listening to the impacts of the png lng project

Listening to the impacts of the PNG LNG Project

Central Province, Papua New Guinea

OX 0002_PNG-report_D6.indd 1 31/10/11 6:33 PM

Published November 2011

Oxfam Australia132 Leicester StreetCarlton, Victoria 3053 AustraliaABN 18 055 208 636Telephone: +61 3 9289 9444 | Fax: +61 3 9347 1983

Oxfam Papua New Guinea Section 55, Lot 16 Lokua AvenueBoroko, National Capital DistrictPapua New Guinea

www.oxfam.org.au

Author: Iris Wielders | Editor: Melanie Scaife | Designer: Dylan Truscio | Proofreader: Talia Eilon Print production: David Edgley | Contributors: Christina Hill, Serena Lillywhite and Sam Ramsden

© Oxfam Australia 2011

!"#$%&'()*+$,-$&-)&$#.,-$*/0&1-*2&*2/&'()*+$,-$3&45(36-,&#5+&73*/+3$*-53$,&8/9/,5:%/3*&;'4<78=>&?@&125)/&650/&5#&/*2-6)&we are bound; Oxfam International, by whose constitution and code of conduct we are bound; People in Aid, by whose code we are bound; and the Refugee Council of Australia.

This report is available online at www.oxfam.org.au/explore/mining


Listening to the impacts of the PNG LNG Project in Central Province, Papua New Guinea | Oxfam 1

Foreward 2

About Oxfam 4

1.0 Introduction 6

2.0 Background 7

3.0 Methodology 9

4.0 Scope 10

5.0 Impact, attribution and responsibility 11

6.0 The PNG LNG Project’s engagement with the villages 12

7.0 The view from Hiri District Government 14

8.0 What we heard in the communities 15

9.0 Workshop discussions 19

10 List of sources and documentation reviewed 20


2

Foreword

The PNG LNG Project, operated by ExxonMobil subsidiary Esso Highlands Limited, is predicted to double Papua New A(-3/$B)&C+5))&05%/)*-6&:+50(6*&$30&+/)(,*&-3&)-C3-.6$3*&social and economic change — both positive and negative.

Oxfam seeks to support community and civil society 5+C$3-)$*-53&-3-*-$*-9/)&*2$*&$-%&*5&/3)(+/&?/3/.*)&#+5%&this project are enjoyed by all Papua New Guineans and that any negative impacts are avoided or minimised. We are also keen to support community initiatives that seek to navigate the many changes this project will contribute to or cause, while recognising broader patterns of change in Papua New Guinea.

')&$&.+)*&)*/:>&!"#$%&65%%-))-53/0&*2/&DEA&7%:$6*&Listening Project to understand people’s experiences and views of the impacts of the PNG LNG Project, and how they are responding to these impacts. We also commissioned the project to help communities and civil society organisations to work towards minimising negative -%:$6*)&$30&/3)(+/&?/3/.*)&$+/&/3F5@/0&?@&$,,G&

Oxfam wishes to acknowledge Iris Wielders who led the LNG Impact Listening Project. We thank Iris for her efforts to bring community, the PNG LNG Project developer and district government representatives together during the project, for her support of the listening teams during the ./,015+H>&$30&#5+&2/+&9$,($?,/&-3)-C2*)&$30&65%%-*%/3*&*5&the project process.

Oxfam would also like to acknowledge and thank the LNG Impact Listening Project partners, members of the listening teams, and all the other organisations that participated in and supported this project. Finally, we thank all those community members who shared their frank and honest experiences and views of how the PNG LNG Project is affecting their communities and their lives.

Christina Hill, Serena Lillywhite and Sam RamsdenOxfam



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This report documents the process and outcomes of the LNG Impact Listening Project. This project brought together civil society and community-based organisations working in four villages affected by the PNG LNG Project in Central Province, Papua New Guinea.

A team of dedicated people helped in various ways to inform the community entry strategy, establish and participate in the listening teams, participate in workshop discussions and draft this report. These committed individuals included Sally Mokis, Susan Setae, Judy I15H-3>&<+/0$&J$C-3-&;K$:($&L$2-3/=M&D$/H5&N$,$>&N535&E$+-H-&;4/3*+$,&K+59-36/&45(36-,&5#&O5%/3=M&P)%-/&<+/0$&I/3$:$>&Q523&L5)/$&;KEA&R/0&4+5))=M&'+*2(+&S5($>&A$?/&T$C->&Q$3/*&85?->&R$+($&A$%(&;KEA&R/0&4+5))&95,(3*//+)=M&42$+,-/&4,/%/3*>&A-3-&U/9-3&;I$,9$*-53&'+%@=M&N/3$&I/*$>&U$,-&I/*/&;V3-*/0&42(+62=M&E$5%-&S5,5>&L/H5-&Seneka, Boio Tarata, Vada Dogo, Boni Tai, Lucy Igo, Henao !0$&;V3-*/0&42(+62&O5%/3B)&</,,51)2-:=M&$30&J-62$/,&7:$&$30&I2$+53&U5-*(*&;!"#$%&W5(*2&'6*-53&K$+*3/+)=G

A broader group of civil society organisations also provided feedback and insights throughout the process, including the Centre for Environmental Law and Community Rights, Population Services International, Transparency International, Peace Foundation Melanesia, the National Research Institute and the Institute for National Affairs. Two anthropologists, Michael Goddard and James Weiner, also offered their insights. Esso Highlands Limited and Hiri District Government personnel agreed to interviews and participated in a day-long stakeholder workshop, enabling dialogue around impact issues between key PNG LNG Project stakeholders.

The Terms of Reference for the LNG Impact Listening Project were developed by the Oxfam PNG Program, and the Oxfam Mining Advocacy Program based in Melbourne, Australia. The project was managed by Sam Ramsden, Program Manager, Oxfam PNG, with support from Christina Hill and Serena Lillywhite from the Oxfam Mining Advocacy Program. Oxfam PNG’s Disaster Management !#.6/+&L$++@&A(?$,$&1$)&:$+*&5#&*2/&,-)*/3-3C&*/$%&and provided invaluable support with local insights and ,5C-)*-6)G&',,&5*2/+&)*$##&%/%?/+)&$*&*2/&K5+*&J5+/)?@&5#.6/&were interested in and enthusiastic about the LNG Impact Listening Project, and provided important support in their various roles. Jennifer Worthington, Oxfam’s K$6-.6&L(%$3-*$+-$3&455+0-3$*5+>&1$)&$&C+/$*&2/,:&1-*2&the risk assessments.

I would also like to thank the many people who took time to speak to the listening teams about their views of the impacts of the PNG LNG Project.

U/@&$-%)&5#&*2/&DEA&7%:$6*&D-)*/3-3C&K+5F/6*&1/+/&to support and build the capacity of people from the affected communities and local civil society organisations to undertake research and engage with the developer. The project also deliberately focused on the views and experiences of women. For me, one of the greatest joys of this project was working with such a formidable group of women, and hearing from them how they enjoyed being part of the LNG Impact Listening Project.

Lastly, my thanks to Oxfam for the opportunity to work on this project. Their support for innovative approaches to research, capacity building and dialogue is commendable.

Iris WieldersCoordinator, LNG Impact Listening Project


4

About Oxfam



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Oxfam is an independent, non-government aid and development organisation. The organisation undertakes long-term development projects, provides humanitarian +/):53)/)&0(+-3C&0-)$)*/+&$30&653X-6*>&$30&$0956$*/)&#5+&policy and practice changes that promote human rights and justice.

Oxfam has been working in Papua New Guinea since the early 1990s. Oxfam in Papua New Guinea works with civil society and government to address root causes of poverty and inequality through our work on livelihoods, essential services, governance, human security, combating gender-based violence, and disaster risk reduction and response. Further, Oxfam in Papua New Guinea works to strengthen the ability of women and men to use natural resources, exercise control over productive assets, and ensure food and livelihoods security.

!"#$%B)&J-3-3C&'0956$6@&K+5C+$%&15+H)&*5&-3X(/36/&*2/&policies and practices of mining, oil and gas companies, and the Australian Government and multilateral institutions that support extractive industry activities and responsible business practice. The Mining Advocacy Program also works with affected communities to support them to understand their rights and corporate accountability mechanisms available to them to hold companies to account for their practices. The program focuses on human rights, gender, community-company relationships, revenue transparency and free, prior and informed consent.


6

Executive summary

S2/&KEA&DEA&;,-Y(/./0&3$*(+$,&C$)=&K+5F/6*&-)&*2/&,$+C/)*&gas development project in Papua New Guinea, and one of the largest in the world. It includes gas production and processing, liquefaction, storage and export. Esso Highlands Limited, a subsidiary of ExxonMobil, is constructing the plant and will operate the project on behalf of joint-venture partners Oil Search Limited, National Petroleum Company PNG Limited, Santos Limited, JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration Corporation, Mineral Resource Company Limited and Eda Oil Limited. The PNG LNG Project is projected to more than double *2/&C+5))&05%/)*-6&:+50(6*&5#&K$:($&E/1&A(-3/$&;'6-,&S$)%$3&Z[[\>&:G&9-=G&

Between April and June 2011, Oxfam’s Port Moresby Program, together with a number of local civil society and community-based organisations, organised a small community-based participatory “listening project”1. The project aimed to understand people’s experiences and views of the impacts of the PNG LNG Project on their 9-,,$C/)&;K5+/?$0$>&N5/+$>&K$:$&$30&D/$&D/$=>&$,,&5#& which are located near Port Moresby and the gas liquefaction plant site.

Small teams comprising people from partner organisations ;,-)*/0&-3&I/6*-53&]=>&-36,(0-3C&:/5:,/&#+5%&*2/&#5(+&9-,,$C/)>&went to listen to people’s views over three days, ensuring in particular that the voices of women and young people were heard. In addition to the community visits, interviews 1/+/&2/,0&1-*2&0-)*+-6*&,/9/,&5#.6-$,)&$30&1-*2&:/+)533/,&from Esso Highlands Limited, the project developer.

The objectives of the listening project were to:& ^&&0/9/,5:&$3&(30/+)*$30-3C&5#&*2/&:5*/3*-$,&:5)-*-9/&

and negative impacts of the PNG LNG Project by documenting communities’ experiences and views of these impacts;

& ^&&C/3/+$*/&0-$,5C(/&?/*1//3&65%%(3-*-/)&$30&project decision-makers;

& ^&&:+50(6/&$&+/:5+*&0/)6+-?-3C&251&*2/&KEA&DEA&Project is perceived to be affecting the communities to help these and other communities engage with project decision-makers in managing expectations, and positive and negative impacts; and

& ^&&(30/+:-3&:5*/3*-$,&#(+*2/+&15+H&#5+&*2/&DEA&7%:$6*&Listening Project partners.

This report describes the outcomes of the LNG Impact Listening Project. Firstly, it offers background information on the PNG LNG Project and then sets out the methodology that was used during the listening project, and the steps that were undertaken.

S2/&.30-3C)&0/)6+-?/0&-3&*2-)&+/:5+*&)//H&*5&+/X/6*&some of the views of three important stakeholder groups interested in managing the impacts of the PNG LNG Project: the project developer Esso Highlands Limited, the Hiri District Government, and community members from the four villages. The initiatives and broader background of the developer’s impact mitigation and community support are also outlined, mostly based on the developer’s publicly $9$-,$?,/&056(%/3*$*-53&;)//&I/6*-53&_=G

S2/&6536,(0-3C&)/6*-53&?+-/X@&+/6$:*(+/)&*2/&5(*65%/)&5#&the LNG Impact Listening Project, including summaries of a stakeholder workshop that brought the three stakeholder groups together with project partners to discuss the draft report, and a separate meeting of the LNG Impact Listening Project’s partners and other PNG civil society organisations to discuss potential follow-up initiatives.

6

1.0 Introduction

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Map reproduced with permission from ExxonMobil.

C A U T I O N B A Y

R o k u ( I d l e r s ) B a y

Redscar Head

Boera Head

Haidana Island

FAIRFAXHARBOUR

TafanaIsland

PORTMORESBYHARBOUR

Bogi

Port Moresby

CENTRAL PROVINCE

NATIONAL CAPITAL DISTRICT

Roku

Kido

Papa

Boera

Lea Lea

Porebada

Kouderika

485000

485000

490000

490000

495000

495000

500000

500000

505000

505000

510000

510000

515000

515000

520000

520000

525000

525000

8955

000

8955

000

8960

000

8960

000

8965

000

8965

000

8970

000

8970

000

8975

000

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000

Distribution of health facilities within the vicinity of the LNG Facilities site

APPDENGCKDDWGREVABC

REVISION DESCRIPTIONUTM Zone 55 South (WGS84)PNG LNG PROJECT

0 1 2 3 4 5

Kilometers

Scale 1:150,000 @ A4

DATE

GIS NUMBER: WR_2359

19.07.11 For Information Only SV CR AR

LEGEND

Village

LNG Plant layout

Road

LNG Plant bypass road

PNG LNG Project proposedpipelines alignment

LNG lease line fence

LNG Plant security fence

Onshore lease boundary

Marine exclusion zone

Province boundary

B i s m a r k S e a

S o l o m o n S e a

C o r a l S e a

Lihir Is.New

Ireland

New Britain

Australia

Gulf of Papua

Lae

Madang

PortMoresby

Papua New Guinea

HEALTH FACILITIES

Health centre/hospital

Aid Post

Location of PNG LNG plant



2.0 Background

The PNG LNG plant site is located on the coast of Central Province, in between the villages of Boera and Papa, approximately 15km from Port Moresby. The plant site is also known as “Portion 152”, the name of the lease of the land. The land is registered as state land and has been leased by the Government of Papua New Guinea to the developer. This lease is subject to an ongoing court case initiated by a number of villagers.

The PNG LNG Project involves the movement of compressed hydrocarbon gas from existing oil and gas ./,0)&-3&*2/&L-C2,$30)&5#&K$:($&E/1&A(-3/$&*2+5(C2&$&:-:/,-3/&;$6+5))&,$30&$30&)(?%$+-3/=&*5&:+56/))-3C&and storage facilities at Portion 152. The building of the processing plant facility requires a range of utilities and infrastructure, including a temporary camp to house approximately 7,500 personnel during the construction phase, and an operations camp for approximately 250 operations and maintenance personnel. It also includes a helipad, the upgrading of the existing road between the facility and Port Moresby, and the re-routing of the public road around the site. A trestle and causeway will be built to connect the incoming pipeline, and another causeway will 25,0&$&%$*/+-$,)&5##`,5$0-3C&#$6-,-*@&;A5,0%$3&Z[[\>& ::G&abac]=&#5+&)2-:%/3*&5#&*2/&DEA&*5&59/+)/$)&%$+H/*)G&Currently the road upgrades are in progress, a security #/36/&2$)&?//3&/+/6*/0&$+5(30&*2/&$+/$>&$30&*2/&.+)*&6536+/*/&#5+&*2/&:,$3*&1$)&:5(+/0&-3&':+-,&Z[dd&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[dd?=G

The four villages closest to the PNG LNG plant are Lea Lea, Papa, Boera and Porebada. These are within the Hiri R(+$,&D56$,&D/9/,&A59/+3%/3*&;DDA=&$+/$>&12-62&#5+%)&part of Hiri District in Central Province. The LLG has a total :5:(,$*-53&5#&$::+5"-%$*/,@&Ze>[[[&:/5:,/&;Z[[[&6/3)()=G&The 2000 census lists the population in the villages as D/$&D/$&;d>efe=>&K$:$&;\c\=>&N5/+$&;d>]d[=&$30&K5+/?$0$&;a>cd[=G&N@&351>&*2/)/&3(%?/+)&1-,,&2$9/&-36+/$)/0&)-C3-.6$3*,@>&-3&:$+*-6(,$+&-3&K5+/?$0$G&

The area was settled some 200–300 years ago by the %-C+$*-53&5#&*15&:/5:,/)G&S2/&U5-*$&:/5:,/&):,-*&#+5%&*2/&U5-$+-&3/$+&I5C/+-&-3&*2/&2-3*/+,$30&$30&%59/0&)5(*2`1/)*&towards the coast, while coastal Motu people moved west along the coast. The two groups intermarried and today $+/&H3513&$)&*2/&J5*(Ù5-*$&5+&J5*(Ù5-*$?(&:/5:,/&;A500$+0&Z[d[=G&S2/&9-,,$C/)&5#&K5+/?$0$>&N5/+$&$30& D/$&D/$&$+/&J5*(Ù5-*$&$30&*2/&:/5:,/&):/$H&J5*(G& K$:$&-)&-32$?-*/0&?@&%5)*,@&U5-*$?(&:/5:,/&125&):/$H& *2/&U5-*$&,$3C($C/G

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S2/&J5*(Ù5-*$&:/5:,/&1/+/&$%53C&*2/&.+)*&:/5:,/&-3&Papua New Guinea to be contacted by missionaries in the 1870s. Their location in the Port Moresby area meant they have a long experience of interaction with missionaries, colonial administration and government. These interactions 2$9/&-%:$6*/0&2/$9-,@&53&J5*(Ù5-*$&*+$0-*-53$,&6(,*(+/>&leading to the disappearance of many traditional cultural expressions by the end of the colonial period. The administration, missions and other negotiations with inter-marrying foreigners have led to the alienation of large tracts of land. The customary land acquisitions of inter-marrying foreigners in particular were often not recorded and continue to underpin long-running land disputes between villages. On formally acquired lands in the urban area, the growth of informal settlements has led to rising 6536/+3)&59/+&,$30&,5))&$%53C&*2/&J5*(Ù5-*$>&$30&*5&,$30&disputes being taking to court. The fears of loss of land and loss of traditional culture are closely interrelated and amount to a strong sense of social marginalisation among *2/&J5*(Ù5-*$&;A500$+0&Z[d[=G&

Collectively, the four affected villages are known as a gC+//3./,0h&?/6$()/&*2/@&2$9/&35*&/$+,-/+&?//3&/":5)/0&to large-scale resource extraction industries. This means the people have had little experience with establishing -365+:5+$*/0&,$30&C+5(:)&;7DA)=&5+&5*2/+&+/:+/)/3*$*-53$,&5+C$3-)$*-53)&+/,$*/0&*5&,$+C/`)6$,/&?/3/.*`)2$+-3C&$30&compensation arrangements. During PNG LNG Project ?/3/.*`)2$+-3C&3/C5*-$*-53)&-3&Z[[\>&*15&0-##/+/3*&C+5(:)&were competing to represent the landowners of the four 9-,,$C/)&;K5)*&45(+-/+&d&Q(3/&Z[[\=G&S2-)&+/)(,*/0&-3&$&dispute between two umbrella landowner companies: NRKK&$30&D$?$&L5,0-3C)&;K5)*&45(+-/+&_&b&f&Q(,@&Z[[\=G

On 30 January 2010, a serious clash between Porebada and Boera villagers led to the deaths of four men from Porebada. The initial disagreement was linked to long-standing animosities over land between Boera and Porebada. On that day, villagers from Porebada had stopped the work of Curtain Brothers, one of the PNG LNG Project contractors, arguing they had crossed the agreed boundary. Boera youth drove past in a truck and began arguing with the villagers. The following day, matters got out of hand and resulted in the deaths. A 3(%?/+&5#&25()/)&1/+/&?(+3*&0513&-3&N5/+$&;K5)*&45(+-/+&d&</?+($+@&Z[d[=G&S2/&-36-0/3*&)256H/0&*2/&3$*-53&$30&*2/&:/5:,/&-3&*2/&9-,,$C/)>&$)&*2/&J5*(Ù5-*$&+/C$+0&themselves as a peaceful people and incidents such as this have been rare.

2.0 Background Cont.

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The LNG Impact Listening Project methodology drew on the methodology used in a listening project initiated ?@&*2/&VI`?$)/0&353`C59/+3%/3*&5+C$3-)$*-53&48'&Collaborative Learning Projects.

A core element of the LNG Impact Listening Project was the partnership between a number of civil society and community-based organisations that are based in or work with the four communities.

The LNG Impact Listening Project partners were:& ^&&K$:($&L$2-3/& ^&&4/3*+$,&K+59-36/&45(36-,&5#&O5%/3& ^&&R/0&4+5))& ^&&I$,9$*-53&'+%@& ^&&V3-*/0&42(+62& ^&&V3-*/0&42(+62&O5%/3B)&</,,51)2-:&

;#+5%&*2/&#5(+&65%%(3-*-/)=

The methodology also drew on participatory action research techniques, in that people from the communities, as well as members of various civil society organisations, were part of the listening teams that went to the communities to hear people’s views on the impacts of the PNG LNG Project.

The LNG Impact Listening Project was designed to especially bring out the voices of youth2 and women ;-3-*-$,&0-)6())-53)&1-*2&:$+*3/+&5+C$3-)$*-53)&+/9/$,/0& $&9-/1&*2$*&15%/3B)&95-6/)&2$0&35*&?//3&)(#.6-/3*,@& 2/$+0&-3&*2/&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*&3/C5*-$*-53)=G&&

The focus on women was achieved in two ways: most of the listening team members were women, and more than half of the people listened to were women. Drawing out the perceptions of young people was more challenging. In most of the villages, many of the young people are employed at the PNG LNG plant site or are being trained by the PNG LNG Project. This meant that many were not in the villages during the day when the listening teams visited. Nevertheless, more than 200 young people were interviewed as part of the project.

The LNG Impact Listening Project began with an analysis of relevant literature on the four villages and the PNG LNG Project. Newspaper articles, anthropological sources, and the PNG LNG Project’s publicly available documentation were reviewed. A series of meetings was held with partner organisations and other people with knowledge of the four communities.

Based on this background analysis, options for community entry strategies and potential risks were set out and discussed. A risk assessment table was created and continuously updated throughout the project. A reference group was set up to provide feedback at various points in time. Risks to project team members, the community, and Oxfam staff were considered.

Before the community visits, listening project team members were brought together for a day of training. They discussed how to listen to people’s views of the impact of the PNG LNG Project, how to deal with potentially sensitive issues, and how to take notes and work in small teams. Issues such as potential bias and “research fatigue” were also discussed.

The listening teams comprised people from Oxfam ;-36,(0-3C&!"#$%&W5(*2&'6*-53&K$+*3/+)=3, Papua Hahine, the Central Province Council of Women, and the PNG Red 4+5))G&S2/@&$,)5&-36,(0/0&15%/3&#+5%&*2/&V3-*/0&42(+62&Women’s Fellowship from the communities. Most of the team members were from Central Province. Twenty people were divided into four teams that visited the four villages over the course of three days.

What people heard during community visits was discussed at the end of each day, and emerging themes were noted. After the community visits, the team members were brought back together for a day of note collating. Examples of what people had heard were written up and placed in different thematic categories. The team then discussed each of these categories in turn. In addition to listening to the voices of people in the communities, the project coordinator held interviews with Hiri District Government and Esso Highlands Limited personnel.

Based on the information collected in this manner, a draft report was prepared and circulated before the stakeholder workshop. This one-day workshop brought together the LNG Impact Listening Project partners with representatives from the developer and Hiri District Government to discuss the themes that had emerged from the project. This stakeholder workshop was followed by a morning meeting of the LNG Impact Listening Project partners with a broader group of civil society organisations interested in the project. At this meeting it was discussed how organisations may want to follow up on the LNG Impact D-)*/3-3C&K+5F/6*B)&5(*65%/)G&'&.3$,&0+$#*&+/:5+*&1$)&*2/3&circulated for a last round of comments.

3.0 Methodology

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4.0 Scope

The LNG Impact Listening Project was not conceived as a standard research project. Although the collection of information and the writing of a report were part of the project, the capacity development of civil society and community-based organisations was considered equally important. The aim of the project was not to present a conclusive picture of the impacts of the PNG LNG Project. Instead, it was to empower civil society and community-based organisations to listen to and help voice people’s perceptions of such impacts, and to help them discuss these impacts with PNG LNG Project decision-makers. This report documents the views heard during the project.

The listening teams held informal conversations with a +$305%&)/,/6*-53&5#&:/5:,/&-3&*2/&65%%(3-*-/)&;12-,/&#5,,51-3C&6()*5%$+@&:+5*565,)&$+5(30&65%%(3-*@&9-)-*)=G&Some of these conversations were held with individuals, some in small groups. The conversations did not include questionnaires or other lists of previously established questions. Rather, open conversations were initiated by asking people about their views of the impacts — both positive and negative — of the PNG LNG Project in their communities. The teams spoke to 730 people, with half of these in Porebada, which is substantially larger than the other villages.

Conversations were driven by what people wanted to */,,&()>&12-62&%/$3)&*2$*&12$*&-)&+/X/6*/0&-3&*2-)&+/:5+*&cannot be a conclusive assessment of all impacts. 73)*/$0>&*2-)&+/:5+*&+/X/6*)&*2/&*2/%/)&*2$*&6$%/&5(*&5#&the conversations held by the listening teams. It does not represent all perspectives, but aims to highlight the issues that were consistently raised in the four communities.

The listening team members asked about positive and negative impacts, but people often focused on the negative -%:$6*)>&/":+/))-3C&*2/-+&6536/+3)&.+)*&$30&#5+/%5)*G&In addition, because the listening teams visited the communities during the day, it is likely that fewer people that work for the PNG LNG Project were spoken to, as they were not always in the community during the day.

S2-)&+/:5+*&$,)5&+/X/6*)&*2/&9-/1)&$30&-3-*-$*-9/)&5#&government and the PNG LNG Project developer to help manage these impacts. However, this report should not ?/&+/$0&$)&$3&$))/))%/3*&5#&)(62&-3-*-$*-9/)G&N@&+/X/6*-3C&the views and initiatives of these different stakeholders, the report aims to be a basis for discussion around the impacts of the PNG LNG Project, and how communities could be helped by civil society in managing impacts and expectations. Discussion of the impacts of the PNG LNG Project is also an important part of the developer’s impact mitigation and community support initiatives.

Due to its size and exposure in Papua New Guinea, the PNG LNG Project has raised high expectations. Its impact 53&65%%(3-*-/)&2$)&,/0&*5&*/3)-53)&59/+&,$30&;5#*/3&C+5(30/0&-3&5,0/+&0-):(*/)=>&$30&?+5(C2*&*2/&3//0&#5+&communities to organise themselves in new ways, which has lead to or exacerbated existing divisions in some instances. Throughout the project, potential risks and sensitivities were analysed and discussed to ensure the 653X-6*&)/3)-*-9-*@&5#&*2/&:+5F/6*G

Men Woman Young Men Young Women Totals

Porebada 51 161 91 82 385

Boera 20 27 21 15 83

Papa 29 77 4 3 113

Lea Lea 15 120 3 11 149

115 385 119 111 730

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Number of people listened to



The impact of the PNG LNG Project on these four communities needs to be placed within a broader context of change in Papua New Guinea. Broader development processes have brought the growth of Port Moresby nearby and introduced a monetary economy. These developments have brought and continue to bring changes to these communities. Some of the impacts mentioned by people can be attributed directly to the PNG LNG Project, while others may also be linked to a broader context of change.

Behind the question of attribution lie questions of responsibility to address or mitigate impacts. This report does not draw conclusions about which impacts should be addressed by the developer or other stakeholders. 73)*/$0>&*2/&%$-3&-%:$6*&*2/%/)&+/X/6*/0&2/+/&$+/&%/$3*&to form the basis for further discussion and potential action on the part of the developer, civil society organisations, the government and communities. Such discussion was initiated through the stakeholder workshop held as part 5#&*2/&DEA&7%:$6*&D-)*/3-3C&K+5F/6*&;)//&I/6*-53&\=G

5.0 Impact, attribution and responsibility

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12

6.0 The PNG LNG Project’s engagement with the villages

Government regulations, international frameworks, project ,/30/+&5+&.3$36-/+&+/Y(-+/%/3*)&$30&65%:$3-/)B&-3*/+3$,&policies set out a number of requirements for resource extraction companies. The aim is to ensure company activities do not harm the environment or people.

To comply with such regulations, the developer has initiated a number of studies related to social and environmental impact assessments. These have included archeological research, a household survey, $3&/"$%-3$*-53&5#&15%/3B)&-))(/)&$30&$&*+$#.6&)(+9/@G&In addition, an elaborate health impact assessment was piloted in 2008 and continues today, implemented by the Institute for Medical Research. In 2008, a social mapping $30&,$30513/+&-0/3*-.6$*-53&:+56/))&1$)&$,)5&(30/+*$H/3&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[[\$>&62$:*/+&df=G&'&6(,*(+$,&heritage salvage program began in September 2009, 1-*2&$6*-9-*-/)&/30-3C&-3&J$+62&Z[d[&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[?>&:G&e[=G&J5+/&+/6/3*,@>&)(+9/@)&5#&.)2&6$*62&,$30-3C)&2$9/&?//3&(30/+*$H/3&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[6>&:G&Zd=>&$30&*2/&0/9/,5:/+&2$)&6530(6*/0&$&:+5F/6*`-30(6/0&%-C+$*-53&)*(0@&*5&-39/)*-C$*/&-%:$6*)&):/6-.6&*5&:5:(,$*-53&-3X("&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[?>&:G&Za=G&

These studies underpin a framework of environmental and social impact mitigation commitments, which are )(?F/6*&*5&-30/:/30/3*&+/9-/1&?@&*2/&C+5(:&5#&,/30/+)&;)//&8B'::5,53-$&Z[d[&i&Z[dd=G&<$6-,-*$*/0&?@&*2/&0/9/,5:/+B)&9-,,$C/&,-$-)53&$30&65%%(3-*@&$##$-+)&5#.6/+)>&125&$+/&from the villages, there are frequent communications between the developer and the communities, with a )*+53C&/%:2$)-)&53&)$#/*@&%/))$C/)&;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0>&]&Q(3/&Z[dd=G

'#*/+&)5%/&-3-*-$,&0/,$@)&;8B'::5,53-$&Z[d[>&:G&f]=>&$&grievance mechanism has also been established. Issues are raised either informally or through meetings. The 9-,,$C/&,-$-)53&5#.6/+)&5+&65%%(3-*@&,-$-)53&5#.6/+)&*2/3&note this in a form, which is submitted to the developer’s community liaison team at the PNG LNG plant site. The concerns are then delegated to the appropriate people, and logged in an information management system. How this happens and who is involved in this process depends 53&*2/&-))(/&;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0>&]&Q(3/&Z[dd=G&73&*2/&.+)*&Y($+*/+&5#&Z[dd>&*2/&%5)*&65%%53&categories of grievances related to business development and participation in the construction phase of the project as well as land compensation and ownership grievances ;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[dd$>&:G&dZ=G

The PNG LNG Project has helped to establish Laba L5,0-3C)&$)&*2/&(%?+/,,$&,$30513/+&65+:5+$*-53&;D'E4!=&to coordinate the separate companies in each of the

9-,,$C/)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[?>&:G&d\=G&P$62&of the four villages has a 25% stake in Laba Holdings, and two members from each community sit on the Laba Holdings Board. In turn, Laba Holdings has established joint ventures with other companies to contract work in security, catering and in-camp maintenance services. Laba Holdings looks after the hiring of labour from the four villages as well as from other parts of PNG ;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0>&]&Q(3/&Z[dd=G

The developer has established a construction training facility within the Port Moresby Technical College. Since training began in April 2010, 355 men and 84 women from *2/&#5(+&9-,,$C/)&2$9/&C+$0($*/0&1-*2&6/+*-.6$*/)&-3&6-9-,&and building construction, scaffolding and mechanical/piping in preparation for employment at the PNG LNG plant site. Another training centre in Port Moresby is training 75 men and women who will work in plant operation and management during the production phase ;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[/>&:G&d[=G&S5&#(+*2/+&#$6-,-*$*/&business development, the developer has established the Enterprise Centre with the PNG Institute of Banking and Business. It conducts business-related training and provides business advisory services. The Enterprise Centre has held a series of workshops that introduced 600 business people to the PNG LNG plant and marine #$6-,-*-/)&653*+$6*5+&;I2-@50$=>&$30&-*)&)(?`653*+$6*5+)>&to learn more about them and potential business 5::5+*(3-*-/)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[0>&:G&df=G&More recently, the Enterprise Centre has extended some of its services to the four villages to assist in business 0/9/,5:%/3*&)H-,,)&)(62&$)&6$)2&X51>&?(0C/*-3C&$30&0/9/,5:-3C&?()-3/))&:,$3)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0& Z[dd$>&:Gdd=G

Various forms of community development assistance have been provided, often in partnership with civil society organisations. For example, in Papa the developer is helping the Salvation Army to upgrade its clinic. It has also provided medical equipment and supplies to the Papa $30&K5+/?$0$&$-0&:5)*)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[6>&::G&ZabZc=G&')&:$+*&5#&*2/&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*B)&)*+$*/C-6&community investments, a replacement of the footbridge across the river near Lea Lea is being designed, with the intention of hiring local village workers to undertake the ?+-0C/15+H)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[/>&:G&Ze=G&'*&*2/&end of 2010, non-government organisations Population Services International and Marie Stopes PNG entered into agreements with the PNG LNG Project to educate people about family planning and sexual and reproductive health ;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[/>&:G&ZZ=G

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Longer-term community support plans focus on social resilience, local economic development and community capacity building and partnerships. For example, to promote social resilience, the developer has initiated the development of a series of children’s books that aims to educate children about different cultures within the project impact area. To support local economic development, the developer has joined with Cashew International Limited to )(::5+*&6$)2/1&:+50(6*-53&-3&*2/&#5(+&9-,,$C/)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[dd$>&::G&debd\=G

To underpin these community support mechanisms, a community mapping exercise was completed in 2010 and visioning exercises begun with community leaders to help them to organise +/:+/)/3*$*-9/&C59/+3$36/&65%%-**//)&;P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[/>&:G&Zf=G&O5+H-3C&6,5)/,@&1-*2&*2/&DDA&1$+0&0/9/,5:%/3*&committees, community support aims to help the communities help themselves. Sub-committees on various topics have been established, for example the school committees, and the in-migration committees, which discuss population changes and land-use planning.

“In Lea Lea the sub-committee on in-migration has done a physical map of the village to look at the land that is available. We have only acted as facilitators to help the communities !"#"$%&'(%)%&*#+,-&*)),%).& ;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0>&]&Q(3/&Z[dd=G Esso Highlands Limited community affairs personnel noted how:

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dd=G

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14

7.0 The view from Hiri District Government

L-+-&8-)*+-6*&A59/+3%/3*&5#.6-$,)&/":+/))/0&6536/+3)&59/+&the sustainability of some of the initiatives related to the PNG LNG Project. For example, after the construction phase, the numbers of employed people will be scaled down. Who will be responsible for community support after the PNG LNG Project is constructed: the Central Province Government or the developer? /;(%7%&*)&3,7&2"7'&"#5&'(%*7&2"7'&*#&5%"1*#$&4*'(&'(%&2%321%&3#&'(%&$73,#5L.&$)H/0&C59/+3%/3*&5#.6-$,), adding “our )%76*0%)&("6%&=%%#&36%7133F%5>&'(%&6*11"$%7)&#34&'%11&,)&53#<'&43778>&'(%&?AM&DN73O%0'E&4*11&133F&"K'%7&,). ;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&L-+-&8-)*+-6*&A59/+3%/3*>&Z_&J$@&Z[dd=G

A link was drawn between this question and the way in 12-62&*2/&?/3/.*`)2$+-3C&$C+//%/3*)&1/+/&3/C5*-$*/0G&The Central Province Government was not part of these 3/C5*-$*-53)G&7#&-*&2$0&?//3>&*2/&.9/`@/$+&0/9/,5:%/3*&:,$3&of the Hiri District Government may have been integrated, as the administration had hoped the PNG LNG Project 15(,0&?/&$&%$F5+&#(30-3C&)5(+6/&;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&L-+-&8-)*+-6*&A59/+3%/3*>&Z_&J$@&Z[dd=G

Concern was also expressed about the number of teachers that had stopped teaching to start work for the PNG LNG Project. In addition, they pointed to the social problems they believed would follow:

“When the money increases so does alcohol consumption. C'(%7)&4*11&#3'&("6%&!3#%8>&1*F%&)',5%#')>&)*#$1%&!3'(%7)9&:(%8&4*11&=%&133F*#$&K37&)3!%&3K&'("'&!3#%89&:(%7%&"17%"58&*)&!,0(&1"41%))#%))&*#&N37%="5"&"#5&P3%7">&"#5&'(%&83,#$&2%321%&4*11&=%&'(%&!"*#&3KK%#5%7)9&:(%7%&*)&"1)3&%6*5%#0%&3K&'(%&*#+,-&3K&K37%*$#%7)&*#'3&'(%&"7%">&4(3)%&0,)'3!)&"7%&6%78&5*KK%7%#'. ;-3*/+9-/1&1-*2&L-+-&8-)*+-6*&A59/+3%/3*>&Z&Q(3/&Z[dd=G

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8.0 What we heard in the communities

S2-)&)/6*-53&+/X/6*)&12$*&1/&2/$+0&-3&*2/&65%%(3-*-/)&when the listening teams asked people about their views of the positive and negative impacts or changes resulting from the PNG LNG Project. These views are organised thematically and illustrated through various examples to +/X/6*>&$)&%(62&$)&:5))-?,/>&*2/&1$@&-3&12-62&:/5:,/&spoke about these matters.

Employment at the PNG LNG plant site was seen as a major impact in that it brought many positive changes to the community. However, people also raised questions about training and employment, the income employment generates, and the changes it is seen to bring to community life. Other impacts mentioned related to the environment, outsiders coming into the communities, land -))(/)&$30&*2/&0-)*+-?(*-53&5#&%53/*$+@&?/3/.*)G&K+5%-)/)&and expectations were also important concerns raised by many people.

8.1 Employment and trainingEmployment and training provided through the PNG LNG Project were the main positive impacts mentioned by many people, in particular in terms of the changes in income that have resulted.

/&P%K37%>&'(%7%&4")&"&1"0F&3K&Q#"#0%9&@K'%7&$7"5%&'%#&2%321%&)'"8%5&*#&'(%&6*11"$%9&A34&'(%7%&*)&1"=3,7>&0("#$%)&*#&*#03!%9. - Man from Lea Lea

“ I am happy of the development taking place because of '(%&83,#$&!%#&"#5&83,#$&43!%#&4(3&4%7%&#3'&437F*#$&"7%&"17%"58&437F*#$&"#5&%"7#*#$&!3#%8&'3&K%%5&'(%*7&2"7%#')&"#5&!%!=%7)&*#&'(%&K"!*18&4*'(&'(%&!3#%8&'(%8&"7%&$%''*#$&%6%78&2"8&5"89.&`&W5(3C&15%$3&#+5%&N5/+$

:(%&?AM&N73O%0'&(")&2736*5%5&'7"*#*#$&'(73,$(&*')&'7"*#*#$&2736*5%7&NCRB:S>&'3&'7"*#&03!!,#*'8&83,#$&!%#&"#5&43!%#&K37&O3=)&*#&'(%&273O%0'&)*'%9 - Women from Lea Lea

Some women also mentioned the free medical examinations that are conducted before workers are hired as a positive impact, as they exposed “sickness hidden 3#&'(%&*#)*5%.. Other people mentioned the local business opportunities as a result of the plant site construction work, for example in transport.

However, people also expressed a number of concerns related to employment and training, and the way some PNG LNG Project employees are using the money they earn:

:(%&83,#$&!%#&4(3&"7%&=%*#$&%!2138%5&"7%&#3'&,)*#$&'(%*7&4"$%)&*#&'(%&7*$('&!"##%79&:(%8&$%'&57,#F&%6%78&4%%F%#5&K73!&S7*5"8&'3&T,#5"8&#*$('>&%6%#&R3#5"8&morning. `&W5(3C&15%/3&#+5%&N5/+$

Others expressed doubts or were not clear about the recruitment practices being used to employ people from the villages:

“No good feedback from the Laba company in relation '3&%!2138!%#'&3K&P3%7"&83,'()9&A3'&),7%&4(%'(%7&7%07,*'!%#'&*)&53#%&*#&"&0377%0'&"#5&2732%7&!"##%79&N7*37*'8&!,)'&=%&$*6%#&'3&'(%&1"#534#%7)9.&H Woman from Boera

N%321%&K73!&'(%&3,')*5%&"7%&%!2138%5&=3'(&")&1"=3,7%7)&"#5&(*$(18&)F*11%5&2%321%9&R3)'&3K&3,7&(*$(&)F*11%5&1"=3,7%7)&"7%&)'*11&,#%!2138%59&S37%*$#%7)&"7%&'"F*#$&'(%&(*$(&)F*11%5&positions. - Men from Lea Lea

;(8&"7%&4%&5%27*6%5&3K&3,7&7*$(')&'3&%!2138!%#'L&;("'&are the criteria used? `&W5(3C&%/3&#+5%&K5+/?$0$

/:(%&)%1%0'*3#&*)&=*")%5U&#3&3#%&*#&!8&K"!*18&*)&437F*#$9.- Woman from Porebada

Concerns were also expressed about the salaries being paid and working conditions:

/:(%&437F%7)&"7%&,#5%72"*5I&O,)'&1*F%&"#8&375*#"78&437F!"#&*#&'34#>&4(*1%&'(%&DNAME&?AM&DN73O%0'E&*)&'(%&=*$$%)'&*#&'(%&03,#'789.&H&Man from Lea Lea

:(%&4"$%&7"'%&K37&'(%&,#)F*11%5&1"=3,7%7)&*)&#3'&K"*7&03!2"7%5&'3&'(%&437F13"5&'(%8&"7%&53*#$&3#&'(%&437F&)*'%9- Women from Boera

/:(%&83,'(&'("'&"7%&437F*#$&03!21"*#&"=3,'&'(%&("75&437F&"#5&'(%&)"1"78>&'(%8&437F&)%6%#&5"8)&2%7&4%%F&*#&03#)'7,0'*3#&"#5&$%#%7"1&1"=3,79&:(%*7&03#'7"0')&"7%&4*'(&the contractor companies but they are being paid by Laba DV315*#$)E9&;(%#&'(%8&Q7)'&)'"7'%5&437F&'(%8&$3'&2"*5&WXXYZXX&DF*#"E>&#34&'(%8&$%'&3#18&[XX&DF*#"E9&:(%&7"'%)&=%'4%%#&'(%&'7"*#%%)&'("'&1"'%7&437F&"#5&'(3)%&'("'&"7%&(*7%5&5*7%0'18&"7%&5*KK%7%#'9&N%321%&'(*#F&'(*)&*)&=%0",)%&'(%&money for the trainees goes through Laba and they get less. Why are they contracted to other companies but Laba pays them? The employees have already been on strike '43&37&'(7%%&'*!%)&=%0",)%&3K&'(%)%&*)),%)9. `&W5(3C&%$3&#+5%&D/$&D/$

/:(%&3,')*5%7)&03!*#$&*#'3&'(%&NAM&?AM&N73O%0'&"7%&"1134%5&*#&'(%&!%))9&;%&D")&%!2138%%)E&"7%&#3'&"1134%5&*#&'(%&!%))9&C,7&1,#0(%)&"7%&$*6%#&*#&'(%&32%#&21"0%)9.- Man from Porebada

Some people also noted how the work was affecting their family life:

\!2138%%)&5%2"7'&6%78&%"718&*#&'(%&!37#*#$&K37&437F&"#5&03!%&(3!%&1"'%9&],"1*'8&K"!*18&1*K%&#3'&'(%7%&#349- Women from Papa

/@'&'(%&%#5&3K&'(%&5"8&G&"!&)3&'*7%5>&G&K%%1&437#&3,'9&G&53#<'&("6%&'*!%&4*'(&!8&0(*157%#9&P,'&'(%&4"$%)>&*'&53%)#<'&!"'0(&'(%&437F&G&"!&53*#$9. - Man from Porebada

Many people noted that employment in construction on the PNG LNG plant site was only temporary, and expressed concern about the future:

:(%&%!2138!%#'&*)&$335>&=,'&3#18&K37&'43&37&'(7%%&8%"7)&5,7*#$&'(%&03#)'7,0'*3#&2(")%9&:(%#&'(%)%&!%#&4*11&03!%&="0F&"#5&)*'&*#&'(%&6*11"$%&4*'(3,'&"#8'(*#$&'3&53&4(*1%&'(%&273O%0'&*)&7*$('&3#&3,7&1"#59 - Men from Lea Lea

They should provide training on trades to enable them to have future employment. - Women from Porebada

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8.0 What we heard in the communities Cont.

:(%&'7"*#*#$&*)&3#18&K37&)*-&4%%F)>&*'&*)&#3'&%#3,$(&"#5&3#18&*#&)"K%'89&:(%7%&*)&)3!%&0"72%#'78>&=,'&*'&*)&'33&)(37'9&;%&4"#'&'(%!&'3&=%&273K%))*3#"1&0"72%#'%7)>&'3&$"*#&"&0%7'*Q0"'%&)3&'(%8&0"#&437F&%1)%4(%7%&"K'%74"75)9 - Men from Lea Lea

8.2 Changes in livelihoods and community lifePeople pointed to the positive consequences of there being more money in the village, in particular for community fundraising activities.

/;%&"7%&!"F*#$&!37%&K,#57"*)*#$&!3#%8&K73!&437F%7)&K73!& '(%&?AM&N73O%0'9.&- Woman from Lea Lea

:(*)&?AM&N73O%0'&(")&*!2736%5&'(%&1*6*#$&)'81%Y)'"#5"75&*#& the village setting.&`&W5(3C&15%/3&#+5%&N5/+$

:(%&?AM&N73O%0'&(")&2736*5%5&%!2138!%#'&32237',#*'*%)&"#5&'(%8&"7%&#34&%"7#*#$&!3#%8&'3&"))*)'&'(%&03!!,#*'8&=8&$*6*#$&back in church activities and community fundraising. - Women from Lea Lea

But there were also concerns. One of these was related to people swapping their roles within the community for work at the plant site:

There are no teachers at schools as most of them have been %!2138%5&=8&'(%&273O%0'>&4(*0(&(")&7%),1'%5&*#&'(%&)0(331&being closed in the village. - Men and women from Papa

?"4&"#5&375%7&*)&#3'&0"77*%5&3,'&2732%718Y0377%0'18&5,%&'3&'(%&%-2%7*%#0%5&3#%)&=%*#$&%#$"$%5&=8&'(%&NAM&?AM&N73O%0'9- Women from Porebada

Another concern, in particular in the villages of Lea Lea and Papa that are further away from Port Moresby, was the limited transport options:

NR^&34#%7)&1%")%5&'(%*7&6%(*01%)&'3&'(%&273O%0'&"#5&)3&'(%&03!!,#*'8&*)&("6*#$&'7"#)237'&5*KQ0,1'*%)&*#&"#5&3,'&3K&'(%&village. Due to this problem the population is missing out on education and income-earning opportunities. - Women and men from Papa

Less tangible were the concerns expressed about the changes to people’s lifestyles in the community, coupled with the concern that traditions might be lost:

/T3!%'*!%)&G&'(*#F&*'&*)&=%''%7&4%&53&#3'&("6%&'(*)&?AM&'(*#$& and [instead] like before the marine life and the tradition. C,7&*#(%7*'"#0%&4*11&"11&D=%E&$3#%&=%K37%&4%&7%"1*)%&*'>&4%<11&=%&078*#$&36%7&)2*1'&!*1F9. - Man from Boera

/;%&53#<'&4"#'&'3&0("#$%&'(%&1*K%)'81%>&4%&4"#'&'3&!"*#'"*#&3,7&0,1',7%9. - Woman from Lea Lea

A3&!37%&$"75%#*#$>&#3&!37%&(,#'*#$9&_3,#$&$%#%7"'*3#&4*11&#3'&F#34&'(%&'7"5*'*3#"1&"#5&0,1',7"1&)F*11)&"#5&'(%&!%'(35)&3K&hunting and gardening. - Women from Porebada

“Changing lifestyle of the younger generation. They are no 13#$%7&,#5%7&'(%&03#'731&3K&%15%7)&"#5&2"7%#')9. - Woman from Boera

People mentioned especially the changes to livelihoods related *5&.)2-3C>&C$+0/3-3C&$30&2(3*-3Cj

/S37&3,7&1*6%1*(335>&4%&7%18&3#&'(%&%#6*73#!%#'U&'(%&!"#$736%)>&3,7&Q)(>&!,5&07"=)>&23)')&DK37&=,*15*#$&(3,)%)&"#5&K%#0*#$E9&:(%&273O%0'&(")&'"F%#&'("'&"4"8&K73!&,)9&:(%8&"7%&%)'"=1*)(*#$&"&=,KK%7&"73,#5&3,7&!"*#&Q)(*#$&$73,#5)9&;%&13)%&economically. They are going to compensate us by providing %!2138!%#'>&=,'&3#18&K37&"&4(*1%9. - Man from Boera

Hunting and gardening grounds are used and eventually 4*11&,)%&,2&'(%&1"#59&M"75%#)&"7%&036%7%5&4*'(&5,)'&"#5&,#(%"1'(8&"#5&,#=%"7"=1%&'3&437F&*#9 - Men and women from Porebada

“We are not saying it is bad. To be frank, it has brought a lot of good things — employment generation, developing agriculture. N%321%&0"#&)%11&'(%*7&Q)(&7*$('&(%7%&=%0",)%&'(%&83,#$&2%321%&'("'&"7%&437F*#$&"7%&=,8*#$&'(%&Q)(&(%7%9. - Man from Lea Lea

/NAM&?AM&03!!,#*'8&5%6%132!%#'&3KQ0%7)&"7%&'78*#$&'3&(%12&`&4%&("6%&),=H03!!*''%%)&'("'&("6%&=%%#&K37!%5&3#&1"4&"#5&375%7>&(%"1'(>&"$7*0,1',7%9&:(%8&(%12&4*'(&"$7*0,1',7"1&F#341%5$%&3#&Q)(*#$>&(%"1'(>&37$"#*)*#$&'3*1%')9&:(%7%&"7%&aa&groups in total; the councillor is trying to get people together. :(%&b,%)'*3#&*)&(34&'3&Q#5&K,#5*#$>&"#5&'(%&K7*0'*3#&*)&)'*11&'(%7%&`&2%321%&"7%&#3'&437F*#$&'3$%'(%79. - Woman from Lea Lea

According to some, the PNG LNG Project and its associated processes of organisations and structures have created divisions in the community, or exacerbated existing disagreements:

/P%0",)%&3K&'(%&NAM&?AM&N73O%0'&)3!%&3K&'(%&01"#)&37&%6%#&K"!*1*%)&("6%&=73F%#&,29&:(%8&$*6%&Q7)'&27%K%7%#0%&'3&'(%*7&*!!%5*"'%&K"!*1*%)&'3&=%&'7"*#%5&'3&437F9&T3!%&"7%&=%*#$&1%K'&3,'&`&("6%&#%6%7&("5&"#8&0("#0%&8%'9.& `&W5(3C&%$3&#+5%&K5+/?$0$

Community, families and everyone have no trust for each other =%0",)%&3K&'(%&?AM&N73O%0'9&`&W5(3C&%/3&#+5%&K$:$

/N7*37&'3&'(%&273O%0'&4%&4%7%&3#%>&#34&'(%7%&"7%&5*6*)*3#)9& ;%&"7%&'78*#$&'3&=7*#$&'(%&'43&$73,2)&'3$%'(%79. - Woman from Lea Lea

/G&=%1*%6%&'(%7%&4")&#3&"00,7"'%&$%#%"13$8&27%)%#'%5&'(%7%K37%&*'&(")&=73,$('&5*6*)*3#)&"!3#$)'&K"!*1*%)9. - Woman from Boera

8.3 Social issuesMany people pointed to social issues such as alcohol abuse and adultery as worrying impacts of the PNG LNG Project. As noted elsewhere, people thought too much of the money earned from PNG LNG Project employment was spent on alcohol:

/:(%&?AM&N73O%0'&(")&=73,$('&5%6%132!%#'&=,'&4*11&"1)3&0",)%&)30*"1&273=1%!)&1*F%&57*#F*#$9. - Woman from Lea Lea

/V"228&'("'&'(*)&273O%0'&*)&=%*#$&03#)'7,0'%5&3#&3,7&34#&1"#5>&but it has also brought social problems to the village. Young =38)&"#5&!%#&53#<'&=%("6%&4(%#&,#5%7&D'(%&*#+,%#0%&3KE&1*b,379&;3!%#&53#<'&K%%1&)"K%&4(%#&4"1F*#$&2")'&'(%!&c57,#F"75)d9.- Woman from Boera

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:(3)%&437F*#$&"'&'(%&?AM&21"#'&)*'%&("6%&K37$3''%#&"11&"=3,'&Q)(*#$&"#5&$"75%#*#$9&@11&'(%8&"*!&'3&53&*)&57*#F&,2&'(%*7&S7*5"8&#*$('&!3#%8&"#5&=7*#$&273=1%!)&*#'3&'(%&K"!*189&:(%8&53#<'&7%)2%0'&T,#5"8>&4(*0(&*)&"&(318&5"89&:(%8&57*#F&S7*5"8&'3&T,#5"89&;%&"7%&'"1F*#$&"=3,'&'(%&!"1%&437F%7)9&:(*)&)23*1'&'(%&)2*7*',"1&1*K%&4*'(*#&'(%&01"#)9- Women from Boera

:(%7%&*)&"&13'&3K&"103(31&#34&)315&*#&'(%&6*11"$%Y=1"0F&market. A lot of drinking alcohol and social issues are on '(%&7*)%9&M*71)&"#5&43!%#&"7%&57*#F*#$&"103(319- Women from Papa

Apart from alcohol abuse, people were also concerned about what may happen between men and women employed at the site:

N7%6*3,)18&6*11"$%&1*K%&4")&2732%7>&$335>&=,'&#34&'(%7%&"7%&)30*"1&273=1%!)9&:(%7%&*)&"5,1'%78&"'&'(%&)*'%9&P"0F&"'&'(%&6*11"$%>&57,$&"#5&"103(31>&=,'&'(%&"5,1'%78&*)&'(%&437)'&problem, problems in broken marriages. Not much is done to tackle this. - Women from Lea Lea

Others spoke about the impacts on the spiritual life of people in the village, particularly because many PNG LNG Project employees work seven days per week:

T*-&5"8)&%!2138!%#'&"#5&)%6%#'(YT,#5"8&)(3,15&=%&7%)2%0'%5&"#5&F%2'&K37&437)(*2&5"89&A3&437)(*2>&#3&spiritual unity. - Men and women from Papa

;%&"7%&#3'&("228&4(%#&3,7&0(*157%#&"7%&437F*#$&3#&T,#5"8)&`&'("'&*)&'*!%&K37&0(,70(9 - Women from Lea Lea

8.4 Outsiders coming inK/5:,/&$,)5&/":+/))/0&6536/+3&59/+&*2/&-3X("&5#&5(*)-0/+)j

Outsiders coming in renting shops in the village. ?*b,37&)315&e[&(3,7)9&R"F*#$&=,)*#%))&*#&'(%&6*11"$%9- Women from Porebada

C#&'(%&4%%F%#5&3,')*5%7)&'(%8&03!%&*#&4*'(&+")(8&0"7)&`&4%&"7%&03#0%7#%5&"=3,'&3,7&5",$('%7)9&:(%8&=7*#$&"103(31&and come to buy land or make business ventures. They 03!%&=%0",)%&3K&'(%&NAM&?AM&N73O%0'9 - Women from Lea Lea

8.5 Environmental issuesThe environmental impacts people talked about in particular were those they were unsure about:

/:(%&273O%0'&*)&21"##*#$&'3&,)%&5%)"1*#"'*3#>&=,'&'(%7%&*)&4"'%7&#%"7=8&'("'&'(%8&03,15&,)%9&;("'&("22%#)&'3&'(%&)"1'&'("'&*)&1%K'&36%7L. - Man from Lea Lea

“The pipeline may cause the sand to rise especially in "7%")&4(%7%&03#)'7,0'*3#&*)&53#%9&:(%&"4"7%#%))&3#&%#6*73#!%#'"1&*)),%)&3#&2*2%1*#%&*)&#3'&'7,%9.- Man from Boera

/D:(%&NAME&?AM&DN73O%0'E&)(3,15&!"F%&"&)%"&4"11&'3&)'32&the rising of the sea level going to be caused by the gas '"#F%7)&*#&K,',7%9. - Man from Lea Lea

/f,%&'3&03#)'7,0'*3#&3K&'(%&73"5&'(%7%&*)&"&13'&3K&5,)'&4(*0(&0",)%)&(%"68&534#K"11&3K&5,)'&4(*0(&"KK%0')&'(%&$734'(&"#5&=%"7*#$&`&="#"#")>&!"#$3%)&"#5&2"4&2"4)9&M"75%#)&"7%&036%7%5&=8&5,)'I&%6%78&'*!%&4%&$3&'3&Q#5&3,7&$"75%#)&2311,'%59. - Woman from Porebada

8.6 Promises and expectationsMany people spoke about promises that were made early on in the development of the PNG LNG Project, before work started, that had not been kept.

“Improvement in living standards — health and education, *#K7")'7,0',7%>&4"'%7&),2218&)8)'%!&"#5&)"#*'"'*3#&`&"11&*#&agreement but planned activities are not properly carried 3,'9&:7"#)2"7%#08&"#5&"003,#'"=*1*'8&!,)'&=%&%-%70*)%5&=8&"11&4(3&"7%&*#&23)*'*3#)&3K&234%7&'3&%#),7%&'("'&'(%)%&'(*#$)&%6%#',"'%9.&H&Man from Boera

/:(%8&43,15&'7"*#&83,#$&!%#&"#5&43!%#&*#&0%7'"*#&Q%15)&)3&4(%#&'(%&437F&*)&36%7&4*'(&D'(%&NAME&?AM&DN73O%0'E&'(%8&43,15&=%&"=1%&'3&Q#5&O3=)&%1)%4(%7%>&=,'&'(%8&"7%&=%*#$&'7"*#%5&3#18&*#&)"K%'89.&`&W5(3C&%$3&#+5%&K5+/?$0$

\--3#R3=*1&7"*)%5&"4"7%#%))&4*'(&2%321%&*#&'(%&6*11"$%&3#&'(%&=,*15*#$&3K&)0(331)>&(%"1'(&c"*5&23)'d>&4"'%7&),22189&Empty promises. - Women from Papa

/@&13'&(")&=%%#&)"*5&"#5&"$7%%5&"=3,'&(34&'(%&273O%0'&4*11&"KK%0'&'(%)%&*#K7")'7,0',7%)&=,'&4%&"7%&8%'&'3&)%%&'(*#$)&!"'%7*"1*)*#$&`&)0(331>&(%"1'(&0%#'7%>&0(,70(&"#5&73"59.- Man from Boera

@00375*#$&'3&'(%*7&73"5&)(34)&'(%&27*37*'8&4*11&=%&$*6%#& '3&'(%&K3,7&*!2"0'%5&6*11"$%)>&(34%6%7>&'(%7%&"7%&!37%&outsiders employed than us.&`&W5(3C&%/3&#+5%&D/$&D/$

/N73$7%))&*)&6%78&)1349&G&53#<'&F#34&4(89&;%&"7%&#3'&("2289&G'&*)&"17%"58&'(%&'(*75&8%"79&G#&'43&8%"7)&'*!%&'(%&03#)'7,0'*3#&2(")%&4*11&=%&03!21%'%5&"#5&'(%&R3@&"$7%%!%#'&*)&#3'&(3#3,7%5&8%'9. - Man from Boera

!"#$%&'()*+,$-('(.)$/01)+0-2)0&'People expressed a lot of confusion and frustration around *2/&0-)*+-?(*-53&5#&?/3/.*&%53-/)G&'*&*2/&%5%/3*>&*2/&%$-3&#(30)&*5&?/&0-)*+-?(*/0&$+/&)//0&6$:-*$,&;?()-3/))&0/9/,5:%/3*&C+$3*)=&*2$*&2$9/&?//3&:+5%-)/0&?@&government. The main concern was about “middle men” in the distribution chain.

/G&"!&)'*11&4"*'*#$&K37&'(%&)%%5&!3#%8&4(*0(&*)&"17%"58&*#&'(%&("#5&3K&'(%&1%"5%7)9&G&4"#'&'3&)'"7'&,2&"&)!"11&23,1'78&=,)*#%))9. - Woman from Boera

:(%&%-21"#"'*3#&3#&'(%&g9[&!*11*3#&F*#"&)%%5&0"2*'"1&*)&8%'&to be made. Everything about the seed capital has been kept in the dark by those that had access to the funds and it has been used or spent unnecessarily instead of using it on sustainable businesses. This has created a lot of confusion ")&'3&4("'&'(*)&!3#%8&4")&!%"#'&K37>&37&4("'&)%%5&0"2*'"1&*)&all about. - Women from Papa

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8.0 What we heard in the communities Cont.

/:(%&6*11"$%&1%"5%7)&"7%&#3'&=%*#$&(3#%)'&4*'(&'(%&2%321%9& :(%*7&*#'%7%)'&*)&3#&'(%&!3#%8&3#18>&"#5&(34&4*11&'(%8&("#51%&*'9&;%&"7%&)'*11&4"*'*#$&K37&'(%&)2*#H3KK&!3#%89&;(%7%&*)&*'L&;(3<)&going to give us the money to kick-start out business on poultry "#5&2*$$%78&"#5&Q)(*#$L. - Man from Boera

/;(%#&4%&'"1F&'3&\--3#R3=*1>&'(%8&)"8&'(%&!3#%8&*)&4*'(&government, and that they should supply these services. @#5&*'&*)&'7,%>&*'&)(3,15&=%&$36%7#!%#'9. - Man from Lea Lea

T%%5&!3#%8&4")&273!*)%5&=,'&#3'&$*6%#9 - Women from Porebada

/:(%7%&)(3,15#<'&=%&"&!*551%&!"#9&D:(%E&G?M&D*#037237"'%5&1"#5&$73,2E&)(3,15&5%"1&5*7%0'18&4*'(&'(%&03#'7"0'37&37&5%6%132%79& The middle man in our case is our holding company. They are '(%&3#%)&4(3&"7%&!%))*#$&,2&%6%78'(*#$9. - Man from Boera

/\--3#R3=*1&)(3,15&$*6%&'(%&!3#%8&'3&,)>&*#)'%"5&3K&$*6*#$& it to government. We are the impacted villages. The developers should direct the money to the community instead of to $36%7#!%#'9. - Man from Lea Lea

8.8 Land issuesTwo distinct land issues were brought up in conversation. <-+)*,@>&*2/&0-):(*/&59/+&*2/&,/$)/&5#&K5+*-53&dcZ&;)//&I/6*-53&Z=&$30&)/6530,@>&@5(3C&%/3&-3&K5+/?$0$&*$,H/0&$?5(*&*2/&,$30`related violence that caused four deaths in January 2010.

/?"#5&*)&=%*#$&,)%5&4*'(3,'&"#8&2732%7&03#),1'"'*3#&*#&'(%&6*11"$%)&`&'(*)&*)&"&)1"2&*#&'(%&K"0%9. - Man from Lea Lea

?"#5&4")&)315&4(%#&'(%&NAM&?AM&N73O%0'&0"!%&*#&"#5&)3!%&01"#&!%!=%7)&"7%&Q$('*#$&36%7&'(%&*)),%9&:(%&!"''%7&*)&"1)3&"'&formal court. - Men and women from Papa

?AM&N73O%0'&(")&0",)%5&K3,7&5%"'()&*#&N37%="5"&5,%&'3&1"#5&5*)2,'%)9&A34&N37%="5"&"#5&P3%7"&6*11"$%7)&53&#3'&!*-&4%11&1*F%&'(%8&,)%5&'39&:(%&3#0%&$335&7%1"'*3#)(*2&*)&=73F%#9&B(*157%#&13)'&'(%*7&$335&K7*%#5)&K73!&P3%7"&=%0",)%&3K&'(%&?AM&N73O%0'&=%0",)%&"K'%7&4("'&("22%#%5&'(%8&"7%&#3'&$3*#$&'3&)0(331&*#&N37%="5"&"#8!37%9&`&W5(3C&%/3&#+5%&K5+/?$0$In

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9.0 Workshop discussions

Two workshops were held to discuss the themes that /%/+C/0&#+5%&*2/&DEA&7%:$6*&D-)*/3-3C&K+5F/6*G&S2/&.+)*&brought together key stakeholders in the PNG LNG Project for a day of discussions: the Listening Project partners, the developer and the Hiri District Government. A representative from Oil Search Limited also attended the workshop. The second workshop brought together the LNG Impact Listening Project partners with a broader group of civil society organisations to discuss potential ways forward.

9.1 Stakeholder workshop The discussions at the workshop were very constructive.

Participants discussed each of the themes by +(3(4)0'5$&'$)6+(($72(1)0&'18& ^&&O2$*&$+/&*2/&:/+6/:*-53)&$30&/":/6*$*-53)&+/,$*/0&

to this impact?& ^&&O25&65(,0&:,$@&$&+5,/&-3&$00+/))-3C&*2-)&-%:$6*k& ^&&O2$*&$+/&*2/&62$,,/3C/)&-3&*+@-3C&*5&$00+/))&*2-)&

impact?

All participants openly shared their experiences and points of view and suggested ways to address some of the impacts. A key issue that emerged in discussions was the challenge for information related to impacts to be communicated effectively to the people in the communities. 42$,,/3C/)&*5&65%%(3-6$*-53&1/+/&-0/3*-./0&?5*2&$*&*2/&sender’s and receiver’s end. It was also said that better communication is important, but should not be a substitute for problem-solving.

It was agreed that the PNG LNG Project is having both positive and negative impacts on the four communities. It was also agreed that these changes are taking place in a broader context of change in Papua New Guinea. In some cases positive opportunities resulting from the PNG LNG Project were having unintended negative side effects. Within the broader picture of change, different stakeholders have different responsibilities to address some of the issues raised as impacts of the PNG LNG Project. Workshop participants also discussed the role of government in this respect.

The developer noted how some of these issues were being addressed through existing processes. The developer also agreed to take away some issues and raise them internally in Esso Highlands Limited and with its sub-contractors, with a view to addressing such concerns. Other stakeholders also agreed to investigate how some of the issues raised can be best addressed and who could play a role in this. Throughout the workshop, stakeholders said that many of the changes being experienced can only be addressed by community members themselves, and that community members and their leaders can offer many solutions. It was agreed that greater clarity of stakeholder roles and responsibilities would be helpful, and that we should all try to take a long-term view of the PNG LNG Project and plan to avoid future negative impacts. There is much that can be learnt from other resource extraction projects in Papua New Guinea.

9.2 Civil society workshopA second workshop brought together the LNG Impact Listening Project partners with other civil society organisations that were working in the four villages or were interested in the outcomes of the project. Some organisations noted how they had come across some of the issues raised by the project through their work in these communities.

Workshop participants discussed how they might be able to work with communities to address some of the impacts of the PNG LNG Project as well as broader development challenges. They noted the usefulness of sharing information about their various activities in the communities, and resolved to continue to meet regularly to discuss their work and coordinate where possible, and continue to engage with the developer and government.

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10 List of sources and documentation reviewed

Acil Tasman 2008, PNG LNG Economic Impact Study, an assessment of the direct and indirect impacts of the proposed PNG LNG Project on the economy of Papua New Guinea, 6 February 2008. <http://www.pnglng.com>

CDA Collaborative Learning Projects 2009, Listening Project Field Visit Report Solomon Islands, November. <www.cdainc.com>

48'&45,,$?5+$*-9/&#5+&8/9/,5:%/3*&'6*-53&Z[[d>&gK5+C/+$&Q5-3*&T/3*(+/&;KQT=&C5,0&%-3-3C&5:/+$*-53>& 4$)/&I*(0@&<-/,0&T-)-*h>&45+:5+$*/&!:*-53)j&453)*+(6*-9/&P3C$C/%/3*&-3&453X-6*&l53/)>&!6*5?/+G& <www.cdainc.com>

4/3*+/&#5+&I56-$,&R/):53)-?-,-*@&-3&J-3-3C&;V3-9/+)-*@&5#&m(//3),$30=&Z[[e>&45%%(3-*@&C+-/9$36/&%/62$3-)%)& and Australian mining companies offshore: An industry discussion paper, October. 9:::"41+;"27"(/2"*2<=

D’Appolonia 2010, Environmental and Social Compliance Monitoring report of the Papua New Guinea LNG Project ;)-*/&9-)-*&J$@&Z[d[=>&'(C()*G& <www.pnglng.com>

D’Appolonia 2011, Environmental and Social Compliance Monitoring report of the Papua New Guinea LNG Project ;)-*/&9-)-*&!6*5?/+&Z[d[=>&</?+($+@G& <www.pnglng.com>

Esso Highlands Limited 2009a, PNG LNG Environmental Impact Statement, January. <www.pnglng.com>

Esso Highlands Limited 2009b, “Agreements signed for landowner business opportunities”, media release, 15 October. <www.pnglng.com>

Esso Highlands Limited 2010a, PNG LNG Project Environmental and Social Management Plan, November. <www.pnglng.com>

P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[?>&m($+*/+,@&P39-+53%/3*$,&$30&I56-$,&R/:5+*>&<-+)*&m($+*/+&Z[d[>&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*G&<www.pnglng.com>

P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[6>&m($+*/+,@&P39-+53%/3*$,&$30&I56-$,&R/:5+*>&I/6530&m($+*/+&Z[d[>&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*G&<www.pnglng.com>

P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[0>&m($+*/+,@&P39-+53%/3*$,&$30&I56-$,&R/:5+*>&S2-+0&m($+*/+&Z[d[G&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*G&<www.pnglng.com>

P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[d[/>&m($+*/+,@&P39-+53%/3*$,&$30&I56-$,&R/:5+*>&<5(+*2&m($+*/+&Z[d[>&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*G&<www.pnglng.com>

P))5&L-C2,$30)&D-%-*/0&Z[dd$>&m($+*/+,@&P39-+53%/3*$,&$30&I56-$,&R/:5+*>&<-+)*&m($+*/+&Z[dd>&KEA&DEA&K+5F/6*G& <www.pnglng.com>

Esso Highlands Limited 2011b, “Mekim Pati! First foundation poured for the PNG LNG Plant”, media release, 6 April. <www.pnglng.com>

A500$+0>&J-62$/,&Z[d[>&gL/$*&$30&L-)*5+@j&J5+/)?@&$30&*2/&J5*(&U5-*$h>&-3&T-,,$C/+)&$30&*2/&4-*@j&J/,$3/)-$3&P":/+-/36/)&5#&K5+*&J5+/)?@>&K$:($&E/1&A(-3/$G&O$3*$5F/j&I/$3&U-3C)*53&K(?,-)2-3C>&::Gd\ba_G&

A5,0%$3>&D$(+/36/&Z[[\>&K$:($&E/1&A(-3/$&D-Y(/./0&E$*(+$,&A$)&K+5F/6*j&I56-$,&7%:$6*&'))/))%/3*&Z[[e>&Q$3($+@&;$::/30-"&Z_&*5&*2/&P39-+53%/3*$,&7%:$6*&I*$*/%/3*=G& <www.pnglng.com>

McIlraith, James 2011, Preparatory Concept Note on the Social Impact of the PNG LNG Project, February.

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Oxfam Australia 2009, Women, communities and mining: The gender impacts of mining and the role of gender impact assessment, December. <www.oxfam.org.au>

!"#$%&'()*+$,-$&Z[d[>&I()*$-3$?,/&J-3-3Cj&V3/$+*2-3C&2(%$3&+-C2*)&62$,,/3C/)&$30&5::5+*(3-*-/)G&45%%(3-Y(n>&':+-,G&<www.oxfam.org.au>

Oxfam Australia 2010, Guide to Free Prior and Informed Consent, June. <www.oxfam.org.au>

Oxfam Australia 2010, Community-company grievance resolution: A guide for the Australian mining industry. <www.oxfam.org.au>

Oxfam Community Aid Abroad 2004, Mining Ombudsman Case Report: Tolukuma Gold Mine, September. <www.oxfam.org.au>

!"#$%&E/1&l/$,$30&Z[dd>&45,,$?5+$*-53&J5V&53&+/)/$+62&-3*5&*2/&-%:$6*&5#&*2/&DEA&:+5F/6*&(:53& communities in the Tari area. <www.oxfam.org.nz/>

!"#$%>&!"#$%&KEA&L-C2,$30)&K+5C+$%&Z[dd>&R/:5+*&5#&I/6(+-*@&736-0/3*&$*&U(,(&I5(*2/+3&L-C2,$30)&K+5C+$%>& 21 March. Papua New Guinea Red Cross 2011, Situational Report on Boera/Porebada incident, February.

Post Courier, 1 June, 6 & 7 July, February 2010. Post Courier review between July 2008 and May 2011 for articles pertaining to the PNG LNG Project and the impacted villages around the plant site, for background situational analysis.

Robinson, Sarah 2011, Notes for LNG Chapter 2, Oxfam PNG Highlands Program, March.

;d=gD-)*/3-3C&K+5F/6*h&-)&$&*/+%&*2$*&1$)&65-3/0&?@&*2/&VI`?$)/0&353`C59/+3%/3*&5+C$3-)$*-53&48'&45,,$?5+$*-9/&D/$+3-3C&Projects. Between 2005 and 2009, CDA worked with civil society organisations in 20 countries to listen to people’s views about the cumulative impacts of development assistance. The project described in this report draws on CDA’s Listening Project’s methodology, but is unrelated.

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;]=!"#$%B)&W5(*2&'6*-53&K$+*3/+)&;W'K)=&$+/&@5(3C&:/5:,/&+/6+(-*/0&$)&:$+*&5#&*2/&C,5?$,&!"#$%&73*/+3$*-53$,&W5(*2&K+5C+$%G&S2/+/&$+/&6(++/3*,@&dc&W'K)&?$)/0&-3&K5+*&J5+/)?@&125&$+/&)(::5+*/0&?@&!"#$%&K5+*&J5+/)?@B)&@5(*2&program from 2011 to 2013.

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listening to the impacts of the png lng project

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