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There s probtbly no bl ck m'n in outh ~ric,

so much in tho mouth of the public and tho pres~ in tho middle and to~r 0 the end of the 19th century ~ tlat of ontnhi (or j ontohio as it has beon corrupted. ) Thorc ms

certainly no bettor (nown Af icon nume in outh Afric and England in thoso years commcncin in 188 nd onding 1886, d no person as more admired; lionised , petted, courted , and caresoe by tho ono ' tropean section , while he was at the same timo hated , buaed , curse, villified Gnd ed by the other section . in t hose

Tolon

'uch is the person ~hoeo life it io intended to sketch peg s - !ontshi a , chief of tho T~hidi brtnch of the tribe .

Sine prohistoric times , tho African tribo kno as th olon has inhabited the hi h plateau right in tho contre of outh Africa . This t'bIa-land is 4 , 50 feet abovo ~oa level

·d forma tho v.atcr .... hed of the af'flucnta of tlie Lim,opo -(CrocodilCj or Udi) liver on the, ot , nnd tho muc om ler '~lopo ri~or on the est .

It is oup,ose by enthnologists t i n tho fiftoenth ~

sixtecnth or ovonteont centurien , the e poo 10 were force d to migr·te oouth'J rda from their traditional home in Central fries b inter-oecine w rs, due to many tribes n e uatoT1al

Arric puehin ono another oouth~Hrd in tho s me m nCr u

Dail~ay trucks push oach other .

The rolong people wer firut int~oduced to y,ritten re.cords and his¢, ry in 18 3 by a humbl mis~ ional" emu 1 Broadbent - \' ho at section of them during thoir mig!' tion or th ~amo 1'e &on of ¥ r . Thi~ section finally sot~led at Thab ncho no·r autol n in ntis now the Oran e 'roo 'tto , mn dor thoir Chief oroka , nd hero t Th b neho they .t'ir.st m do hi J"tory , 00 far bck b the ti a of the Gre· t ~'l'ek in 1836 b showin riondshi:- and hoooit lit 0 llendrik : otCioter

nd hif'l tral l! rt in thoir hour of di trosc nd cri . t;,-

I' · ; J ' ~ r>t The firtlt his Ollie 1 mention and ri tin ne mo , l tv · ~/14t yP, 4ilYrr ... I..k~L. • 'ontahi ~a. ' 0 pl"ob bly at thio ti 0, * in the decado 1(;30- 84 • ~ J,. J~ro~ . It ~ould be , o' course b the 'roJon misLion r . os e bel

nd hiD collo b~oo , and possibly b the kindl nd inter oting diarist ___ - the cerw rde raomuo mit , s iritu 1 id of the Pot i et r voortrok er p ,..t . The n me mi h t also e u J r in t e hintorical records of tne timo, w}en the Barolon

• gOJLlS4.- ~ pr~nces - the ons of oroka /and ~ n Th bancho led for 0

~..olUJh~ aga1hst the D sotho , and , c ni~ ~rf< IU ~ .~t co 11sion . th r -V - tho sons of 'otihoeshoo to tho 1 ttoru nnoy,.nce tit thoir thievin

'ro cnsiti s .

We ••••• /

r

--

2 te arc on !Jurar ' ground heli we come do .1deoade lat~r - to the

year 18;0. r.~ontohiwa · s father ' nd ' his ' oection of the 'rolan ' nad left Thaba ~cho for their home on the ', ol,opo River; orltohiwa had SOOt)

succeeded his fc;;thor Te ns in tho ohieftainship of the Tahidi br nch of the Baro1ang at Lotlhakane , and VI a receiving verbal and ·Jri tten communic tions from his Dutch Afrikaner neighbours exhilerated by the munifioence of the Sand River Convention of 1852.

The name of 1./fontshiw8 and that of the Tshidi Barolong co.mes prominently into the lime light of history in connection with the disputes of the diamond fields (1871) in which A'oroka and . ontshiwll, among others , claimed o~norship of the diamondiferous lands . 'e meet therr. again associated with thp, nume of atlaba in the boundary disputes of the western Transvaal of 1881 to 1885. The disputes ere the repercussions of the oulminated in the -famous terminated by the tarren

ransvaal ax of Indepondence , which Majuba episode in Nat.al but were only ~xpedition in echuanaland le85, In these

controversies, ontshiwa comes mU,ch into prominonce -and ha s U1uch praise accorded him by the 1'.nglish people and ~qual1y as much buse heaped on him by the Dutch-Afrikaner people . His n.rune is now associated i i h that of oshet~ oshett) another Eorolong chief , but always on the ,,"bve-ree aide . That is ·to ii:.) y tt:m"t when praise and approbation re heaped OD tho one , censure and approbium are

.- .

hurled at the other vice ver-sa .

Finally we meet Montshiwe. and his :Barolong in connection ith the An~lo-Boer ar 1899-1902 hen they fought side by side with the British in defence of their town of &fikene; Which was besieged wi th the Europe n town of r,"afeking by the Transva 1 commandos , and defended by ~ajor General Baden- Po ell .

the ontohiwa had recently died , ~t his

nostrils of his enemies as mUCh/it w s in the memory of his friends .

(A.t'I-tA sli:nJ< name was still fresh/ in tre aured affectionately

Above e have mentioned fj oshete t t ontshiwB, Moroka and ~at1aba .

All these aro Barolong chil tains; each of them the principal chief of one or another of the four main sections of the Barolong

Cfk.) tribe , these diviaioDR being fthe Ratlou at hunwar.a~ in t he Lichtenburg district and also at Setlagole , reaipan, tadibogo , otsi t1ane , ~

Phitshane . T hidilamolomo in the Kafekihg distri~t , and at Ganyesa nd florokwen in the Vryburg district· ( ) the _ shidi br noh at afoking , (0) the ~eleka branch at Thaba cho , and-=( d) the

Rapulana branc~ at Lotlhnkane (Rietfontein) in the afaking district and aleo at Bodibe (Polfontein) in the Licb~enburg district .

~hese sections or branches of the Barolong tribe originate from one common stem nd their chiefs descend from one man -Tau, who was king of ODO great tnrolong tribe in former times .

s.a. Th~former times aro , however , near enough to leave us in no doubt about the rank and precedence according to seniority of birth of the Chiefs, that order of precedence accordin to seniority being dcrivt ed irom the order of the sons of Tou and

par.::etuated ••• /

~ -I1 '~~~41 fq',:7·J·~ldfC$L-.., __ l~c.,./ ..... -7'. .. .c_~ , ' I '>--/.' / • /' • ~ J'! , 1' - . _ _ .. c, • ..J' ~ ,;t

e...1'-';--c-a.~C.~' "('~J' '''''-'~' 'C-~.r ~ <.c_~ . ,

L e all C r:f l' ontshi~' a '.' as/ g. ~ .. t'..~iar-~~/§~ '$121, ~c'i-,(la; mucl1. that is sOO 'lTL much t'lFlt 1. S " • 1£e -:;a -kind, .i or -':; l v n ,-" couraceoifs l

shre' an l"1a 0nan :'i10US , a lave e r of a patriarchal s ociety, a true fa t er of 'li s peo £h.ii, umourous an .,e1 - versed in Tsvana l aw an u8a~es . =ut v ewe ih t.~e 1i0 t of t e 2 th Cent 11 ... '" -; C_1 ols, rutxk col l eue s ''1d ca t:'l' e ra l s 0 an ali en civilisation it ts s t r811ce manners , l avls , opin ions , usages, soc a l sy terns an mora l stan ar s , 1e 'las an unmiti 0a t e( h eathen­superstit ous, revar catLl':, a~l a olycam st of the eepest eye .

It must be remembered that h s lifo spflnne cl1.e 19th 8entur, vhic was itse l f ark to many J;urmpean'~ h o to a c l a i !:1 t o be in t:1e v n of proGress 0

t'hys. c he vIas o· a vera00 he i b h'cJ4. aE-'L~.he ,,~,t.!S\vna woul l s~y. __ ' nei ther short n or ta • e ha a fu r oun f ce ,1"'81.1 ntT pock-marke , aM with e. Xz! : fair ero 0 mmles , ani n ~a tter ye r s crossed y unco n0111y ee furr'ows or fol s of s rin hich a 1Ve/c 1e ap e rance of a lion, an a l so the na1'1e of IT t:hc 1 0:1 0 en~ fOl~est ." C r nulenb an,- VJitl a l a rGO protrv.din abdomen as ef i ts an frican chief, h i s ~:fe 0'~t 'as en rmous, pe haps only se c on to th t of Dinizu1u (0 bs ) the Zul u chi ef i n thi s res ecc e As a resu1 t h s G twas un,::ai n l ~ . It ecame shl-,ff lin· in hi s l atter ears. ~

he had a pecu i ar (efoct of s"eech w ch e ca e more pronounced s he c,re'l 01 er . It 'las not is ne . t o Givc t name one miGht call it sussL incH . -Ie pronounced It ' t as i ' 00 or take) as f it vas ltj' or Tch ! (as in chi 1 oj- c11.00se) an is's! as n sone; or sel l) as i f _i t vms ' sh! ax.iN. ma dn.:; thffise vor s respecti v 1~· ! shon ; an 1 shel ' .. --0 s 0._0 as one vhos e 1"' OUt'l . s f 'u 1 of sa 1 va II

~~:~ether t.1.is Yvas ,./ft.$ 0. oe _ne .. ef,c t" or just ffectat;Lon ~t is . f cult tol a~" . Some of h s 1" t'1ers e. u 8aane ) ~d ne he 7S, e . u 'l'a tiny ne ) ha or affect . t'1.e sa e efect ~ Suc affoct t.ons are f a 1"1 CO!"12''lOn amonG the Tsvma aristocracJyb'-' J~",j:.~~.;;..o ~ .i44~~bC" A~;'dPV~d~, ' \ ' c ,1 <1 \...~

A c:1f'rn n.::; co-p.versa tiona1 s t 'I th a keen sense of _ :mnour " . ovla1, ocu-ar, t,n~ ~ rst n. n~, '] _l - i nforme , i.nfnr I ti ve, e inc n~ Crea t v t

t 1'le 111_n1, shrew" outspo.{en, s.t times rovocntive an ca a 1e 0 mor ant wi t, '1. S , Ibn vas enos; tory of' ':'3i."ana . l a '1 , hi tor· an . tra i ti on ; , S t t J.i-Y.! ./!"";" - .~:..d~ ~<-(. . 4L.IZFfI1-~-'i.~ ~4.cc .c .4/.4.c-.L \. emner e ua Ie an vJell - re u u1a e ~ :.L2:~--;--~k..~,.k~~A.j.~..k,KAJ~ :I'--;4 ...... "'--'"--e. ~

F 1" r-tn ye .r s '~ontshi 'Ta ",as eas j l:r the m st f'1moll.s TS"Ja:"l CJ. i ef, is faml e7ceedi ne; even t hat of ec e .JJ . .L. ' 1~a D"len , ':10 \,as -; .sco e1'e an e_:

vertise :81" Livi.nGst ne , .. ;no ,u t f T ~ama 0.1 tho .LJan "a to, v"ho Vias I i n ~ed t he m S 3 ' onarie~Of t~le Lon on ~~i ssi onary Soc ety . .10ntshiwa IS fame ha a d ffer ent, and one may say, opposi t e ori in to tl~t of those chi efs . T m' Ja prirnirily due to their connection wi th church or Christian act vities; it "Jas the measure of their assessment b y foreign mora l. standar ds. 1,"'on t sh \If a T s urea tne s s, on t~1.e ot er r_and , s seen in his na t e or i n'-1[:,enous llnso-rhi st ca te mind , t 16 rUbbed s trenbt 1 of 11 s e sonr.1i t , h is inf c~;: ble e t e r mina tion and will power , and hIs purely African outlook and cuI ture" 'hese uali ties were rove an exemplL'ied n hi'S indomitable re-sistance to det,tr ibali sation of his :people, and x hei sub ' ugayion in the fp ce m l·tary or _'- s an form a e (; emi es arovnd 1 dur i 6 many De ~ .01s of h i s life , it was see i the s r a t es of his e t rea ts an fll,ht

.So ~hen to ' i e bat tle woul d have be n di sC'st ous, s recap t u e and re - _o -ssess on 0 pos tion and fi~ which had be n a 1 ~ut l ost.

I t wa s tha t very Jeterminat 0', constancy an. nflex bi lit - that made ~ffonts-:: '.'1 steaci'ast vIA. hoI the fa th and -'-rac_t ons, he nature~

:;:oli on an ancestor v'ors of his fat'~1ers . _~t f rst, T' ntsh:-:Ja ' s view O~l e l_ G_ous mat ers acco e with he r _me-vl]

as umpjttion that a person ' s Jest 1'e .; ~ on '::as hat of i s contI'"', an h (, \.ouL ). a most seom to :1ave ba-ve recei ed the c assica l adv ce r of ~~eacenas to ncta us Caesar -' ~!:orsliD tl~e o's nccor i n to tile r_t s f ~To.I' own eou.l"1tr'" Pursue v; t 'l a tre n: nun '. slIl1en:b t _oso who ntro uce forei gn re-

b ons, f the~ ent ce otho"1" ~ to use forei 'n l a"vS, and ~len~ E'~ris e cons-t) r acies, f.OC et es an as em os, t ... ' n bs I" "G.llSU t e :fa to f_ 1'10:"'1.0 en-oous empire .. rI { W. E. -. Lecky: History of European ,1orals) . /'

.".. firsc :'lC pursued the :Cirst C~lr i st a~lS 0" s t be wit:'l ._1. aC[lb e tcost_ t, fpJ').. 'es ste a ll "1811l1e 0 ... spi ri turL lnno ations an fo a-front in Dersecut' no t 1 vr:l 'e.L'· muc~ iffe sor, e of t~le ~.ortc.n 0lilD rors 'ere . GaL st thE:; ear "' Cr1 "c:'l" As :.. 1. I:ome , C ODe s cut_on a fter\,i 1';1:,,1" ".> ceas' I an 'he :l'lri stians v'ere ol erato' Hi :1 t~ e h" ~.ua 10 -a1 ies .ihen ::::.tr st ani t \"las taci t l app 0 e , an", n na ~ 'encoura 'ed - the em e 0 Constant ne) himse l f accepti nG t~le fr' i tho .L us tfID c ..af't er ~,-,:r.>: S0 ?

Uti21G t''le Christians , !/Iont shiwa VI t h the he lp of e3 1'Tarren -, l"'ec.k 8. Christ 011 CDa1)O n n ~:3 5,. anc1 -::; :-:.en 8 Jve a "._0 -'- 0 5 ae es . 0 t"lJ.e 1'.fes1e an Soc ·et fo a :niss 01 house, .3.n vms to :li s _eath, DOU:l ... .-n t es of eo - \? era __ on,mlltua esp ct anl fr ens:l_ 1 if-h .. :..L r: 3S .onar cs t '. ~~ ~ It. rJ ,; 40 JL,:f:i..R~."'t~~

~It\..v ~ .z..1· ' '-''~~'" hi .

(

)

-It ~ i1 te est ~ Q 0 s'""'ecul Ctte H: ether i f -'0 tSllht ha been a C:11"istictll ':~:.t6f, s'J _Lm YeB-I.Ia , lLe vioul u. ~,--:ve be ~ Gven mo:;:-e far'ou.s than he ~, c vua l l:y

iuas ; \: : ethel" he w1hu d have '1a or ,,· t e 1 uence, not n l ' amon.:,; :1...-LS e01)l e , u " n '"'ouLh L i ea be n a _ • a.....,dllv..fo.ll·\,tm~ .I.. :lerc is no OJ..bt at n our c encratio an t i raes , Afr can chie:2s a l ea' ers v/ho exercise th b.L ea te st inf l uence, not 0 1 ramon · the . people bUG 0.1. also Gener al l a re t _ose who _ 0 e.3S C1 ist a i t~, not p er ha s~ be cause of the sincef rit17 b'" thel Drof s s on s o much as :,ecause of i ts nc ce ta l contacts s.nd as socia tions \, i th t~1.e Chri stian an" seudo - chri s t i an publi c opinion 0 our times . Iv"",

Spea rin enural l , euer y c1 ef n our .a , 11ea thefn 0 Christian is a liG!'. to his people. :Jut a Chriflt anised ch e becomes also a hero b - on the limi ts of hi s t ib an people b h.Q. VL1"; a lar~er au ien ce or appeal , a con mon p l at ... orm, s o 0 speak, wi t Il t he outs_de orld a..c?nore rla t ers of common

nt est. Uontsb wa 'T ·W to manhoo \/ i thou±l eva learnin , to rea or 1;;'ri te, a l th­

ough he had had am l e opprtuni t to ac uire bOt.1 hese arts rl -. .N£t in ear .,­out 1 a t mba 111c1-10 ( 0 32 - 1 40 L~ -: s a ttempt :::> i'Y)::;h.at d irection in l a te ye ­

ars were far from successful . ~ie ha , h OYle 0 a deep lihve or ear in[; in roof 0..2 1"11 ch he fent s ome 0'" 11 s sons 2.n nepherls to .:the bestnschool s the nen ava l ab l e fo African l outh, such as Lovelal e ane 1,10::::,ijEq e l iced t:1e

compan of educate peoD"!. of 11 s tribe, near 13.1 0 then :1i s illmrr l a ti-ons , an va ue. the r enl -ht eno 2. vice on new or foreiun '11'0 l ems. l' e not rofess n.; C'In'ist i ani t~, .e was Sl a thetic to t e vvork of C111" -st an miss ons and friendl with mi s sionaries , not onl - , thou&h pe r haps at first ch ef for oli t cal reasons , but a l so be ause he .eriv· all "'1anne of 8 vant 6e from -'-;1.em a _ ecei 0 Jlnuch h fron them both i n times 0 eace an troubl e - secrettarial, en ine rin~, sanitar r, mili tar r , but most

of al l he earn't1 t r uth and life fJrom them gow often llC co traste the hQm· l it , the simplicitr, he unPstentat ous frien lines s and t~~e~­bil t of~. ese servants of Jo vJi t h the snob e r , selfi shness, ~Sf oece tful ne s an s elf- mDortance Df the 11unters , traders an Gove r nment of ic a l s who were SDroa n6 :lemse vas a llover the COU~lt~y. As a c l ass the m ss onar es rna e a b ea c an_ 20~ jmpression upon ~l m.

,ose h Lu or n ~onathan Web , JOD.n Mackenz e,'/I'~\'Jen l'at_ ns , ::1obert Appe l be j

t,,-:'re Shar • He too c a ';1"ea t de li bhlJ i n convers i ng with t _lem and t r in : .... to fi6 l earn s omethil G ot thei teac' G .role ound ·0 in havinG _e.u b e

read to hin, a n 'Has , a ll t:J.in s cons · ",:'e e,,~_, ui t e 8. bool ::.., b l e s tudent and "las a e J• t n 0._ uoti g sorne 9f ts passa es , especial y from the boo' of Isa .ah, who he i rht l - e ar e , as t.llE: breate s t 0 :1.et, and some of \,1 ose" nob e a ssa pe s he 0 edt;~...chot to be sure for the s i..t" ua ~¢s:or pro .. et c content kemt 0 Jews w~~ 0 sti 1 ."'ea them w th unc l ouc d

"be :t'ef and jo 0 the com n ..; ess ah tro e l r them and restore thei'''l to t ~1e rom se and, but 1"10 e for them.r tera y beauty , an ec l ama tor ef

t s 0 Some such _assaoes he ii/oul d w t h ease sandvl_ch i n s conversati')~ or enjo· Je':e r mora prcce ts to 11~ S _ 0 I e .

:'onts v:a knew n o ... ).angua2,e other than h i s 'rs;'.'ana mothe r t onGue wh c~ he s po e wi th a we a t"lJA:t 0 i on , arrul a conmand 0 lapp a lus~.on

l ustrat on 1)" '9[,rc~b l e an Dro erb whicn ::le s ited 1"i t~ l a slL nn-'l te L~0 effect. "- - r-_____ ~ -------~n- Shr st an se thouuh he was, t:le e_fects 0" ~~o ~'ltshuv!a ' s 8.ssociat on ' d

wit . Christ an n~ ll~'Y)cCS Vlore e'ts ·. oJ not cab l e l i s c lar&.c te..:', .1 s sct-~ ons 8.nd his speechoCoar>se in h s v isa e an e ral phys i c a l appearance , he vIas et gent l e in- . ~ 3 manner, an .. his sent ences as a j u .:;e ',':e e remar {­a? e for their e n enc 0 hOU6h an ' n, epen ~ent k n r,,_ veste w th the ~:ie of fe an:: r ath for . ore than 35 e~rf. r i or to tle L1.fi l t r at 0'1. of w11 tE o er l or s p, n o one rememberS. ~10ntshi wa -pronouncin..; a sentence of ca i t ­a DU11i shment. T e h eav est pun shment for e en such ant - soc i a l H1li !tm( of.Len~ e s as 7. t chc l'aft . ID. -whlzk v'as a 11eav- f ne coupl e l.Tith c r ora _ un s ~ent . =:ow Vlon GI> u l t1is is can onl - be 0 1"'0. sn6." , -whe:l t i s r emem e -e, that . t "'''1 s on J in ~3l , t at Joan f rc ,"as nu'J l ic y torture an

burnt as a VJ ,tC 1--1 .n .?r8.nce, aiM tat in the ce ~1.tul'" - prvcedlne, Montshivla ' s ±Jrnill:UtN.:bL'<G~XXDN.l1lp.lE c.K~}2N: the most em nent j uriJtz a gr ee wit L e .i0hest ecc esit'stica l tri 11..'rlfr S :n z~J!lIli:"'" sent neinG t _ihusan s of peo l e to

he, torture , e:cecuted or burnt for-;-:-6I t chcraft in ~n3lE1.n~, France an. Cer rnany, an~ t _a t tl e braa t est re i;:;ious l ea ers 0 t: e 8th Centur?- Ha2 11. Luthe an John :.'es l ey were mone the most ntol e ant 0 :9onent s 0 VI tC:lcraft en f10St emnhatic su .porters 0; Y.'itc p ersecution (Lecky: The Rise and Influe­nce of Rat i ona lism in Europe; LuckIe H. T : The Ift story of Civilisati on in Engl a nd;) . ~

. ~'rl-,-~'lar "lontsh~/~Ta,. for' e cruel ty, [tnrt str;ctl:- enj oined ~is l1arr':ors ~everllJo l:iJ hl , buht/ , cdther :l1.e l ]:) the 1 wOU!trde~ enem- ~ otherwise II JeGofa II as ":'.e 08 e_ , e ova uO, wou for a L{E) '1.e ~ar nb cause. '

· '~· ~ot .,

" -:. .. . c .... - · ~u'- . tlq:;

~n na t ional cri s e s, ur ent publi c me oti.n,s and 'oub tfu l "la;triona l ,ssues such as t'h.e son si era t~. on a nd si un i n b 0:' trea ti o s a ni ul t ima t uns , I', n t.s 'll . a a l ­wa t b ca l c 2 u on h i s mi s ionare s to a s k f or '1ea' enl J Guidance , 1m nva r i a ­b l :,,' opon,00' -11.0 pr ocee d n .::; s wi th pra~ or ah , c l o s e the'it 'I" i t benoo f c t i ,Oll . I t "Ja s n stri c ~ _CG opi n ;::, 7i t ,l L 1 s prr,c ti. ce t ha t 'lilhen lJ.o ViIlS ab out t o u:rlci.e r .l t a -e r-l s lon e, l as t jour'ne~, he summone s mi s sionar to l es h .m .

"'urin G t :1.e l at t eI' pa r t of h i s chi efta ns'1i.n , h ' s t r be mar e c ons ' r ab pro..;res mater a lly, s oci o. l~ an i nte 11 e ctually. Prom be :"1":; [1 pure l as t -o a l an n oma ,i c s oc i e t " ho y be a n t o t o t 1 t'1.G so j.l r11J.~" 1 more yV"n q '10

"'J . '::h i <'1 _!'1pli o C J"'1. ore set e t:lt on an mprovement in tl1e~ c ons -~ructi n of t e i r ... :"ouscs anc cul t i v[', tio:~l 01 '~hG :;:Jca c ofll l 2.n, s oc i a l ar t s .,

e ,veE! th or amonG t '1.em ac uL."e , not on l y h n tt e , s ee a n, ;oa ts, u t a l s o , 01""30S an 'gaGons , an of course uns a s 1.~ e ll • T e J - 8l s o bul t ouse s 0 ... tlJe Tt.:ur ope a n styl e a n, oven b ouG. t furni t ure. f ''- " r,~ontshil'va ' s i n telle ctua l eminence i n h i s a s e is b eyonc ue st on . It has

t.. b e en a m t t ed b y t __ os e \,1 _0 knew i m a:1.d b other who n ly hear or r ea d of ~ h im . I G ha s~.be en gr hte d wil l i n c l y b--r fri on. anc. gru s ingl y by f oo . TIm!o ve -

~f . muc t le n t te r r;,~ rht la te - ilTli, ~ e y coul ' l10 ~ • bnore '1 m. - "" ~ 1.,., a "' ense 'ie lias l ·1.-·"l-~",~~/o f' l C' -I- m''''S ~f "'u""l '" t'li n" j s po se< b 1 e - "'n' .::> ~ _wI I..,..r, ~v _ . _ _ u IJ J.v ; _'_ I~ _v .!........ _ ~ _ L ~ .

f'" "'J.i S pol :i. ti ca l ou t l oo . , and i n t he evoti on wi t n hic:1. ho ursue i s (e s i e;;-F:'r ns • . A,VilO. ' t ~1.e tri bes of t :'le souther n ':::nt8'l1l1a , :1e V'flS na t urall ooke r upon I~ a s the 0 e r of t h u e t , an. no J)!J]Ul:t~_ ("[1. t heri..nc; ;:'-E.9_1;lthe r . ~~t-

.... e t e w t '10nt 1. mi[fo ·'OStnm vla, l"1're ~n t any no e 3'e-, whfi e ~ or b l ack ,s u e t:le f a l.'c'e i, ' t ho Transvaal to sub j usa t o an annex s ou therl: ~ ~e c 1).an8 1an ; to ,. "m i s ,ue the c on ti nuec exi:s.~e ::.1.c e of t h e ~ ~i s iona ries or

T' a e r ou t e t o Ghe i nterior g ~Ie i s t'10 centra l f i s urc i n t he s t ruc..,;gl e for " the ne c k f t1.e b t t e" , t n v Sue z ana l of t _e tra e to t he i n t e rior , the

( que stj.on " If/ho will ha e :'-ochua .al a n • an res l it ha s been t ef t to _1 mto t an8'181" tha t quos t) 0 .1 as it l'JL'cs b:::, uns':er'(j II --

~ "::arl "'- i n is c 11. e taihs_l1 D Qe nco:'porn t e i n to h i s t r i b e m n for -oi n 0 ement s . and he ld t lem c los e1> kn i tte t o hi s ~shi _i :-=:a r o l n..; croup: r::urut s e , N~.JJ .Nowax~:t.x.a.;.:;. ~1\:a±l B:IlG~.::2:kk:;m (J.' tem : ::Jsbo. n ) 'T0 'a t ,tote":,, '=:u1 (Or ) :lG~lake t s e ( r oter1 : Croco ,lle ) :. 00e n ( ':::otem; Sna ke ) 3i ~ '!a ('l'ote'11 Damara , 2:" i n uo an, ~:21osa - a l share e~ually in t ~l.e ,.!. sb i (-:'i ':';arol on g na t i ona l t ~ 2 S a homo e ne ous enti t ~~ • \ '1 ~.;-A-/d'~-l-7 kJ.t:-- -;1;17' ....... Io- Wd;

\3 .s t a t ec bef :.. e , ~~ont s1.iwa VJas a t hl"'or ou [;. -oo "n ..; po l G;;Tn st r nol:tGam-i s t. ne lJ.o.. a l t o ·other 2 ',1 ves , nne, ne--e l r:s t~_.~ 0.: -:]' t :t'1e~ T! s pol:Tbamy ra s perhap s not 0t a t el (bJ pure y -RR.ID3.N1ltxfC,v S re £'01" sensua E,ratif ca t:i.on , any more t..an i s . e ca s e ,'.J.. Q 0 im or i a l 0 YGami s ts of t he 1iwrl . 0 It _1.a , as ',"l i t": t 1en, pol :.tical !lot ve s bo'l.i nc t . It wasprac ­ti sed to cons o i t e __ i s al a nces '7i t h s _ s t e tribes , an to cement t he adj

a, e anc e of s l1::: j e c t or vassal tr i bal ele111ent s . ':' 1.u.s be s e s ':'8hi 'naro-on .:, ,",or"'en f or wi V1'lJS , he ha a s o T ~lam.R lli.:J.:dC6hakR:tlU:~-' ) nO. a an Se l e . a

~arolonG , 8.S I'[e l as ~::u:ruts e an Ng ake t se iIi ves . T'i not t :1e ma~n ·, fi c nt Ki n L.> Sol orLon of Isr ael, 1, _0 exco \... ( 01 ~L tlli:l i n 0s am' pr nces f tn'" earth :2or r i c_1.es an :' or ' 'J ls .OM " ~'"t :·~i n..; 80 omon 0 e '18 n T s tra n Je 'Ii omen t OGe t he r with t 1.e aubh t e r of-1hi r o '1, '.VOMen of t he Moab .. i t e 3 , . A'l"'Jr10n i t e s , E OTn t o s, ~ . on i an8 !1n~. ~:a t C. t o S II • An e 8 71) w ves , r n ces s es , an. ~0 concub "nes . t:' ol orlOn c avo n.nto

(I . Kin~ ll , .1 - 3) Did he not contr ac t . "' t r ' '''' o:1.-~.e 1'1 t .l t 10 if!i'u;;-, ter~. of f ori :;n tci n us :: or t he sa"1e ' .mE purpose

• a l e ,'? ( !'-I.~,,,-J J ('(....( II LC .f. C 1",-/ ... ( u tc C 'J ? ",.."..;.-.,...-....... -~--r-e-J .. ·_-c-n ~·'a8 morv a _ n t o mo e r n emocr8 c y t ' n tha t of any chi e

of Ie was a cons t t t ion:::.. l Monarch . He _u l e b s counso l ors ~e c ou l on t h nG ',; t h ou t consu tin z; t 81'1 an b t a n nc t ho ir a nrova l o Tt .L,;,D. t o ';,) e s o e cause he r~er i ve s. h i s J.ll.t~)..Ori t- f r om them , an not from s omo f ore 3n or.s He yra 8 t11.e i r ,_nG~Tf"tho ir consent. -:. ere c oul tl be no

[< t of -,ou s jrrJ Yl ·t11. l i s aue:; ~ L' e t a t c ' c st Y'101. >< ~I :::n tlle l a t or ~. oars of ' li s re ',o 1 , 'th en :'1.s r acul t :lie s '.70ro ,l oc I 11 n 0 , ['

en, ;'len ho '1.8. J.:; o COL e w t , ne\'1 nn : u..nYJ on t ed prob1- ~Ms of f ore iL.,n :;:Jene tra -t on ,/D.:r:ne:xat jons a:l t r ea ti os i 'l uY-.lk:o~·rn tonou s, v~.lV str anGe d01'11:'ncls and exact ons "'Tore crow i n 0 u. on In , '1.e "las of t en n ov/il o _ed 8n~ confused. , and l' rq-'ed t o osc 1 a t e be t ··reen the c o"1i' J ~.ct ,110 ODi "1i l;,S of 1· s er:;,u'l, ].:~ v 7 " -

e~t:Yl 211. colliv.so, ~o-;"nse. lors, ¥-~~ OG t · c on vT;la t i _ ~1._S nr_ni t ve 1;'O :~ l l~l conce i vel. t o be -'-.w'18 lJ.i";~l,}'::t i:1.tG!'es'~s :: ~.li s t r i 'Je, a n IV l.8. t K X :S .:.0 \Tas 87'suro to:":; 'e ' l ~)3 s b~" t :1.ose . , ,~ Dose~ "',s;' 3,.'1o :nre senta ti ve s f a b "ve r n ­m!9n t - '.7 c tor a ' s t.> ver::-''''18..1.t , note. for j u s tice an h ono'r, [In.r , a re 2.:1 G~ on-rr s t' s re I .. .::., . n f b :.~0t'1.:;1.., '10 0 ~. 10,.:.1.-1 ]. 'Ie Q.'

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Collection Number: A979 Silas T MOLEMA and Solomon T PLAATJE Papers PUBLISHER: Publisher:- Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:- Johannesburg ©2012

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