linked building (energy) data
DESCRIPTION
Within the operational phase buildings are now producing more data than ever before, from energy usage, utility information, occupancy patterns, weather data, etc. In order to manage a building holistically it is important to use knowledge from across these information sources. However, many barriers exist to their interoperability and there is little interaction between these islands of information. As part of moving building data to the cloud there is a critical need to reflect on the design of cloud-based data services and how they are designed from an interoperability perspective. If new cloud data services are designed in the same manner as traditional building management systems they will suffer from the data interoperability problems. Linked data technology leverages the existing open protocols and W3C standards of the Web architecture for sharing structured data on the web. In this paper we propose the use of linked data as an enabling technology for cloud-based building data services. The objective of linking building data in the cloud is to create an integrated well-connected graph of relevant information for managing a building. This paper describes the fundamentals of the approach and demonstrates the concept within a Small Medium sized Enterprise (SME) with an owner-occupied office building.TRANSCRIPT
Linked Building (Energy) Data Edward Curry, Souleiman Hasan
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Motivation
n Bulding Information scattered among many systems ¨ Energy usage - (BEMS, Sensors)
¨ Maintenance and operations - (BMS, BIM, Simulation)
¨ Financial Performance - (Accounting IS)
¨ Occupant Comfort – (HR IS, Social Networks)
¨ Resource Utilisation – (MIS, ERP)
¨ Carbon Emissions – (CMS)
¨ External Data, IFC,
¨ Environmental Legislation
n Each systems describes an individual domain/concern in detail
n Legacy Systems, Real-time sensor data
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Motivation
n However, effecitlvey managing a building requires a holsitc view of operations across all systems ¨ New insights are achieved when you linking between
domains
n The context of the building lives in the joins between these domains: ¨ Energy linked to resource utilization
¨ Resource utilization linked to business objectives
¨ Business objectives linked to carbon emmissions
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Lots of Building Data….
ERP
ENERGY
BMS
FINANCE
CARBON
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Key Challenges
n Technology and Data Interoperability ¨ Crosscuts engineering domains and business functions
(Facilities, accountancy, IT, HR, Environmental) – Data scattered among different information systems – Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use
– Dynamic data, sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …
¨ Data Silos: Cost to bring this data together is significant
n Information Granularity & Overload ¨ Multiple stakeholder information requirements
¨ Multi-level information problem (Micro- to Macro-level) – Low-level operations, to high-level organisational KPIs
– Room-level optimistions vs. Building-level, vs. Coporate-level
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Key Challenges
n Interpreting data ¨ Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
n Empowering Actions ¨ Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of
activities
¨ Embedding impacts within buildings and organizations business processes
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A Web-based Approach
n Leverage the architecture of the Web to make sharing building data easier
n Linked Data is a method of exposing, sharing, and connecting data (via dereferenceable URIs) on the Web. ¨ Provides a Data (RDF) and Naming (URI) model
for the Web
¨ W3C Web-based Standards
¨ Adaptive Ontologies
¨ Incremental Approach
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Linked Open Data cloud - domains
Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts, interlinked by 500 million typed links.
http://lod-cloud.net/
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.
Media
Government
Geo
Publications
User-generated
Life sciences
Cross-domain
US government UK government
BBC New York Times
LinkedGeoData
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BestBuy Overstock.com Facebook
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked Open Data cloud stats
triples distribution
links distribution
http://lod-cloud.net/state/
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Enabling Networked Knowledge 10 of 46
Two Key Ingredients
1. RDF – Resource Description Framework Graph based Data – nodes and arcs ¨ Identifies objects (URIs)
¨ Interlink information (Relationships)
2. Vocabularies (Ontologies) ¨ provide shared understanding of a domain
¨ organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way
¨ give an exploitable meaning to the data
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked Data Principles
n Best practices for sharing data on the web ¨ 1) Use URIs as names for things
– Buildings, floors, rooms, devices, people, sensors, equipment
¨ 2) Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names – Simple mechanism to access the data (dereferencability)
¨ 3) When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using open standards (RDF, CSV, XML)
– Room: location, dimensions, features, etc
¨ 4) Include links to other URIs, so they can discover related information
– Occupant, contains (desk, sensor, equipment,…), rentCost, etc
(Tim Berners-Lee, 2006)
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked Building Data
n Linked Building Data ¨ Improves Discoverability
¨ Improves Accessibility
¨ Improves Shareability
n Linking building data builds context between systems ¨ Relevant information can linked together to build holistic views
of the building
¨ Broader context can be used in decision making
n Maintains loose coupling between systems ¨ Allows domain systems to focus on their expertise
¨ Allows systems to develop independently
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked Building Data
Resource Description Framework (RDF) subject - predicate – object
Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e
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http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/
http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e
http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant
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Case Study: DERI Building
n DERI Building ¨ No BMS or BEMS
¨ 160 person Office space
¨ Café
¨ Data centre
¨ 3 Kitchens
¨ 80 person Conference room
¨ 4 Meeting rooms
¨ Computing museum
¨ Sensor Lab
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Case Study: DERI Building
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Case Study: DERI Building
n System of Systems Approach ¨ Linking of 14 existing operational legacy sources
¨ Together with 30+ power real-time power sensors
n Energy Situational Awareness ¨ Semantic Energy Management
¨ Semantic Complex Event Processing
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Vocabulary
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Room Desk
Person
occupant
contains
Building
Floor
contains
contains
n Buildings and Rooms ¨ Simple vocabulary for describing the
rooms in a building
¨ http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms
n Queries ¨ How many floors are in the Building?
¨ How many desk on are the first floor?
¨ Who is the occupant of room 202e?
¨ Where does Edward Curry sit?
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Vocabulary
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n People, Groups and Devices ¨ FOAF: Simple vocabulary for describing peoples
and groups.
¨ DERI Energy: Devices and Laptops
n Queries ¨ Who are the members of the Green IT group?
¨ What laptop does Edward have?
¨ What laptops are used by the Green IT group??
¨ Who is using a MacBook Pro?
Person
Laptop
has_a
Group
memberOf
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Vocabulary
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n Energy Sensor Network ¨ Semantic Senor Network vocab for
describing sensors and observations
¨ http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn
n Queries ¨ What is the energy consumption of a
laptop?
¨ What is the energy consumption of the lights in room 202e?
¨ What is the total energy consumption of room 202e?
ssn:Sensor rm:Room en:hasLocation
en:Laptop
en:Heater
en:Light
en:Socket
ssn:observes
en:Power Consumption
ssn:observedBy
foaf:Person en:Laptop
en:has_a
foar:Group
foaf:memberOf
rm:Room rm:Desk
foaf:Person
rm:occupant
rm:contains
rm:Building
rm:Floor
rm:contains
rm:contains
owl:sameAs
owl:sameAs owl:sameAs
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Linked Building Data
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Room Desk
Person
occupant
contains
Laptop
has_a
Heater
Light
Socket
hasLocation
Sensor
observes
Power Consumption
observedBy
Building
Floor
contains
contains
Group
memberOf
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Querying Linked Building Data
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n Queries over merged graph ¨ What is the total energy consumption
of rooms on the first floor?
¨ What is Edward’s total energy consumption? (laptop, lights, heats, etc)
¨ What is the energy consumption of the laptops for the Green IT group?
¨ What is the total consumption of members of the green IT units on the first floor?
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Dereferenced URI
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@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rooms: <http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1#> . @prefix deri-energy-ont: <http://energy.deri.ie/ontology#> . @prefix deri-energy: <http://energy.deri.ie#> . @prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn> . @prefix deri-rooms: <http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#> . deri-rooms:building rdf:type rooms:Building;
rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor. deri-rooms:1st-floor rdf:type rooms:Floor;
rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing. deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing rdf:type rooms:Wing;
rooms:contains deri-rooms:r202e. deri-rooms:r202e rdf:type rooms:Desk;
rooms:occupant <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me>. <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me> rdf:type foaf:Person;
deri-energy-ont:has_a deri-energy:macbook15698; deri-energy:macbook15698 rdf:type deri-energy-ont:Laptop;
ssn:observedBy deri-energy:sensor123. deri-energy:sensor123 rdf:type ssn:Sensor;
ssn:observes deri-energy-ont:PowerConsumption. deri-energy:observation1236 rdf:type ssn:Observation;
ssn:observationResult deri-energy:observationResult1236; ssn:featureOfInterest deri-energy:macbook15698; ssn:observedBy deri-energy:sensor123.
deri-energy:observationResult1236 rdf:type ssn:SensorOutput; ssn:hasValue deri-energy:vale1236.
deri-energy:vale1236 deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityValue 31.5; deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityUnitOfMeasurement deri-energy-ont:kWh.
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Case Study: DERI Building
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1. Reference data from the enterprise linked data cloud
2. Instant measures by the sensors
3. Situation awareness is used to detect high usage situations
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence
Applica
tions
Energy Analysis Model
Complex Events
Situation Awareness Apps
Energy and Sustainability Dashboards
Decision Support Systems
Linked
Dat
a
Support
Se
rvic
es
Entity Management
Service
Data Catalog
Complex Event Processing
Engine
Provenance Search & Query
Sourc
es
Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter
n Interlinked Cloud of Energy Data
n Resource Description Framework (RDF)
n Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN)
n CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol
n Semantic Event Processing n Natural Language Interface
n Collaborative Data Mgmt.
n Energy Saving Applications n Energy Awareness
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked building data can create an integrated well-connected graph of information for managing a building
Summary
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Edward is a research scientist at the Digital Enterprise Research Institute. His areas of research include green IT/IS, energy informatics, linked data, integrated reporting, and cloud computing. He has worked extensively with industry and government advising on the adoption patterns, practicalities and benefits of new technologies.
He has published in leading journals and books, and has spoken at international conferences including the MIT CIO Symposium.
About the Presenter
URL: www.edwardcurry.org Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @EdwardACurry Slides: slideshare.net/edwardcurry
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Further Reading
Curry, E., O’Donnell, J., Corry, E., Hasan, S., Keane, M., and O’Riain, S. 2013. “Linking building data in the cloud: Integrating cross-domain building data using linked data,” Advanced Engineering Informatics (27:2), pp. 206–219.
http://www.edwardcurry.org/publications/Curry_AEI_2013.pdf
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Enabling Networked Knowledge
Selected References
Sustainability Use Cases n Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information
Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).
n Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In, Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons
n Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient Data Centers, 2012.
n Curry, E. et al, Linking building data in the cloud: Integrating cross-domain building data using linked data, Advanced Engineering Informatics (27:2), pp. 206–219. 2013
n Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.
n O’Donnell, J. et al, Building Performance Optimization Using Cross-Domain Scenario Modeling, Linked Data, and Complex Event Processing, Building and Environment (62), pp. 102–111, 2013.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Selected References
Information Management n Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic
Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks
n Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events, in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems
n Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012).
IT Management
n Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.
n Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1).
n Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes, IEEE Computer 15(11)