link from the lab to today:. leaf structure and function and ac leaf hunter activity!! (on monday)
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Link from the Lab to Today:
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Leaf Structure and Functionand AC Leaf Hunter Activity!! (on Monday)
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Copy this into your notebooks.
Leaf StructureFig. 1: Cross-Section of a Leaf
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Term Definitions:Epidermis – Outer layer of leaf tissues (cuticle and leaf hairs)
Cuticle – Waxy protective outer layer of epidermis that prevents water loss on leaves, green stems, and fruits. It’s made of wax and cutin (a lipid); the amount of hydrophobic cutin increases with light intensity.
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1) Upper layer: The most photosynthetically active portion of the leaf:
• Palisade mesophyll – A tightly packed layer of parenchyma tissues filled with chloroplasts for PS.
• Chloroplasts – Sub-cellular, photosynthetic structures in leaves and other green tissues.
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1) Upper layers: The most photosynthetically active portion of the leaf:
• Chlorophyll -- a green plant pigment that captures the energy in light and begins the transformation of that energy into sugars.
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Significance of leaf structure… Why is there more air space on the bottom? Why are the chloroplasts more dense on top?
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2) Lower Layer: Gas exchange and nutrient transport
• Vascular bundle (leaf veins) – Xylem (top -- water conduction) and phloem tissues (bottom – sugar and nutrient transport).
• Spongy mesophyll – Layer of parenchyma tissues loosely arranged to facilitate movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. It also may contain some chloroplasts.
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2) Lower Layer: Gas exchange and nutrient transport
• Spongy mesophyll – Layer of parenchyma tissues loosely arranged to facilitate movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. It also may contain some chloroplasts.
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Gas exchange in the leaf.
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2) Lower Layer: Gas exchange and nutrient transport
• Stomata – Openings in leaves and non-woody stems that allow for gas exchange (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen).
• Guard cells – Specialized kidney-shaped cells that open and close the stomata (based on water levels.)
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External Features of the leaf:
• Leaf blade – Flattened part of the leaf
• Petiole – Leaf stalk• Stipules – Leaf-like
appendages at the base of the leaf
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Copy this into your notebooks.
Fig. 2: Leaf External Structure
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Make a heading in your notebooks entitled ‘’AC Leaf Hunter”
• We will be going outside to document and draw different types of leaves; take a picture of the leaves you find to add further details to your drawing once we return to the classroom.
• Find 6 different types of leaves. Label whether each one is a monocot or a dicot. Describe the texture of the leaf; does it have a waxy coating? Are the leaf veins parallel or branched? Does the top surface have a waxy feel or appearance? Describe the size, structure, shape and distribution of the leaves… e.x. jagged vs. smooth edges, single vs. clustered leaves, branched vs. un-branched petioles, thickness of the blade, petiole and veins, etc…
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Monocot vs. dicot (parallel vs. branched veins)
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Leaf arrangement on the petiole:
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Leaf structure and qualities
• Describe the texture of the leaf; does it have a waxy coating? Are the leaf veins parallel or branched? Does the top surface have a waxy feel or appearance? Describe the size, structure, shape and distribution of the leaves… e.x. jagged vs. smooth edges, single vs. clustered leaves, branched vs. un-branched petioles, thickness of the blade, petiole and veins, etc…
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Take a picture of the leaf and the plant after making your sketch…
• We can add more details later and determine more specifics about the type of leaf, e.x.
• Whether the leaf is simple or complex (and palmate or pinnate)
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Simple vs. Compound leaves
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Specific Leaf Shape (advanced)
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Making Biological Drawings (final draft version: 10 marks.)
• Write the species of the leaf on top of the page (as your title)
• Don’t ‘shade’ a line that’s solid.• Use pencil; when completed, draw over the
pencil with dark blue or black ink.• Use a ruler to make all straight lines;– Drawing on the left side of the page.– Writing on the right.
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Making biological drawings… Dicot Leaves
• Start a new page, after the rough drawings we made outside.
• Take your best leaf drawing; compare it with the picture you took. Make sure you know what species of leaf it is!
• Label all structures of the leaf; use the leaf guide to describe the exact leaf shape, arrangement on the stem, etc…
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SC30243 Leaf Hunter AssignmentDrawing of a _____________ leaf.
Description of leaf size, shape and arrangement on the stem
Scale:____ = x cm
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SC30243 Leaf Hunter AssignmentDrawing of a Carica papaya Leaf