1. MORPHOLOGYBerkay Firtina 100908013Serhat Gokce 100908001

2. MORPHOLOGY Whats the morphology ?Which types of a word can explain this? 3. OUTLINE Morphology? Hmm.. Terminologies Word Morpheme Parts of Speech Classification of Morphemes Free Morp. Bound Morp. 4. OUTLINE Making new words Coining Meaning Change Compounding Division of Morphemes 5. MORPHOLOGY Morphology is the study of the forms and formationof words. Word is a sound or sound groups articulated thatexpress a idea. 6. MORPHOLOGYMORPHEME Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit inthe grammar of a language. Morphemes are what make up words doesnot necessarily have to be a word Every morpheme is either a base or an affix.(prefix/suffix) 7. PARTS OF SPEECH Conjunctions AND Pronouns SHE Verbs READ Determiners THE Adjectives PINKY Nouns BOOK Adverbs HAPPILY Prepositions OUT Interjections GOODNESS! 8. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES Free Morphemes Open Class Morphemes Closed Class Morphemes Bound Morphemes 9. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES Free morphemes-units that can stand alone aswords by themselves. TREE Bound morphemes-units that must beattached or bound to a free morphemeTREES 10. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES TYPES OF FREE MORPHEME Free Morphemes Open Class Morphemes Closed Class Morphemes 11. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMESTYPES OF FREE MORPHEMEOpen Morphemes Open Morpheme has independent meaning. It can stand alone. Also known as content words. 12. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMESTYPES OF FREE MORPHEMEClosed Morphemes Closed Morpheme has dependent meaning. It can not stand alone. Closed Class are not re-productive. 13. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMESTYPES OF FREE MORPHEMEClosed Morphemes They serve a function. Definiteness Comparison Quantity Conjoining Etc. 14. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES BOUND MORPHEME Bound morphemes(affixes) must be attachedto the word. They are two kinds of bound morphemes. Contractible Morphemes Affixes 15. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMESBOUND MORPHEMEContractible Morpheme Contractible morphemes are like; I will Ill They had TheydSo, they are auxiliary modals such as will, shall,has, have, had and would can be contracted ininformal style of language. 16. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES BOUND MORPHEMEAffixes Affixes divided into 3 groups; Prefixes unclean Infixesnowadays Suffixes adjustment 17. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMESBOUND MORPHEME Derivational versus Inflectional Derivational morphemes say we will change themeaning of a word.BUT! Inflectional morphemes say we wont change themeaning of a word but we will modify. Kind aconciliatory gesture :) 18. MORPHEMES BOUNDFREEAFFIXConractible Open Class Closed ClassDerivational InclectionalPrefx Suffix Suffix -un -ness -eris Nouns (bed) Conjunctions (but) -re -ship -ed are Verbs (bad) Prepositions (in) -anti -ist-estwillAdverbs (absolutely) Pronouns (he) 19. UN COUNT - ABLE PREFX -STEM - SUFFX UN COUNTABLE BOUND FREE BOUNDDERIVATIONALINFLECTIONAL 20. MAKING NEW WORDSCategories These techniques could be included in 3 majorcategories; Coining Meaning Change Compounding 21. MAKING NEW WORDS Coining Practically, it is a shortening process of alonger word.Abbrevition Nasa (NationalCIA (Central MTAeronautics and Intelligence Agency)(Milli stihbaratSpace Tekilat)Administration) OrthographicDr. (Doctor) Ms. (Miss) Mr. (Mdr) AbbreviationsAcronymsDNASSR ( Satellite PA (Pamukkale(Deoxyribonucleic System Receiver )niversitesi) Acid) ClippingsWi-Fi H-F(Wireless Fidelity)(High Definition) BlendingSmog Spork (Spoon+Fork)Avrasya(smoke+fog)(Avrupa+Asya) Generification Apirin ElevatorUfo (Isitici olan) 22. MAKING NEW WORDS Meaning Change It is the (slight) change of meaning which isthe major factor in producing novel words.Category Change Process (v)To compound(v)Process (n)To compound(n)Metaphorical Illuminate To light up Extension Back formation DeconstructDiplomat(Deconstruction) (Diplomatic) 23. MAKING NEW WORDSCompounding Compounding is combining two morphemes. Four Possibilities here are; Open Class + Open Class Hand-bag Open Class + Closed Class Drive-in Closed Class + Open Class Inbound Closed Class + Closed Class Within 24. Noun-Noun FootballDarkroom BeiktaNoun + Verb Haircut SunriseAtekesNoun + Past partipleHandmadeMiddle-agedGecekonduNoun + AdjectiveSnowwhite Trouble-freeNoun + Adverb Hanger-on Passer-byNoun + Gerund Bookkeeping Faultfinding AakakanNoun + PrepositionLove-in Hanger onNoun + Preposition + Noun End to endFace to face Die di 25. Verb + NounTelltaleHangmanAtardamarVerb + VerbBecomeFreeze-Dry ekyatVerb + AdverbDrawbackSend-offVerb + Preposition Check-out Check-inVerb + GerundAdjective + Noun SoftwareFull moonAdjective + Verb Undertake Undergo 26. Division of Morphemes 27. Sometimes, sentences have multiple meanings and these meaningscan be described in terms of different groupings of words, ordifferent trees. For example, the sentence The tourist saw the astronomer withthe telescope. could mean either of the following things; 1. The tourist used the telescope to see the astronomer. 2. The astronomer that the tourist saw had a telescope. The difference is whether the prepositional phrase (PP) with thetelescope is grouped with saw the astronomer or just theastronomer. We can use tree diagrams to show this difference. Note that these trees require building blocks beyond the set givenabove. 28. The tourist used the telescope to see the astronomer 29. The astronomer that the tourist saw had a telescope.