lipoprotein and cholesterol
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LIPOPROTEIN AND CHOLESTEROL
Angel Das 1 year MBBS Student
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LIPOPROTEIN
Lipid
Protein
Lipoprotein
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CORE
CHOLESTEROLESTERS
TRIGLYCERIDES
MONOLAYER OF PHOSPHOLIPID
AND CHOLESTERLOL
INTEGRAL APOPROTEINS
PERIPHERAL APOPROTEINS
Structure of lipoprotein
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APOPROTEINS
Protein component of lipoproteinPromote transport and uptake of lipids
Act as ligandActivation of enzymes
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APOPROTEINS
A B C E• A-l• A-ll
• B-48• B-100
• C-l• C-ll• C-lll
• A-I Liver& intestine
• A-II Liver
• B-48 Intestine• B-100 Liver
• All Liver • Liver
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LIPOPROTEINS Lipoprotein Apoproteins
Chylomicron A,B,C,E
VLDL B,C,E
LDL B
HDL A,C,D, E
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CLASSIFICATION
Based on density by ultracentrifugationi. Chylomicronsii. Very Low Density Lipoproteiniii.Intermediate Density Lipoproteiniv.Low Density Lipoproteinv. High Density Lipoprotein
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COMPOSITION AND SIZE OF LIPOPROTEIN
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FUNCTIONS OF LIPOPROTEINS
CHYLOMICRONS transport Triglycerides from intestine to adipose tissues for storage.VLDL carries triglycerols from liver to peripheral tissues.
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LDL transports cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues.HDL transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver“Reverse Cholesterol Transport”
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CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
HYPERLIPIDEMIAS elevated lipid fraction cholesterol/TAG Frederickson’s Classification
Type l Type ll A Type ll B Type lll Type lV Type V
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Type Lipoprotein fraction elevated
Metabolic Defect
Type ll A (Primary Familial Hypercholesterolemia)
LDL LDL receptor defect
Type ll B Hyperlipoproteinemia
LDL & VLDL Apo B
Type lV Familial endogenous Type
VLDL Overproduction of VLDL
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HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIAS
i. Abetalipoproteinemia microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is defective LDL & VLDL decreasesii. Hypo alpha lipoproteinemia HDL level decreasesiii. Tangier Disease absence of ATP binding Cassette Transporter 1, involved in transport of cellular cholesterol to HDL
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
•Deposition of LDL cholesterol in arterial wall, occurs due to damage of endothelium
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Physical Properties white crystalline solid substance soluble in ether,chloroform etc. amphipathic in nature abundantly present in nervous tissue
•Have Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system.
CHOLESTEROL
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STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTEROL
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1. Major structural constituent of the cell membranes and lipoproteins
2. Precursor for Steroid hormones
a. Progesterons
b. Glucocorticoids
c. Mineralocorticoids
d. Androgens & Estrogens
3. Formation of Bile acids and bile salts.
4. Synthesis of Vitamin D
FUNCTIONS OF CHOLESTEROL
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