link-solution for the decarbonisation of power industry

Albana Ilo

TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives

1

LINK-solution for the decarbonisation of

power industry

18 February, 2018 , Mumbai, India

- A successful strategy to tackle climate change is the decarbonisation of electricity and the

electrification of transport and buildings.

2

- Large-scale integration of distributed generation is one of the most effective means of

decarbonising the power industry.

- However, their penetration greatly changes their structure. Although distributed generation

encompass a high flexibility potential, their large-scale penetration interferes with the power

system operation at all voltage levels.

Content

Problem statement

Smart Grid Paradigm and architecture

3

Proof of concept - MV-Link for Volt/var -

Conclusions

Two use cases:

- Restoration time minimization after black outs

- Demand respomse

Popular concepts in Smart Grids

Source: IEEE-PES Task Force on Microgrid Control, “Trends in Microgrid Control”, IEEE Transactions on smart grid, Vol. 5, No. 4, July 20144

…“The adoption of microgrids as the

paradigm

for the massive integration of distributed generation will allow technical

problems to be solved in a decentralized fashion, reducing the need for an

extremely ramified and complex central coordination and facilitating the

realization of the Smart Grid.”…

The penetration of the new forms of energy, wind and photovoltaic, in form

of small decentralized plants and slow storage development is challenging:

- the power system operation in transmission and distribution level

- the cyber attack risk on power grids is increasing drastically

- the data privacy is being seriously undermined

Virtual Power Plants Microgids

Cellular approach

Popular concepts in Smart Grids

sufficiently broad to properly characterize the variety of the smart grid

operation?

5Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

. . . Each time we get into this logjam of too much

trouble, too many problems, it is because the methods,

that we are using are just like the ones we have used

before. The next scheme, the new discovery, is going to

be made in a completely different way. So, history does

not help us much.

Source: RP. Feynman, “The character of physical law”, New York: Modern Library, 1994: p. 158.. Source: Google

Virtual Power Plants Microgids

After more than 15 years research the question arises:

Are these concepts

___________________________

&

Content

Problem statement


6


Conclusions

Two use cases:


- Demand respomse

“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm

Hardware

Automation

Communication

Electrical applianceControl schema Interface

LINK - Paradigm

A technical system consists of

three major elements:

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

7

“Electrical chain link” or

“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm


8

LINK - paradigm is defined as a set of one or more electrical appliances –

i.e. a grid part, a storage or a producer device -, the controlling scheme and

the LINK-interface .

Electrical applianceControl schema

Interface

Link - Paradigm

Grid Secondary control

Interface

Grid - Link

ProducerPrimary control

Interface

Producer - Link

˜ ˜

Set

point

Architecture Elements

StoragePrimary control

Interface

Storage-Link

St St

Set

point

Architecture Elements


9

Major architecture components:the Grid-Link

The Grid-Link is defined as a composition of a grid part, called Link_Grid, with the corresponding

Secondary-Control and the Link_Interfaces.

- The Link-Grid size is variable and is defined from the area, where the Link_Secondary-Control is set up.

- The Link-Grid refers to electrical equipment like lines/cables, transformers and reactive power devices, which are

connected directly to each other by forming an electrical unity.

BLiN Tr A

BSN ˜

BLoN

BLiN

BPN

BLoN BLiN BLiN

BLiN

St

Secondary

controlSet point


Operation / Study Link (i)Grid-Link

10

Power system overview based on the “Energy

Supply Chain Net” model: horizontal und vertical axis

Source: A. Ilo “The Energy Supply Chain Net”, Energy and Power Engineering, Volume 5 (5), July 2013.

Per definition the “Energy Supply Chain

Net” is a set of automated power grids,

intended for “Chain Links” or “Links”,

which fit into one an - other to establish a

flexible and reliable electrical connection.

Each individual “Link” or a “Link”-bundle

operates autonomously and have

contractual arrangements with other

relevant boundary “Links”, “Link”-bundles,

and suppliers which inject directly to their

own grid. Each “Link” or “Link”-bundle is

communicatively coupled with the other

relevant “Links” or “Link”-bundle’s via the

usual communication instruments

11

Holistic model of the electrical industry

Harmonisation of power grid physics and market rules

The “Energy Supply Chain Net” model Holistic market model

12

M A R K E T

M A

R K

E T

M A

R K

E T

M A R K E T

Technical-functional architecture of smart power systems

13

Neighbor Grid - Link (j)Neighbor Grid - Link (2)HV_ Grid - Link (1)

Customer Plant

Storage-Link (p)

Storage-Link(i)

Producer-Link (m)

Storage-Link (1)

Producer-Link (k)

Producer-Link (1)

LV_ Grid - Link (i)

Storage-Link (p)

Storage-Link(i)

Producer-Link (m)

Producer-Link (k)MV_ Grid - Link (i)

Storage-Link (1) Producer-Link (1)

Producer-Link (m)Storage-Link (p)

Storage-Link(i)

Storage-Link (1)

Producer-Link (k)HV_ Grid - Link (i)

Producer-Link (1)

TSO – DSO cross borderTSO – DSO cross border

Boundary node

Boundary node

Operation / Study Grid - Link (i)

Neighbor_Grid-Link(1)

M

M

M

MM M

M

M

M

M

AGGREGATOR

M

M M M

Unified LINK-based architecture of smart power

systems and electricity market

Generalized LINK-based architecture of smart power

systems

Content

Problem statement


14


Conclusions

Two use cases:


- Demand respomse

MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and

operated in the framework of ZUQDE project, Salzburg, Austria

BLiN

˜

MVG

30.0 kV

Secondary

control

˜

˜ ˜

Q Q

U

Q Q

cosf=const

Neighbor LV-Grid-LinkNeighbor LV-Grid-Link

Neighbor HV-Grid-Link

Operation / Study MV-Grid-Link

Lungau

Neighbor LV-Grid-Link

cos(f)=const.

MV-Grid-Link

15

Reactive power and voltage control

Content

Problem statement


16


Conclusions

Two use cases:


- Demand respomse

Restauration in case of total black out:

Power systems using the LINK-based architecture

Demand response process: line overload on high voltage grid

Costumer

-LinkCostumer

-Link

HV_LinkOne line is

overloaded.

It is required 2% and

6% demand

reduction in points AH

and BH respectively

AH

BH

MV_Link_12% demand reduction

can be reached by using

CVR. No other actions

are necessary

MV_Link_2Only 5.4% demand

reduction can be reached

by using CVR. Other

actions are necessary

LV_Link_20.2 % demand reduction

can not be realised

within the link. Other


A2M

B2M

Customer-Link0.4 % demand reduction

by switching off cooling

system. No other actions

are necessary

A1L

-0.01%

new set point

approved

set point

Customer

-LinkA2L

Customer

-Link

LV_Link_10.4 % demand reduction

can not be realised

within the link. Other


Customer

-Link

LV_Link

HVSO

MVSO_A LVSO-A

LVSO-B

B2L

HMU-123

HMU-945

HMU-1001

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.18

Demand response process: real-time pricing

Content

Problem statement


20


Conclusions

Two use cases:


- Demand response

Conclusions

The unified LINK – based operation architecture:

- Harmonizes power systems physics with the electricity market rules

- Provides cyber security and data privacy by minimizing the number of the exchanged

data

- “LINK” paradigm harmonizes the entire power grid and the costumer plants in one unique

holistic model.

- Facilitates all actual power system operation processes like demand response, load-

generation balance, voltage assessment, outage managements, etc.

21

- Minimizes the restauration time after black outs

- “LINK” – solution facilitates the integration of renewable distributed energy resources

in large scale thus enabling the decarbonisation of power industry.

Thank you for your attention

Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Albana Ilo

TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives

Telefon: +43 (0)1 58801 370114

Mail: [email protected]

22

link-solution for the decarbonisation of power industry

Documents