linkage between population and agriculture censuses by : mercedita e. tia

LINKAGE BETWEEN LINKAGE BETWEEN POPULATION AND POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE CENSUSES AGRICULTURE CENSUSES byby: : MERCEDITA E. TIAMERCEDITA E. TIA

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HISTORY OF POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE

CENSUSES

Source: www.trekearth.com

• 1878 – first official census of population under the Spanish government

• 1888 & 1898 – succeeding censuses• 1903 – undertaken by the American

government – included the Census of

Agriculture as a module• 1918 – conducted by an all-Filipino

crew• 1939 – under the Commonwealth

government• 1948 – by the Republic of the

Philippines

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HISTORY OF POPULATION HISTORY OF POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE

CENSUSESCENSUSES


• 1960 - regular conduct of Census of Agriculture every ten years

• 1971 – Census of Fisheries was combined with the Census of Agriculture

• 2002 – conducted in March (CA) and September 2003 (CF) with 2002 as reference period

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2002 CENSUSES OF 2002 CENSUSES OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE AND

FISHERIESFISHERIES• 4.8 million agricultural farms covering

9.7 million hectares• Agricultural land area is 32.2 percent

of the country’s total land area• Sampling scheme:


1991 CAF 2002 CAF

52% of total barangays

28.3% of total barangays

Estimates down to town level

Estimates down to provincial level

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2002 CENSUSES OF 2002 CENSUSES OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE AND

FISHERIESFISHERIES

• Shift from town (1991) to provincial (2002) estimates was due to high CVs at town level and smaller budget for the conduct of the CAF

• On the other hand, demand for town level estimates is increasing.


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CENSUS OF CENSUS OF POPULATION AS A POPULATION AS A

FRAME FOR CENSUS OF FRAME FOR CENSUS OF AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

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FRAME DEVELOPMENT FOR FRAME DEVELOPMENT FOR THE 2002 CATHE 2002 CA

• Outdated and incomplete frame limit the development of an efficient sampling design

• Hence, reviewed of other sources was done

• Several sources were tried but each suffered from completeness and accuracy

Source: www.peterlanger.com

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SAMPLING DESIGN OF SAMPLING DESIGN OF 2002 CAF2002 CAF

• Information from 1991 CAF was used as basis for the development of sampling design

• By treating barangays as the cluster and taking all the households in the cluster as samples

• Barangays in each town were group in strata.• Stratum 1 – largest total farm area in

the town• Stratum 2 – sample barangays in

1991• Stratum 3 – non-sample barangays in

1991 CAF


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SAMPLING DESIGN OF SAMPLING DESIGN OF 2002 CAF2002 CAF

• Total farm area served as the ordering variable in Stratum 2

• Number of households based on the 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Stratum 3

• Average correlation coefficient of number of households and total farm area for selected provinces was 0.485.


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• 1991 CAF utilized 1981 CAF results as frame

• 1981 CAF had a separate listing of households for the frame of operators

• The listing provided a complete list of households engaged in the raising of crops, fruits and nuts and/or the raising of livestock and/or poultry and/or operation of pastureSource: www.trekearth.com

FRAME USED IN THE FRAME USED IN THE PREVIOUS CAFPREVIOUS CAF

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• Ten percent of small farms and 100 percent of large farms were selected from this frame

• Selection of samples took place right after the listing and was undertaken by the field staff

• Enumeration took place three months after the listing

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• 1971 CAF – the list generated from population census was utilized as frame in the agricultural census.

• The questions utilized to identify agricultural operators were:Is there any member of the household engaged in any agricultural activity? What is the name of operator? What is the area of the farm and number of animals (livestock/poultry)?

• The actual conduct of agricultural census was undertaken a year after the population census.


Source: www.spraguephoto.com

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• Problems observed in the process:• Problem on accuracy of the listing • Too many questions utilized in the listing which make it more burdensome for the data collectors• The time lag of one year after the listing is affected by population migration and shift of involvement of operators to other activities outside agriculture


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2010 POPULATION 2010 POPULATION CENSUS FOR 2012 CAFCENSUS FOR 2012 CAF

• Population census is the best tool in establishing a frame for agricultural census for it covers a complete enumeration of the households.

• Particularly applicable to countries where a separate listing operation would need more resources when the available is limited

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2010 POPULATION 2010 POPULATION CENSUS FOR 2012 CAFCENSUS FOR 2012 CAFAdvantages Disadvantages Remarks/

Recommendations

Lesser budget requirement in the conduct of CAF since only the sample operators will be visited during the agriculture census

It is easier to request the budget for population census than for the census of agriculture

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Disadvantages Remarks/ Recommendations

Population census will be loaded with the addition of agriculture census questions

Simplify the question on agriculture to be incorporated in the population census -to lighten the burden of the data collectors - minimize confusion on the concept. -revise 1970 CAF question to: Did any member of this household raise crop, fruit trees, livestock, mushroom, honey-bees, etc. or perform other agricultural activity anytime from ____ to _______ period?

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Advan-

tages

Disadvantages

Remarks/ Recommendation

Long period of time lag between population census and agriculture census is influenced by population migration and shift of economic activities

Schedule the conduct of agricultural census in a shorter span after the population census to: -avoid problem on population migration and shifting of economic activities-avert the problem on funding the two censuses in the same year -solve the problem on the lack of technical manpower of the department or office

Source: www.cipotato.org

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Linking Population Data Linking Population Data with Agricultural Datawith Agricultural Data


• Can provide a wide range of analyses about the characteristics of the households engaged in agriculture

• Offers understanding how poverty is connected with agriculture

• Involvement in agriculture can be related to education, housing characteristics and other socio-economic characteristics which can be used to address food security, poverty and other concerns

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ConclusionConclusion

• While there are some problems observed in the linkage of population and agriculture and censuses in the past, re-thinking their link is a welcome move

• Problems and experiences will serve as guide to improve and develop a methodology that would maximize the benefits offered by this process.

• Population census as a frame is helpful to agriculture census and also to agriculture surveys


linkage between population and agriculture censuses by : mercedita e. tia

Documents

population census

agriculture censuses

agricultural census

official census of population

census of agriculture2002

tiahistory of population

regular conduct of census

years1971 census of