: Timely adoption practices in child welfare. Davis, CA: UC Davis Human Services Northern California Training Academy. Haugaard, J. J., & Hazan, C. (2003). Adoption as a natural experiment. Development and Psychopathology, 15(4), 909–926. doi:10.1017/S0954579403000427

Herman, E. (2002). The paradoxical rationalization of modern adoption. Journal of Social History, 36(2), 339-386. Houston, D. M., & Kramer, L. (2008). Meeting the long-term needs of families who adopt children out of foster care: A three-year follow-up study. Child Welfare, 87(4), 145–170.

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Howard, J. A., Smith, S. L., & Ryan, S. D. (2004). A comparative study of child welfare adoptions with other types of adopted children and birth children. Adoption Quarterly, 7(3), 1-30. Hussey, D. L. (2011). An in-depth analysis of domestically adopted children with special needs and their biological mothers. Journal of Social Work, 12(5), 528-544. Jones, M.L. (1979). Preparing the school-age child for adoption. Child Welfare, 58(1), 27-34. Kamarck, E.C., Hansen, M.E., Wilson, J.B., & Katz, J. (2012). Eliminating barriers to the adoption of children from foster care. HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP12-040, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Klahr, A. M., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., & Burt, S. A. (2011). The association between parent-child conflict and adolescent conduct problems over time: Results from a longitudinal adoption study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(1), 46-56. Knapp, C. A., Woodworth, L., & Ranka, M. (2013). Parental perceptions of adopted children's educational outcomes. Adoption Quarterly, 16(2), 85-96. Kramer, L., & Houston, D. (1998). Supporting families as they adopt children with special needs. Family Relations, 47(4) 423-432. Leathers, S. J., Falconnier, L., & Spielfogel, J. E. (2010). Predicting family reunification, adoption, and subsidized guardianship among adolescents in foster care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(3), 422-431. Leung, P., & Erich, S. (2002). Family functioning of adoptive children with special needs: Implications of familial supports and children characteristics. Children and Youth Services Review, 24(11), 799-816. Lightburn, A., & Pine, B. A. (1996). Supporting and enhancing the adoption of children with developmental disabilities. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 139-162. Lloyd, E. C., & Barth, R. P. (2011). Developmental outcomes after five years for foster children returned home, remaining in care, or adopted. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(8), 1383-1391.

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Rosenthal, J. A., & Groze, V. (1990). Special-needs adoption: A study of intact families. Social Service Review, 64(3), 475-505. Rosenthal, J. A., & Groze,V. K. (1994). A longitudinal study of special-needs adoptive families. Child Welfare, 73(6), 689-706. Rosenthal, J.A., Groze, V., & Curiel, H. (1990). Race, social class, and special needs adoption. Social Work, 35(6), 532-539. Ryan, S. D., Nelson, N., & Siebert, C. F. (2009). Examining the facilitators and barriers faced by adoptive professionals delivering post-placement services. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(5), 584-593. Sagar, T., & Hitchings, E. (2008). ‘More adoptions, more quickly’: A study of social workers’ responses to the Adoption and Children Act 2002. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 29(3-4), 199-215. Sánchez-Sandoval, Y., & Palacios, J. (2012). Stress in adoptive parents of adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(7), 1283-1289.

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Sargent, S. (2003). Adoption and looked after children: A comparison of legal initiatives in the UK and the USA. Adoption and Fostering, 27(2), 44-52. Schoenberg, C. (1964). Adoption: The created family. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 355, 69-74. Schwartz, L.L. (1984). Adoption custody and family therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 12(4), 51-58. Schwartz, S.L., & Austin, M.J. (2011). Black adoption placement and research center at 25: placing African-American children in permanent homes (1983-2008). Journal of Evidence Based Social Work, 8(1-2), 160-178. Schweiger, W.K., & O’Brien, M. (2005). Special needs adoption: An ecological systems approach. Family Relations, 54(4), 512-522. Scott, D. L., Lee, C.B., Harrell, S. W., & Smith-West, M. B. (2013). Permanency for children in foster care: Issues and barriers for adoption. Child and Youth Services, 34(3), 290-307. Selwyn, J.T, & Quinton, D.L. (2004). Stability, permanence, outcomes and support: Foster care and adoption compared. Adoption & Fostering, 28(4), 6-15. Selwyn, J., & Sturgess, W. (2002). Achieving permanency through adoption: Following in US footsteps? Adoption & Fostering, 26(3), 40-49. Senecky, Y., Agassi, H., Inbar, D., Horesh, N., Diamond, G., Bergman, Y.S., & Apter, A. (2009). Post-adoption depression among adoptive mothers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115, 62-68. Simmel, C., Barth, R. P., & Brooks, D. (2007). Adopted foster youths’ psychosocial functioning: A longitudinal perspective. Child & Family Social Work, 12(4), 336-348. Simmel, C., Brooks, D., Barth, R. P., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2001). Externalizing symptomatology among adoptive youth: Prevalence and preadoption risk factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(1), 57-69.

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Smit, E. M., Delpier, T., Tarantino, S. L., & Anderson, M. L. (2006). Caring for adoptive families: Lessons in communication. Pediatric Nursing, 32(2), 136-143. Smith, E.P. (1994). The relationship of services to success in older child adoption. Retrieved from Libraries Australia (10909193). Smith, S. (2010). Keeping the promise: The critical need for post-adoption services to enable children and families to succeed. Retrieved from http://www.adoptioninstitute.org/publications/keeping-the-promise-the-critical-need-for-post-adoption-services-to-enable-children-and-families-to-succeed/. Smith, S. L., Howard, J. A., & Monroe, A. D. (2000). Issues underlying behavior problems in at-risk adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 22(7), 539-562. Smith-McKeever, C. (2006). Adoption satisfaction among African-American families adopting African-American children. Children and Youth Services Review, 28(7), 825-840. Smith-McKeever, T. C., & McRoy, R. (2005). The role of private adoption agencies in facilitating African American adoptions. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 86(4), 533-540. Snowden, J., Leon, S., & Sieracki, J. (2008). Predictors of children in foster care being adopted: A classification tree analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(11), 1318-1327. Speirs, C.C., Duder, S., Sullivan, R., Kirstein, S., Propst, M., & Meade, D. (2005). Mediated reunions in adoption: Findings from an evaluation study. Child Welfare, 84(6), 843-866. Steele, M., Hodges, J., Kaniuk, J., Hillman, S., & Henderson, K. (2003). Attachment representations and adoption: Associations between maternal states of mind and emotion narratives in previously maltreated children. Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 29(2), 187–205.

Stolley, K.S. (1993). Statistics on adoption in the United States. The Future of Children, 3(1), 26-42. Testa, M. F. (2004a). When children cannot return home: Adoption and guardianship. The Future of Children, 14(1), 115-129.

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Triseliotis, J. (2002). Long-term foster care or adoption? The evidence examined. Child & Family Social Work, 7(1), 23-33. Triseliotis, J. (1991). Maintaining the links in adoption. British Journal of Social Work, 21, 401-414. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2009b). A report to congress on barriers and success factors in adoptions from foster care: Perspectives of families and staff supported by the Adoption Opportunities program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children’s Bureau. Vandivere, S., Malm, K., & McKlindon, A. (2010). Adoption USA: Summary and highlights of a chartbook on the National Survey of Adoptive Parents. Retrieved from https://cbexpress.acf.hhs.gov/index.cfm?event=website.viewArticles&issueid=117&articleid=2911. Ward, B. W. (2012). Adoptive parents' suspicion of preadoption abuse of their adopted children and the use of support services. Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(2), 175-185. Waterman, J. M., Nadeem, E., Paczkowski, E., Foster, J. C., Lavner, J. A., Belin, T., & Miranda, J. (2013). Pre-placement risk and longitudinal cognitive development for children adopted from foster care. Child Welfare, 92(4), 9-30. Wells, K., & Reshotko, P. (1986). Cooperative adoption: An alternative to independent adoption. Child Welfare, 65(2), 177-188. Williams, S.J., Dubovsky, D., & Merritt, J. (2011). Legal and psychological implications of nondisclosure in the adoption of a child with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 39(1), 193-214. Wind, L. H., Brooks, D., & Barth, R. P. (2007). Influences of risk history and adoption preparation on post-adoption services use in US adoptions. Family Relations, 56(4), 378-389. Wind, L. H., Brooks, D., & Barth, R. P. (2005). Adoption preparation: Differences between adoptive families of children with and without special needs. Adoption Quarterly, 8(4), 45-74.

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Wright, K. (2009). ‘Adoption success’: The reality of adoptive placements today. Practice Social Work in Action, 21(9), 119-125. Wydra, M., O'Brien, K. M., & Merson, E. S. (2012). In their own words: Adopted persons’ experiences of adoption disclosure and in their families. Journal of Family Social Work, 15(1), 62-77. Zainaldin, J.S. (1979). The emergence of a modern American family law: Child custody, adoption, and the courts, 1796-1851. Northwestern University Law Review, 73(6), 1038-1089. Zinn, A.E. (2006). Race and public child welfare adoption: An empirical examination of the interrelationship between foster parent race, child race, and adoption. Retrieved from the University of Hong Kong Libraries (9780542753695).

Miscellaneous—Other Issues Relevant to Pre and Post-Permanence for Child-Welfare Involved Youth and Families

PTSD Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B.C., Herman, J.H., van der Kolk, B., Pynoos, R., Wang, J., & Petkova, E. (2009). A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 399-408. Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., & Steer, R. A. (2004). A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse–related PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393-402. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., Perel, J. M., & Staron, V. (2007). A pilot randomized controlled trial of combined Trauma-Focused CBT and Sertraline for childhood PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(7), 811-819. Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., & Steer, R. A. (2006). A follow-up study of a multisite, randomized, controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(12), 1474-1484.

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Foa, E.B., Dancu, C.V., Hembree, E.A., Jaycox, L.H., Meadows, E.A., & Street, G.P. (1999). A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(2), 194-200. Foa, E.B., Hembree, E.A., Cahill, S.P., Rauch, S.A., Riggs, D.S., Feeny, N.C., & Yadin, E. (2005). Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: Outcome at academic and community clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 953-964. Foa, E.B., McLean, C.P., Capaldi, S., & Rosenfield, D. (2013). Prolonged exposure vs supportive counseling for sexual abuse-related PTSD in adolescent girls: A randomized trial. JAMA, 310(24), 2650-2657. Ford, J.D., Chang, R., Levine, J., & Zhang, W. (2013). Randomized clinical trial comparing affect regulation and supportive group therapies for victimization-related PTSD with incarcerated women. Behavior Therapy, 44(2), 262-276. Ford, J.D., & Russo, E. (2006). Trauma-focused, present-centered, emotional self-regulation approach to integrated treatment for posttraumatic stress and addiction: Trauma adaptive recovery group education and therapy (TARGET). American Journal of Psychotherapy, 60(4), 335-355. Ford, J.D., Steinberg, K.L., Hawke, J., Levine, J., & Zhang, W. (2012). Randomized trial comparison of emotional regulation and relational psychotherapies for PTSD with girls involved in delinquency. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41(1), 27-3. Ford, J.D., Steinberg, K.L., & Zhang, W. (2011). A randomized clinical trial comparing affect regulation and social problem-solving psychotherapies for mothers with victimization-related PTSD. Behavioral Therapy, 42(4), 560-578. Fortney, J.C., Pyne, J.M., Kimbrell, T.A., Hudson, T.J., Robinson, D.E., Schneider, R., Moore, W.M., Custer, P.J., Grubbs, K.M., & Schnurr, P.P. (2015). Telemedicine-based collaborative care for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(1), 58-67.

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Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Foa, E., Shafran, N., Aderka, I.M., Powers, M.B., Rachamim, L., Rosenbach, L., Yadin, E., & Apter, A. (2010). Prolonged exposure vs dynamic therapy for adolescent PTSD: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 1034-1042. Resick, P.A., Nishith, P., Weaver, T.L., Astin, .C., & Feuer, C.A. (2002). A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 867-879. Scheeringa, M. S., Weems, C. F., Cohen, J. A., Amaya-Jackson, L., & Guthrie, D. (2011). Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in three-through six year-old children: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(8), 853-860. Other Mental Health Issues Garland, A. F., Landsverk, J. L., Hough, R. L., & Ellis-MacLeod, E. (1996). Type of maltreatment as a predictor of mental health service use for children in foster care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(8), 675-688. Harold, G.T., Leve, L.D., Barrett, D., Elam, K., Neiderhiser, J.M., Natsuaki, M.N….Thapar, A. (2013). Biological and rearing mother influences on child ADHD symptoms: Revisiting the developmental interface between nature and nurture. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(10), 1038-1046. Henry, D.L., & Manning, G. (2011). Integrating child welfare and mental health practices: Actualizing youth permanency using the 3-5-7 model. Protecting Children, 26(1), 30-48. Keyes, M. A., Malone, S. M., Sharma, A., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2013). Risk of suicide attempt in adopted and nonadopted offspring. Pediatrics, 132(4), 639-646. McGarvey, T.P, & Haen, C. (2005). Intervention strategies for treating traumatized siblings on a pediatric inpatient unit. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(3), 395-408.

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McIntyre, A., & Keesler, T.Y. (1986). Psychological disorders among foster children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15(4), 297-303. Ornelas, L.A., Silverstein, D.N., & Tan, S. (2007). Effectively addressing mental health issues in permanency-focused child welfare practice. Child Welfare, 86(5), 93-112. Pecora, P.J. (2010). Why current and former recipients of foster care need high quality mental health services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 37(1-2), 185-190. Pecora, P.J., Jensen, P.S., Romanelli, L.H., Jackson, L.J., & Oritz, A. (2009). Mental health services for children placed in foster care: An overview of current challenges. Child Welfare, 88(1), 5-26. Richards, L., Wood, N., & Ruiz-Calzada, L. (2006). The mental health needs of looked after children in a local authority permanent placement team and the value of the Goodman SDQ. Adoption & Fostering, 30(2), 43-52. Soderlund, J., Epstein, M.H., Quinn, K.P., Cumblad, C., & Petersen, S. (1995). Parental perspectives on comprehensive services for children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 20(3), 157-170. Taussig, H. N., & Culhane, S. E. (2010). Impact of a mentoring and skills group program on mental health outcomes for maltreated children in foster care. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(8), 739-746. Substance Use Berger, L.M., Slack, K.S., Waldfogel, J., & Bruch, S.K. (2010). Caseworker-perceived caregiver substance abuse and child protective service outcomes. Child Maltreatment, 15(3), 199-210. Donohue, B., & Azrin, N.H. (2002). Family behavior therapy in conduct-disordered and substance-abusing adolescent: A case example. Clinical Case Studies, 1(4), 299-323. Donohue, B., DeCato, L.A., Azrin, N.H., & Teichner, G.A. (2001). Satisfaction of parents with their conduct-disordered and substance-abusing youth. Behavior Modification, 25(1), 21-43.

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Flicker, S.M., Turner, C.W., Waldron, H.B., Brody, J.L., & Ozechowski, T.J. (2008). Ethnic background, therapeutic alliance, and treatment retention in functional family therapy with adolescents who abuse substances. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(1), 167-170. Green, B.L., Rockhill, A., & Furrer, C. (2006). Understanding patterns of substance abuse treatment for women involved with child welfare: The influence of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 32(2), 149-176. Liddle, H.A., Rowe, C.L., Dakof, G.A., Ungaro, R.A., & Henderson, C.E. (2004). Early intervention for adolescent substance abuse: Pretreatment to posttreatment outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing multidimensional family therapy and peer group treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 36(1), 49-63. McAlpine, C., Marshall, C.C., & Doran, N.H. (2001). Combining child welfare and substance abuse services: A blended model of intervention. Child Welfare, 80(2), 129-149. McCarty, C., Waterman, J., Burge, D., & Edelstein, S.B. (1999). Experiences, concerns, and service needs of families adopting children with prenatal substance exposure: Summary and recommendations. Child Welfare, 78(5), 561-577. Rockhill, A., Green, B.L., & Furrer, C. (2007). Is the adoption and safe families act influencing child welfare outcomes for families with substance abuse issues? Child Maltreatment, 12(1), 7-19. Rockhill, A., Green, B.L., & Newton-Curtis, L. (2008). Accessing substance abuse treatment: Issues for parents involved with child welfare services. Child Welfare, 87(3), 63-93. Schroeder, J., Lemieux, C., & Pogue, R. (2008). The collision of the Adoption and Safe Families Act and substance abuse: Research-based education and training priorities for child welfare professionals. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 28(1-2), 227-246. LGBTQ Adoption Averett, P., Nalavany, B., & Ryan, S. (2009). An evaluation of gay/ lesbian and heterosexual adoption. Adoption Quarterly, 12(3-4), 129-151.

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Averett, P., Strong-Blakeney, A., Nalavany, B., & Ryan, S. (2011). Adoptive parents' attitudes towards gay and lesbian adoption. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 7(1-2), 30-48. Goldberg, A. E., Moyer, A. M., Kinkler, L. A., & Richardson, H. B. (2012). “When you’re sitting on the fence, hope's the hardest part”: Challenges and experiences of heterosexual and same-sex couples adopting through the child welfare system. Adoption Quarterly, 15(4), 288-315. Hicks, S. (1996). The ‘last resort’?: Lesbian and gay experiences of the social work assessment process in fostering and adoption. Practice Social Work in Action, 8(2), 15-24. Leung, P., Erich, S., & Kanenberg, H. (2005). A comparison of family functioning in gay/lesbian, heterosexual and special needs adoptions. Children and Youth Services Review, 27(9), 1031-1044. Mallon, G.P. (2007). Assessing Lesbian and Gay prospective foster and adoptive families: A focus on the homestudy process. Child Welfare, 86(2), 67-86. Matthews, J.D., & Cramer, E.P. (2006). Envisaging the adoption process to strengthen gay- and lesbian-headed families: Recommendations for adoption professionals. Child Welfare, 85(2), 317-340. Ryan, S.D., Bedard, L.E., & Gertz, M.G. (2007). The influence of gender on the placement of children with Gay or Lesbian adoptive parents. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(1), 15-34. Ryan, S.D., & Madsen, M.D. (2007). Becoming parents: Lesbian mothers’ adoption experience. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 19(2), 1-23. Child Welfare Policy and Law Alexander, R., & Alexander, C.L. (1995). The impact of Suter v. Artist M. on foster care policy. Social Work, 40(4), 543-548. Allen, M., & Bissell, M. (2004). Safety and stability for foster children: The policy context. The Future of Children, 14(1), 48-73.

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Anyon, Y. (2011). Reducing racial disparities and disproportionalities in the child welfare system: Policy perspectives about how to serve the best interests of African American youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(2), 242-253. Breckinridge, S., & Stanton, M. (1943). The law of guardian and ward with special reference to the children of veterans. Social Service Review, 17, 265-302. Connelly, D.D. (2014). State child welfare policy: Causes and consequences. Retrieved from Theses and Dissertations-- Public Policy and Administration, http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=msppa_etds. D’Andrade, W., & Berrick, J.D. (2006). When policy meets practice: The untested effects of permanency reforms in child welfare. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 33(1), 31-52. Jimenez, J. (1999). Permanency planning and the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: The paradox of child welfare policy. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 17(3), 55-72. Mason, M.A., Carnochan, S., & Fine, M.A. (2004). Family law for changing families in the new millennium. In M. Coleman & L.H. Ganong (Eds.), Handbook of contemporary families: Considering the past, contemplating the future (pp. 432-450). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. McMurty, S.L. (1986). Substitute-care information systems under public law 96-272. Children and Youth Services Review, 8(4), 349-361. Rowe, J. (2013). 2013 policy priorities and adoption-related legislation. Adoption Advocate, 55, 1-11. Simmel, C. (2012). Highlighting adolescents’ involvement with the child welfare system: A review of recent trends, policy developments, and related research. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(7), 1197-1207. Guardianship Hall, A. (2008). Special guardianship & permanency planning: Unforeseen consequences and missed opportunities. Child and Family Quarterly, 20(3), 359-377.

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Taylor, H.B. (1966). Guardianship or permanent placement of children. California Law Review, 54(2), 741-747. Testa, M.F., & Miller, J. (2014). Evolution of private guardianship as a child welfare resource. In G. Mallon & Hess, P.M. (Eds.), Child welfare for the 21st century: A handbook of practices, policies & programs, 2nd edition (pp. 335-372). Columbia, NY: Columbia University Press. Weissman, I. (1964). Guardianship: Every child’s right. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 355, 134-139. Permanence Planning Ahearn, K.K. (1999). The impact of supervisory behavior on permanency rates for foster children in a child welfare context. Retrieved from Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (9952947). Barth, R.P. (1988). Comments on ‘delivering services under permanency planning.’ Social Service Review, 62(4), 705-706. Barth, R.P., & Berry, M. (1987). Outcomes of child welfare services under permanency planning. Social Service Review, 61(1), 71-90. Becker, M. A., Jordan, N., & Larsen, R. (2007). Predictors of successful permanency planning and length of stay in foster care: The role of race, diagnosis and place of residence. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(8), 1102-1113. Beckerman, A. (1998). Charting a course: Meeting the challenge of permanency planning for children with incarcerated mothers. Child Welfare, 77(5), 513-529. Beek, M., & Schofield, G. (2002). Foster carers' perspectives on permanence: A focus group study. Adoption & Fostering, 26(2), 14-27. Cashmore, J. (2001). What can we learn from the US experience on permanency planning? Australian Journal of Family Law, 15(3), 215-229. Chernack, K.B. (2006). The lived experience of ethical decision making of child welfare caseworkers engaged in permanency planning. Garden City, NY: Adelphi University School of Social Work.

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Freundlich, M., & Avery, R. J. (2005). Planning for permanency for youth in congregate care. Children and Youth Services Review, 27(2), 115-134. Gill, H., Higginson, L., & Napier, H. (2003). Family group conferences in permanency planning. Adoption & Fostering, 27(2), 53-63. Groze, V., Haines-Simeon, M., & Barth, R.P. (1994). Barriers in permanency planning for medically fragile children: Drug affected children and HIV infected children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 11(1), 63-85. Hanson, S. & Greenblatt, S. (2011). Love and belonging for a lifetime: Youth permanency in child welfare. Protecting Children, 26(1), 4-7. Henry, J. (1999). Permanency outcomes in legal guardianships of abused/neglected children. Families in Society, 80(6), 561–568. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.1786 Jacobs, J., & Freundlich, M. (2006). Achieving permanency for LGBTQ youth. Child Welfare, 85(2), 299-316. Jones, A. S., & LaLiberte, T. (2013). Measuring youth connections: A component of relational permanence for foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(3), 509-517. Jones, M.L., & Biesecker, J.L. (1980). Training in permanency: Using what is known. Child Welfare, 59(8), 481-490. Landsman, M., Thompson, K., & Barber, G. (2003). Using mediation to achieve permanency for children and families. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 84(2), 229-239. Lodermeier, J.A., Hammond, D., Henderson, H., & Carvalho, N. (2002). Factors affecting timely permanency planning for children in care. Canadian Social Work, 4, 136-153. McDonald, T. P., Poertner, J., & Jennings, M. A. (2007). Permanency for children in foster care: A competing risks analysis. Journal of Social Service Research, 33(4), 45-56. McRoy, R. (2005). Expedited permanency: Implications for African-American children and families. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & The Law, 12, 475-489.

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Merritt, D. H. (2008). Placement preferences among children living in foster or kinship care: A cluster analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(11), 1336-1344. Miller, K., Fein, E., Bishop, G., & Murray, C. (1985). Public-private collaboration and permanency planning. Social Casework The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 85, 237-241. Moffatt, P. G., & Thoburn, J. (2001). Outcomes of permanent family placement for children of minority ethnic origin. Child & Family Social Work, 6(1), 13-21. Monck, E., Reynolds, J., & Wigfall, V. (2004). Using concurrent planning to establish permanency for looked after young children. Child & Family Social Work, 9(4), 321-331. Murphy, A.L., Van Zyl, R., Collins-Camargo, C., & Sullivan, D. (2012). Assessing systemic barriers to permanency achievement for children in out-of-home care: Development of the child permanency barriers scale. Child Welfare, 91(5), 37-71. O’Brien, K., & Wrighton, P. (2001). What social workers want from research when planning for children’s permanent care. Adoption and Fostering, 25(4), 68-70. Pabustan-Claar, J. (2007). Achieving permanence in foster care for young children: A comparison of kinship and non-kinship placements. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 16(1-2), 61-94. Parkinson, P. (2003). Child protection, permanency planning, and children’s right to family life. International Journal of Law, Policy, and the Family, 17(2), 147-172. Potter, C.C., & Klein-Rothschild, S. (2002). Getting home on time: Predicting timely permanence for young children. Child Welfare, 81(2), 123-150. Schofield, G., Thoburn, J., Howell, D., & Dickens, J. (2007). The search for stability and permanence: Modelling the pathways of long-stay looked after children. British Journal of Social Work, 37(4), 619-642.

Seaberg, J.R. (1986). ‘Reasonable efforts’: Toward implementation in permanency planning. Child Welfare, 65(5), 469-479.

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