Linking Economic Accounts Linking Economic Accounts to the River Basinto the River Basin

based on: “based on: “Integrated river basin accounting in the Netherlands and Integrated river basin accounting in the Netherlands and the European Water Framework Directive” (Brouwer et al, Statistical the European Water Framework Directive” (Brouwer et al, Statistical

J. of the UNECE 22 2005)J. of the UNECE 22 2005)

OutlineOutline

• Water Framework Directive and Hybrid Water Framework Directive and Hybrid accountsaccounts

• How to link the Regional Economic How to link the Regional Economic Accounts to the River BasinsAccounts to the River Basins

• Country experiencesCountry experiences• NetherlandsNetherlands• SwedenSweden• AustraliaAustralia

WFD and Hybrid AccountsWFD and Hybrid Accounts• WFD: increase in demand for water-related data WFD: increase in demand for water-related data • Use Hybrid Accounts which provide Use Hybrid Accounts which provide

information on information on - Intensity of water use by branches of - Intensity of water use by branches of

industryindustry - The physical flows of supply of water services- The physical flows of supply of water services - Production costs of water services- Production costs of water services - Environmental taxes related to water- Environmental taxes related to water

- at National and River Basin levelat National and River Basin level

Dutch River BasinsDutch River Basins

• As Rhine covers 70% of Dutch territory is split-up 4 sub-regions: North, East, West and Centre

River Basins vs Regional River Basins vs Regional Economic AccountsEconomic Accounts

Regional Economic AccountsRegional Economic Accounts• 12 Provinces12 Provinces• 40 Administrative Regions or COROP40 Administrative Regions or COROP

• Each COROP region consists of several Each COROP region consists of several municipalitiesmunicipalities

• 512 Municipalities512 Municipalities

• Regional accounts are at COROP levelRegional accounts are at COROP level• Focus on the production process in each unit, in Focus on the production process in each unit, in

the various regionsthe various regions

Assigning Regional Accounts to Assigning Regional Accounts to River Basins (1)River Basins (1)

ECONOMIC DATAECONOMIC DATA• 23 Regional Accounts fall directly within a specific River Basin23 Regional Accounts fall directly within a specific River Basin• Other 17 overlap: economic data allocated based on estimated percentage of Other 17 overlap: economic data allocated based on estimated percentage of

employees working in a specific River Basinemployees working in a specific River Basin• Reason: no economic data available at individual company levelReason: no economic data available at individual company level

Method:Method:• Identify specific branches of industry in these COROPsIdentify specific branches of industry in these COROPs• Identify number of employees in these branchesIdentify number of employees in these branches• Identify municipalities where these business units are locatedIdentify municipalities where these business units are located• If municipalities fall into 2 River Basins: Postal codesIf municipalities fall into 2 River Basins: Postal codes• If single postal code falls into 2 River Basins: business units and If single postal code falls into 2 River Basins: business units and

employees are allocated based on area of the postal code falling in that employees are allocated based on area of the postal code falling in that River BasinRiver Basin

Assigning Regional Accounts to Assigning Regional Accounts to River Basins (2)River Basins (2)

EMISSION DATAEMISSION DATA• Supplied by Regional Emission Registration (level Supplied by Regional Emission Registration (level

of individual plants)of individual plants)• If location of activity does not correspond with If location of activity does not correspond with

location of emission source, emissions are location of emission source, emissions are allocated to location of activityallocated to location of activity

WATER DATA (ABSTRACTION AND WATER DATA (ABSTRACTION AND RETURNS)RETURNS)

• National Water Survey conducted every 5 years National Water Survey conducted every 5 years • 7500 businesses7500 businesses

SwedenSwedenWATER DATA (ABSTRACTION AND RETURNS)WATER DATA (ABSTRACTION AND RETURNS)• Allocation of 289 municipality data to 8 River Basins, using GIS Allocation of 289 municipality data to 8 River Basins, using GIS

(Geographical information system)(Geographical information system)• 119 entirely within specific River Basin119 entirely within specific River Basin• 165 intersected with only minor part 165 intersected with only minor part oror all major urban areas all major urban areas

located within a River Basinlocated within a River Basin• 5 were disaggregated based on population percentages in urban 5 were disaggregated based on population percentages in urban

areasareas

• Survey on Manufacturing industry and Municipal Waste Water Survey on Manufacturing industry and Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants leading to data for 114 drainage basinsTreatment Plants leading to data for 114 drainage basins

• Abstracted water for own use by households not connected to the Abstracted water for own use by households not connected to the public network estimated using real estate register + 189 litre/daypublic network estimated using real estate register + 189 litre/day

AustraliaAustraliaAGRICULTURAL WATER USEAGRICULTURAL WATER USE• Area-weighted-concordance method used to provide Area-weighted-concordance method used to provide

estimates on agricultural use at River Basin levelestimates on agricultural use at River Basin level• Agricultural census provides estimates on irrigated area by Agricultural census provides estimates on irrigated area by

type of crop (hectares)type of crop (hectares)• Calculate water use per hectare per cropCalculate water use per hectare per crop• Calculate Total Agricultural Water Use per Statistical Calculate Total Agricultural Water Use per Statistical

Local AreaLocal Area• Compare maps of Statistical Local Areas and River Compare maps of Statistical Local Areas and River

Basins: allocate water use based on percentage of Basins: allocate water use based on percentage of overlap of SLA with RBoverlap of SLA with RB

Comparison of approachesComparison of approaches

• COROP (NL) vs COROP (NL) vs municipality level (Sweden) vs municipality level (Sweden) vs Statistical Local Area (AUS)Statistical Local Area (AUS)

• Employees (NL) vs Employees (NL) vs inhabitants (Sweden) vs inhabitants (Sweden) vs area (AUS)area (AUS)

Different country-specific circumstancesDifferent country-specific circumstances

Results (Netherlands)Results (Netherlands)

50%

8%

10%

5%

21%

3%

3%

Rhine west Rhine mid Rhine east Rhine north Meuse Scheldt Ems

• Distribution of economic value added generated Distribution of economic value added generated in the various river basins in the Netherlandsin the various river basins in the Netherlands

GDP and environmental GDP and environmental indicators: national (NL)indicators: national (NL)

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

wastewaternutrientsheavy metalsGDP

• Suggests that water is used in a more efficient way

GDP and environmental GDP and environmental indicators: SCHELD River Basin indicators: SCHELD River Basin (NL)(NL)

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

wastewaternutrientsheavy metalsGDP

Water use in 2001 (NL)Water use in 2001 (NL)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

tapwater sweetgroundwater

brackishgroundwater

sweet surfacewater

saltsurfacewater

SCHELD

MEUSE

EEMS

MID

EAST

NORD

WEST

Confidentiality (NL)Confidentiality (NL)• It concerns economic data and water flow dataIt concerns economic data and water flow data• Rules:Rules:

• Sector should consist of at least 3 or more companiesSector should consist of at least 3 or more companies• The largest company cannot employ more than 75% of The largest company cannot employ more than 75% of

employees in a specific regionemployees in a specific region• Largest company in a specific branch of industry cannot Largest company in a specific branch of industry cannot

employ more than 70% of total freshwater in that regionemploy more than 70% of total freshwater in that region• In terms of representation: confidentiality problems are In terms of representation: confidentiality problems are

solved by presenting two sectors togethersolved by presenting two sectors together

Example: Water use per River Basin per sector only compiled Example: Water use per River Basin per sector only compiled for 2 largest River Basins due to confidentiality reasonsfor 2 largest River Basins due to confidentiality reasons