literary terms project
DESCRIPTION
Literary Terms Project. By Eric Getz. Figurative Language. Imagery. Vivid and descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste). In Hamlet. Ophelia’s description of Hamlet in Act II, Scene 1, lines 87- 94 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LITERARY TERMS PROJECT
By Eric Getz
![Page 2: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
![Page 3: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IMAGERYVivid and descriptive language that
appeals to one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch,
smell, and taste)
![Page 4: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In Hamlet
Ophelia’s description of Hamlet in Act II, Scene 1, lines 87-94
“My lord, as I was sewing in my closet, Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced; No hat upon his head; his stockings foul'd, Ungarter'd, and down-gyved to his ancle; Pale as his shirt; his knees knocking each other; And with a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell To speak of horrors,--he comes before me.”
![Page 5: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
In George Orwell’s 1984 “The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage and
old rag mats. At one end of it a coloured poster, too large for indoor display, had been tacked to the wall. It depicted simply an enormous face, more than a metre wide: the face of a man of about forty-five, with a heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features.”
![Page 6: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SIMILE A figure of thought involving the
comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, explicitly
using the word “like” or “as”
![Page 7: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In Hamlet “The knotted and combined locks to
part, And each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the fearful porpentine.” (Act 1. sc. 5. ll 24-26)
![Page 8: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
In Forrest Gump In the movie Forrest Gump, Forrest uses a
simile when he says," Life is a like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re going to get.”
![Page 9: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
METAPHOR A figure of thought in which a word or phrase is applied to another object or
action to which it is not literally applicable, without asserting an explicit comparison
![Page 10: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act I, Scene 2, Line 146, Hamlet says,
“Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature”
Hamlet compares the world to an unweeded garden that produces things "rank and gross in nature.”
![Page 11: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
In The Kite Runner The line “eyes are windows to the soul”
from Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner is clearly a metaphor.
![Page 12: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PERSONIFICATION A figure of thought in which a personal
nature or human characteristics are attributed to something nonhuman, or the
representation of an abstract quality in human form
![Page 13: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 1, Scene 1, Line 166, Horatio says,
"But look the morn in russet mantle clad / Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastward hill."
![Page 14: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
In Ender’s Game "He imagined the ship dangling upside
down on the undersurface of the Earth, the giant fingers of gravity holding them firmly in place."
![Page 15: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
APOSTROPHE An address to a dead or absent
person or to an inanimate object or abstract concept.
![Page 16: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 135-136, Hamlet
uses an apostrophe, speaking directly to "frailty.”
“ Let me not think on't—Frailty, thy name is woman!”
![Page 17: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
In Star Trek In Star Trek, Captain Kirk uses an
apostrophe when he, frustrated because of the work of his arch nemesis Khan, shakes his fist at the air and screams, "KHAAAAAN!"
![Page 18: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SYMBOL An object, action, or event that
represents something, or creates a range of associations beyond itself
![Page 19: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In Hamlet When Ophelia loses her mind in Act IV, Scene V
, she directly discusses the symbolic meaning of many of the flowers she hands out
“There's rosemary, that's for remembrance; pray,love, remember, and there is pansies. That's for thoughts […]. There's fennel for you, and columbines: there's rue for you; and here's some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference. There's a daisy: I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died.”
![Page 20: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
In The Kite Runner In The Kite Runner, a kite symbolizes
Amir’s happiness as well as his guilt over what happened to Hassan.
![Page 21: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ALLEGORY A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary
meaning
![Page 22: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
In Hamlet A cosmic allegory? Some scholars speculate that Hamlet can
be viewed as cosmic allegory with different characters representing different views of the solar system with Copernicus’ Heliocentric theory eventually triumphing over the competing geocentric models
This allegory is reinforced by the theme of the way things seem versus the way they really are
![Page 23: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
In Animal Farm George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a
powerful allegory of the Russian Revolution and the subsequent Stalinist totalitarian regime.
![Page 24: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PARADOXA trope in which a statement that
appears on the surface to be contradictory or impossible turns
out to express an often striking truth
![Page 25: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
In Hamlet Hamlet, in Act 3, Scene 4, Line 181, says
“I must be cruel only to be kind.”
![Page 26: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
George Orwell’s Animal Farm
A common paradoxical phrase used in the novella is “All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.”
![Page 27: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HYPERBOLE A trope in which a point is stated
in a way that is greatly exaggerated
![Page 28: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 2 Scene 2 Lines 589-590, Hamlet
uses hyperbole in his second soliloquy “He would drown the stage with tearsAnd
cleave the general ear with horrid speech….”
![Page 29: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In The Sandlot In the movie The Sandlot Ham Porter
clearly uses hyperbole when he says," You're killing me smalls!”
![Page 30: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
UNDERSTATEMENT A form of irony in which a point is deliberately expressed as less, in magnitude value or importance,
than it actually is.
![Page 31: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act I, Scene 2, Line 158, Hamlet uses
understatement, to end his soliloquy, stating that “It is not nor it cannot come to good”
This is quite mild compared with the rest of his speech.
![Page 32: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
In Romeo and Juliet, Mercutio refers to his fatal wound as “a scratch.”
![Page 33: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
IRONY A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to
happen in life and in literature. In verbal irony, characters say the opposite of what they mean. In irony of circumstance or situation, the opposite of what is expected occurs. In dramatic irony, a character speaks in ignorance of a situation or event
known to the audience or to the other characters.
![Page 34: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
In Hamlet A great example of dramatic irony in
Hamlet is when Hamlet is right behind Claudius as Claudius, thinking he is alone, confesses his crimes in Act 3 Scene 3.
Indeed, at the end of the scene Claudius admits that he, despite what Hamlet thought (Hamlet did not kill him because he wanted him to die unholy), never actually prayed, which is another example of dramatic irony as Hamlet was wrong and only the audience knew.
![Page 35: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
In Final Destination The plot of the movie series Final
Destination revolves around irony because the characters in trying to avoid death end up dying an even worse death they had originally imagined.
![Page 36: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CHIASMUS A rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other
by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect
![Page 37: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
In Hamlet Polonius uses chiasmus with the line “'tis
true 'tis pity, And pity 'tis, 'tis true-a foolish figure.” (Hamlet 2.2.98-99)
![Page 38: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
In Voltaire’s Writings “The instinct of a man is
to pursue everything that flies from him, and to fly from all that pursues him.” (Voltaire)
![Page 39: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
METONYMY A trope which substitutes the
name of an entity with something else closely associated with it.
![Page 40: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
In Hamlet In Hamlet, Old Fortinbras, the King of
Norway, is often referred to as just Norway such as in Act 1 Scene 1 Line 61, “When he the ambitious Norway combated.” (Below is Young Fortinbras)
![Page 41: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
In White Collar In the television show White Collar, Mozzi
often refers to Peter, an FBI agent, simply as “suit”.
![Page 42: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SYNECDOCHE A figure of speech in which the
term for part of something is used to represent the whole, or vice
versa
![Page 43: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
In Hamlet Hamlet says in Act 1, Scene 2, Line
129 ,“O, that this too too solid flesh would melt”
In this synecdoche flesh represents Hamlet’s physical life.
![Page 44: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
In Percy Shelley’s poem Ozymandias
“Tell that its sculptor well those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them.”
The “hand” refers to the sculptor
![Page 45: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
REPARTEE A conversation or speech characterized
by quick, witty comments or replies. A repartee is like a verbal fencing
match.
![Page 46: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 5, Scene 1, Hamlet engages in repartee with the grave diggerHAMLET I think it be thine, indeed, for thou liest in ’t.GRAVEDIGGER You lie out on ’t, sir, and therefore it is not
yours. For my part, I do not lie in ’t, and yet it is minHAMLET Thou dost lie in ’t, to be in ’t and say it is thine. 'Tis
for the dead, not for the quick. Therefore thou liest.GRAVEDIGGER ’Tis a quick lie, sir. 'Twill away gain from me to
you.HAMLET What man dost thou dig it for?GRAVEDIGGER For no man, sir.HAMLET What woman, then?GRAVEDIGGER For none, neither.HAMLET Who is to be buried in ’t?GRAVEDIGGER One that was a woman, sir, but, rest her soul, she is
dead.
![Page 47: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
In Good Will Hunting A great example of repartee is in the
movie Good Will Hunting during the scene at the bar across from Harvard where Will engages in a witty argument with a student at the bar.
![Page 48: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
STICHOMYTHIA A technique in drama or poetry, in
which alternating lines, or half-lines, are given to alternating characters, voices, or entities
![Page 49: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 3 Scene 4 the back and forth
dialogue between Hamlet and his mother is an example of stichomythia.QUEEN: Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended.HAMLET: Mother, you have my father much offended.QUEEN: Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue.HAMLET: Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue.QUEEN: Why, how now, Hamlet?HAMLET: What’s the matter now?
![Page 50: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
In Richard III Shakespeare also uses stichomythia in Richard
III LADY ANNE: I would I knew thy heart.
GLOUCESTER: 'Tis figured in my tongue.LADY ANNE: I fear me both are false.GLOUCESTER: Then never man was true.LADY ANNE: Well, well, put up your sword.GLOUCESTER: Say, then, my peace is made.LADY ANNE: That shall you know hereafter.GLOUCESTER: But shall I live in hope?LADY ANNE: All men, I hope, live so.GLOUCESTER: Vouchsafe to wear this ring.LADY ANNE: To take is not to give.
![Page 51: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
STOCK CHARACTERS Someone based on a common literary or social stereotype. Stock characters rely
heavily on cultural types or names for their personality, manner of speech, and other
characteristics
![Page 52: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
In Hamlet Polonius is the stock character in Hamlet
of an irascible old man who provides some comic relief by, as a man of former wisdom, acting as comical meddler who does not recognize his own age.
![Page 53: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
In Star Wars C-3P0 from the Star Wars movie series is
a great example of the stock character of a heroic coward.
![Page 54: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
MUSICAL DEVICES
![Page 55: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ALLITERATION The occurrence of the same letter
or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected
words.
![Page 56: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act I, Scene 5, Line 43 the ghost uses
alliteration with the phrase,” With witchcraft of his wit”
![Page 57: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
In V for Vendetta The movie V for Vendetta contains a
great example of alliteration when V says,’’ Voilà! In view, a humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of Fate….”
![Page 58: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
ASSONANCE The repetition of vowel sounds often to set the mood or add to
the meaning of the word
![Page 59: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
In Hamlet In, Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 50-51 Assonance
is used when the Ghost says to Hamlet, "With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts,-- O wicked wit and gifts,” with the repetition of the short ”i"
![Page 60: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
In Top Gun In the movie Top Gun Tom Cruise uses
assonance when he says, “I feel the need, the need for speed”
![Page 61: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
CONSONANCE The repetition of the final
consonant sounds of words
![Page 62: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
In Hamlet In line 38 of act 3 scene 4, when Hamlet
had just killed Polonius, consonance is used with the repetition of an “r” sound : “Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell”
![Page 63: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
In It Stephen King uses consonance in his
novel It with the sentence, “He thrusts his fists against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts."
![Page 64: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
RHYME The matching of final vowel or
consonant sounds in two or more words
![Page 65: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
In Hamlet Many lines in Hamlet rhyme such as the
following “Till then sit still, my soul: foul deeds will
rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them, to men's eyes.” (Act I.ii.257-258)
![Page 66: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
In The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost’s poem The Road Not Taken is a great example of rhyme
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;
![Page 67: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
RHYTHM The recurrence of accent or stress
in lines of verse
![Page 68: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
In Hamlet Most of Hamlet is in the rhythm of iambic
pentameter like the following line from Act 3 scene 1, “to BE or NOT to BE, that IS the QUEStion”
![Page 69: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
In A Psalm of Life In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem A
Psalm of Life, he uses the rhythm of trochaic tetrameter (4 trochees, 8 syllables) as seen in the line
Tell me | not in | mournful | numbers
![Page 70: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
METER The measured pattern of rhythmic
accents in poems
![Page 71: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
In Hamlet Most of Hamlet is in iambic pentameter
like the following line from Act 3 scene 1, “to BE or NOT to BE, that IS the QUEStion”
![Page 72: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
In A Psalm of Life In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem A
Psalm of Life he uses the meter trochaic tetrameter (4 trochees, 8 syllables) as seen in the line
Tell me | not in | mournful | numbers
![Page 73: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
END-STOPPED LINE An end-stop occurs when a line of poetry ends with a period or definite punctuation mark, such as a colon. When lines are end-stopped, each line is its own phrase or unit
of syntax.
![Page 74: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 3 Scene 2, line 73 is an end
stopped line since it ends with a period “Which I have told thee, of my father’s
death.”
![Page 75: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
In The Raven In Edgar Allen Poe’s poem The Raven,
Poe uses an end stopped line with the line “Swung by Seraphim whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor. “
![Page 76: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
RUN-ON LINE Also known as enjambment, which is
a run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries
over from one line into the next
![Page 77: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 3 Scene 2, line 66 is a run on line
since does not end with any punctuation“They are not a pipe for Fortune’s fingerTo sound what stop she please. Give me
that”
![Page 78: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
In The Raven In Edgar Allen Poe’s poem The Raven,
Poe uses a run-on line with the line “Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking”
![Page 79: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
CAESURA (Latin “cutting off”) is a pause in the midst of a verse line, indicated by a
mark of punctuation, such as a comma, a question mark, a period, or a dash.
![Page 80: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
In Hamlet In Hamlet’s soliloquy in Act 3 scene 1
Shakespeare uses many caesura Devoutly to be wished.// To die to sleep,
![Page 81: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
In An Essay on Criticism In Alexander Pope’s famous poem, An
Essay on Criticism, he makes use of a caesura with the line “To err is human; // to forgive, divine”
![Page 82: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
FREE VERSE Also called open form verse, unlike traditional verses its rhythms are
not organized into the regularity of meter; most free verse lacks rhyme
![Page 83: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
In Hamlet One Hamlet’s speeches from the play is
entirely in free verse ‘’I have of late – but wherefore I know not – lost
all my mirth, forgone all custom of exercise; and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory. This most excellent canopy the air, look you, this brave o’erhanging, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire – why, it appears no other thing to me than a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.’’ (Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 2)
![Page 84: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
IN THE PSALMS Psalm 23 (KJV)The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth
me beside the still waters.3 He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of
righteousness for his name's sake.4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of
death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.
5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.
6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.
![Page 85: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
IAMBIC PENTAMETER The name given to a line of verse
that consists of five iambs (an iamb being one unstressed syllable
followed by one stressed)
![Page 86: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
In Hamlet Many lines in Hamlet are written in
iambic pentameter including the opening line of Hamlet’s monologue in Act 3 Scene 1, “to BE or NOT to BE, that IS the QUEStion”
(the capital letters are the stressed syllables and the lowercase the unstressed)
![Page 87: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
In Sonnet 73 Shakespeare also uses iambic
pentameter in many of his sonnets such as Sonnet 73
“That time of year thou mayst in me behold”
![Page 88: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
GRAMMATICAL PAUSEA pause introduced into the
reading of a line by a mark of punctuation
![Page 89: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
In Hamlet In Hamlet’s soliloquy in Act 3 Scene 1
Shakespeare uses many grammatical pauses
To be,// or not to be, //that is the question
![Page 90: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
In If In Rudyard Kipling’s famous poem If he
uses many grammatical pauses such as in the line “If all men count with you, // but none too much;”
![Page 91: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
RHETORICAL PAUSE A natural pause, unmarked by
punctuation, introduced into the reading of a line by its phrasing or
syntax
![Page 92: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
In Hamlet In Act 3 Scene 1 during Hamlet’s
soliloquoy, Hamlet uses a rhetorical pause between two words between which there is no punctuation
But that the dread / of something after death,
![Page 93: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
In John F. Kennedy’s Speech
At the beginning of many of John F. Kennedy’s speeches after he says ,”Ladies and gentleman” he often uses a rhetorical pause before going into his speech.
![Page 94: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
CONCLUDING COUPLET Two successive lines, usually in a verse of a poem or a song, that are rhymed and have the same
meter
![Page 95: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
In Hamlet “Till then sit still, my soul: foul deeds will
rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them, to men's eyes.” (Act I.ii.257-258)
Hamlet uses this concluding couplet at the end of his dialogue
![Page 96: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
In The Canterbury Tales In Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, he uses
this concluding couplet “Singing he was, or fluting all the day; /He was as fresh as is the month of May”
![Page 97: Literary Terms Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568163f4550346895dd57eed/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
The End!