lippman

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76101 Interpretation and Argument | Fall 2015 | M. Goss Breaking Down Lippmann and Dewey 1 Refer to this handout as you read Alterman and bring a hardcopy of it, along with the reading, to class on Wednesday, September 2 nd . Walter Lippmann (18891974) John Dewey (18591952) Committed elitist Believed crucial events have grown too complex for the average citizen to understand. Assumed that people or a public (i.e. Average citizen or “outsider”) is “’slow to be around and quickly diverted…and is interested only when events have been melodramatized as a conflict’” (7). Thought public opinion was just sum of the views of each individual. Concluded that journalism would never really be able to report on more complicated and subtle conditions if the Average citizen is in charge. Proposed solution = “intelligence bureaus” (7) Public’s role diminished Journalists’ role = link between policymakers and the public, who then form a public opinion. Topdown model Believed in democracy Called for society to cultivate public discussion and deliberation to move toward consensus Criticized Lippmann’s trust in “knowledge based elites” (8). Believed Journalism should foster conversation and the generation of knowledge among individuals in order to form communities “Dewey’s confidence in democracy rested in significant measure on his ‘faith in the capacity of human beings for intelligent judgment and action if proper conditions are furnished.’” (8) Yet, it’s unclear whether or not Dewey thinks “these conditions” were ever met in his lifetime. 1 Excerpts and quotations taken from Eric Alterman’s “Out of Print: The Death and Life of the American Newspaper.”

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                           76-­‐101  Interpretation  and  Argument  |  Fall  2015  |  M.  Goss                      Breaking  Down  Lippmann  and  Dewey1      Refer  to  this  handout  as  you  read  Alterman  and  bring  a  hardcopy  of  it,  along  with  the  reading,  to  class  on  Wednesday,  September  2nd.      

 Walter  Lippmann  (1889-­‐1974)  

 

 John  Dewey  (1859-­‐1952)  

-­‐Committed  elitist  -­‐Believed  crucial  events  have  grown  too  complex  for  the  average  citizen  to  understand.  -­‐Assumed  that  people  or  a  public  (i.e.  Average  citizen  or  “outsider”)  is  “’slow  to  be  around  and  quickly  diverted…and  is  interested  only  when  events  have  been  melodramatized  as  a  conflict’”  (7).  -­‐Thought  public  opinion  was  just  sum  of  the  views  of  each  individual.  -­‐Concluded  that  journalism  would  never  really  be  able  to  report  on  more  complicated  and  subtle  conditions  if  the  Average  citizen  is  in  charge.  -­‐Proposed  solution  =  “intelligence  bureaus”  (7)  -­‐Public’s  role  diminished  -­‐Journalists’  role  =  link  between  policymakers  and  the  public,  who  then  form  a  public  opinion.  -­‐Top-­‐down  model      

-­‐Believed  in  democracy  -­‐Called  for  society  to  cultivate  public  discussion  and  deliberation  to  move  toward  consensus  -­‐Criticized  Lippmann’s  trust  in  “knowledge-­‐based  elites”  (8).  -­‐Believed  Journalism  should  foster  conversation  and  the  generation  of  knowledge  among  individuals  in  order  to  form  communities    -­‐“Dewey’s  confidence  in  democracy  rested  in  significant  measure  on  his  ‘faith  in  the  capacity  of  human  beings  for  intelligent  judgment  and  action  if  proper  conditions  are  furnished.’”  (8)  -­‐Yet,  it’s  unclear  whether  or  not  Dewey  thinks  “these  conditions”  were  ever  met  in  his  lifetime.  

   

                                                                                                               1  Excerpts  and  quotations  taken  from  Eric  Alterman’s  “Out  of  Print:  The  Death  and  Life  of  the  American  Newspaper.”