linux and unix commands

7/24/2019 Linux and Unix Commands

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List of Linux and Unix commands

Here is a list of Linux and Unix commandswhich will be useful for you. These commands can be used as a quick referenceto simplify your Linux or Unixusing experience. The commands are categorized into different categories dependingupon the operation of the command. Almost commands of every type are listed here. The commands are listed with theircategory , command and the operation it does. The list goes as follows..File Commands

ls directory listing

ls -al formatted listing with hidden files

cd dir change directory to dir

cd change to home

pwd show current directory

mkdir dir create a directory dir

rm file delete file

rm -r dir delete directory dir

rm -f file force remove file

rm -rf dir force remove directory dir

cp file1 file2 copy file! to file"

cp -r dir1 dir2 copy dir! to dir"# create dir" if it doesn$t exist

mv file1 file2 rename or move file! to file" if file" is an existing directory, moves file! into directory file"

ln -s file link create symbolic link link to file touch file create or update file

cat > file places standard input into file

more file output the contents of file

head file output the first !% lines of file

tail file output the last !% lines of file

tail -f file output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last !% lines

Process ana!ement

ps display your currently active processes

top display all running processes

kill pid kill process id pid

killall proc kill all processes named proc

"! lists stopped or background &obs# resume a stopped &ob in the background

f! brings the most recent &ob to foreground

f! n brings &ob n to the foreground

File Permissions

chmod octal file' change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world

by adding ( ' read )r*, " ' write )w*, ! ' execute )x*

+xamples chmod ###' read, write, execute for all

chmod #$$' rwx for owner, rx for group and world

or more options, see man chmod.%%&

ssh user'host connect to host as user

ssh -p port user'host connect to host on port port as user

ssh-copy-id user'host add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login

%earchin!

!rep pattern files search for pattern in files

!rep -r pattern dir search recursively for pattern in dir

command ( !rep pattern search for pattern in the output of command

locate file find all instances of file

%ystem )nfo

date show the current date and time

cal show this month$s calendar

uptime show current uptime

w display who is online

whoami *who you are logged in as

fin!er user display information about user

uname -a show kernel information

cat +proc+cpuinfo cpu information cat +proc+meminfo memory information

man command show the manual for command


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df *show disk usage

du *show directory space usage

free show memory and swap usage

whereis app show possible locations of app

which app show which app will be run by default

Compression

tar cf file,tar files create a tar named file.tar containing files tar xf file,tar extract the files from file.tar

tar cf file,tar,! files create a tar with -zip compression

tar xf file,tar,! extract a tar using -zip

tar c.f file,tar,"2 create a tar with zip" compression

tar x.f file,tar,"2 extract a tar using zip"

!ip file compresses file and renames it to file.gz

!ip -d file,! decompresses file.gz back to file

/etwork

pin! host ping host and output results

whois domain get whois information for domain

di! domain get /01 information for domain

di! -x host reverse lookup host

w!et file download file

w!et -c file continue a stopped download

)nstallation)nstall from source*

,+confi!ure

make

make install

dpk! -i pk!,de" install a package )/ebian*

rpm -Uvh pk!,rpm install a package )234*

%hortcuts

Ctrl0C' halts the current command

Ctrl0' stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background

Ctrl0' log out of current session, similar to exit

Ctrl03' erases one word in the current line

Ctrl0U' erases the whole line

Ctrl04' type to bring up a recent command

55' repeats the last command

exit' log out of current session

Linux Commands

mkdir - make directories5sage

mkdir 673T8709 /82+:T72;7ptions:reate the /82+:T72;)ies*, if they do not already exist.4andatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short optionstoo.


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5se cd to change directories. Type cd followed by the name of a directoryto access that directory.>eep in mind that you are always in a directoryand can navigate to directories hierarchically above or below.mv- chan!e the name of a directoryType mv followed by the current name of a directory and the new name of

the directory.+x mv testdir newnamedirpwd - print workin! directorywill show you the full path to the directory you are currently in. This isvery handy to use, especially when performing some of the othercommands on this pagermdir - 4emove an existin! directoryrm -r2emoves directories and files within the directories recursively.chown - chan!e file owner and !roup

5sagechown 673T8709 7?0+266-275399 8@+chown 673T8709 -2753 8@+chown 673T8709


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5sagechmod 6


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:opy all files from the directory FsrcdirF to the directory FdestdirFpreserving links )


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.ftp hostname7pens an T3 connection to the specified host, allowing files to betransferred. The T3 program provides subcommands for accomplishingfile transfers# see the online documentation.head files - 3rints the first several lines of each specified file.ispell files - :hecks the spelling of the contents of the specified files.kill process6idskill < signal processBidskill ills the specified processes, sends the specified processes the specifiedsignal )given as a number or name*, or prints a list of available signals.killall pro!ramkillall < signal program>ills all processes that are instances of the specified program or sends the

specified signal to all processes that are instances of the specifiedprogram.mail - @aunches a simple mail client that permits sending and receivingemail messages.man titleman section title < 3rints the specified man page.pin! host< 1ends an echo request via T:383 to the specified host. Aresponse confirms that the host is operational.re"oot


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File Commands

ls directory listing

ls -al formatted listing with hidden files

cd dir change directory to dir

cd change to home

pwd show current directory

mkdir dir create a directory dir

rm file delete file

rm -r dir delete directory dir

rm -f file force remove file

rm -rf dir force remove directory dir

cp file1 file2 copy file! to file"

cp -r dir1 dir2 copy dir! to dir"# create dir" if it doesn$t exist

mv file1 file2 rename or move file! to file" if file" is an existing directory, moves file! into directory file"

ln -s file link create symbolic link link to file

touch file create or update file

cat > file places standard input into file

more file output the contents of file

head file output the first !% lines of file

tail file output the last !% lines of file

tail -f file output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last !% lines

Process ana!ement

ps display your currently active processes

top display all running processes

kill pid kill process id pid

killall proc kill all processes named proc

"! lists stopped or background &obs# resume a stopped &ob in the background

f! brings the most recent &ob to foreground

f! n brings &ob n to the foreground

File Permissions chmod octal file' change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world

by adding ( ' read )r*, " ' write )w*, ! ' execute )x*

+xamples chmod ###' read, write, execute for all

chmod #$$' rwx for owner, rx for group and world

or more options, see man chmod.%%&

ssh user'host connect to host as user

ssh -p port user'host connect to host on port port as user

ssh-copy-id user'host add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login

%earchin!

!rep pattern files search for pattern in files

!rep -r pattern dir search recursively for pattern in dir

command ( !rep pattern search for pattern in the output of command locate file find all instances of file

%ystem )nfo

date show the current date and time

cal show this month$s calendar

uptime show current uptime

w display who is online

whoami *who you are logged in as

fin!er user display information about user

uname -a show kernel information

cat +proc+cpuinfo cpu information

cat +proc+meminfo memory information

man command show the manual for command

df *show disk usage

du *show directory space usage


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free show memory and swap usage

whereis app show possible locations of app

which app show which app will be run by default

Compression

tar cf file,tar files create a tar named file.tar containing files

tar xf file,tar extract the files from file.tar

tar cf file,tar,! files create a tar with -zip compression tar xf file,tar,! extract a tar using -zip

tar c.f file,tar,"2 create a tar with zip" compression

tar x.f file,tar,"2 extract a tar using zip"

!ip file compresses file and renames it to file.gz

!ip -d file,! decompresses file.gz back to file

/etwork

pin! host ping host and output results

whois domain get whois information for domain

di! domain get /01 information for domain

di! -x host reverse lookup host

w!et file download file

w!et -c file continue a stopped download

)nstallation)nstall from source*

,+confi!ure

make

make install

dpk! -i pk!,de" install a package )/ebian*

rpm -Uvh pk!,rpm install a package )234*

%hortcuts

Ctrl0C' halts the current command

Ctrl0' stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background

Ctrl0' log out of current session, similar to exit

Ctrl03' erases one word in the current line

Ctrl0U' erases the whole line

Ctrl04' type to bring up a recent command

55' repeats the last command

exit' log out of current session

linux and unix commands

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