Literacy in Early Childhood Education By Diana SchalkEnglish 289Research Project

Focus on Literacy: Developing Our Children’s Language

What does the terms Language & Literacy mean?Language:Oral Language -Communicate through speaking and listening.-Symbols that is used to conduct meaning.-Finger movements, print and sounds.

Literacy:Reading and Writing-Communicate through print.- Ability to form meaning through: media, concepts and ideas, and technologies.

Ohio Early Learning Content StandardsEnglish Language Arts °Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition, and

Fluency Standard- Examples include: Matching sounds and recognizing rhymes, talking about words and letters, and read out loud.

Acquisition of Vocabulary Standard: Example includes: Engaging with conversation of children.

Reading Process: Concepts of print, Comprehension Strategies and Self-monitoring Strategies Standard: Examples include: Including print throughout the children’s environment and talking about books.

Reading Applications: Literacy Text Standard: Examples include: Including print though the children’s environment and talking about books.

Communication: Oral and Visual Standard: Example includes: sharing stories and poems.

Developing Early Childhood Education though……

☺Phonological Awareness☺Phonemic Awareness☺Phonics☺Emergent Literacy

Phonological Awareness

What is Phonological awareness?-This when children identify and manipulate larger parts of a spoken language.-Also covers awareness of other aspects of sound.

Phonological Awareness continued…

-Oral Rhymes“Pat the Cat”

-Identifying and working with syllablesClapping parts in a name such as “Ha-liey”

-OnsetsThe first part of cat is c-.

-Rimes“The last part of pig is –ig”

-Identifying and working with individual phonemes in spoken words.“ The first sound in cat is kl.”

Phonemic AwarenessWhat is Phonemic Awareness?-The ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words. -Children should become aware of how the sounds in words work.Also, children must understand that words are made up of speech sounds, or phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness continued….

-Finding out which words in a set begin with the same sound.“Side, sell, and search all have a /s/ at the beginning.”

-Saying the first or last sound in a word“The ending sound of cat is kl.”

-Combining or blending separate sounds in a word to say it.“/p/ /a/ /t/.”

Breaking a word into separated sounds.“to - /t/ /o/.”

Phonemic Awareness continued…..

-Why is it important to know?Improves children's reading and word conception.Helps children learn how to spell.

-Ways to help children develop it:Teach children to manipulate phonemes by using alphabet letters.When teaching only centers around one or two instead of several types of phoneme manipulative.

Phonics:-What is Phonics?Educates children the connection between the letters, which are graphemes, and their individual sounds, or phonemes, of a spoken language.Teaches children to use these relationships with reading and writing words.

Phonics continued….

-Why is phonics important to know?Guides to the comprehension of the alphabetic principle – the organized and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds.

Emergent Literacy:- What is

emergent Literacy?

Children learn about reading and writing at a very young age by watching and interacting with adults and other children as they use literacy in everyday life activites.

-Three strands of research on emergent literacy:Children's concept about print.Early forms of reading and writing.Home literacy experiences.

Emergent Literacy: Children’s concept about print-Children begin to notice:Print has meaning.The difference between print and pictures.Print is practical and can be used to “get things done”Environment print- print in real-life contexts.The letters of the alphabet

Emergent Literacy: Early forms of reading and writing

°Reading: ●Pictures, not forming stories-looks at the pictures and makes comments●Pictures, forming oral stories- looks at the pictures and makes a story●Pictures, forming written stories- looks at the pictures and sounds like they are reading the story●Print- attempts to read instead of looking at the pictures

°Writing:

●Drawing as writing-pictures represent writing●Scribble writing- continuous lines●Letter-like units-marks that look like letters●Nonphonetic letter strings- show no evidence of letter-sound relationship●Copying from environment print-copies print found in the environment●Invented spelling- using own spelling using letter-sound relationships●Conventional- correct spelling most of the time

Emergent Literacy: Home literacy experiences

□Factors to promote literacy at home for children:

■ Opportunities to see lots of print

■ Access to books■ Observe parents, other adults, and older siblings

using it in everyday life■ Supportive adults■Take place in play■ Parent-child storybook reading

To sum up…..

□Phonological Awareness■ Identify and manipulate larger parts of a spoken language

▪Onsets, rimes, oral rhymes

□Phonemic Awareness■ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words

▪Saying sounds, combing or breaking separate sounds

□ Phonics■connection between the letters and their individual sounds of a spoken language

▪Comprehension to the alphabetic principle

□ Emergent Literacy■watching and interacting with adults and other children in everyday activites

▫Concepts about print, early forms of reading and writing, and home literacy experiences.

References:

■ Armbruster, B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2003). Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks of Reading Instruction. Jessup, MD: US Department of Education■Vukelich, C., Christie, J., Enz, B. (2008). Helping Young children Learn Language and Literacy: Birth through Kindergarten. Boston, MA: Pearson Education■ NAEYC – National Association for the Education of Young Children…. Website: www.naeyc.org