Linguistic Issues in Canada

Presented by - Um, Jung Ah Lee, Ah Young Lee, Jung Eun

Jeon, Chang Hee

Contents

Official Language Act in CanadaImmigration

Education

Language Policy in Canada

In 1867 - Section 133 of the British North America Act permitted the use of either English or French

In 1969- Parliament adopted the first Official Languages Act

In 2002 - The New Brunswick government introduces a bill to update and modernize their Official Languages Act.

In 2003- The Federal Government announces its Action Plan for Official Languages (2003/04 - 2007/08)

Three Pillars of Action PlanEducation

Investing $381.5 million to tackle both minority-language education

Community developmentInvesting $269.3 million to help minority communities have broader a

ccess to public services and government programs in their own language,

Federal Public serviceInvest $64.6 million to improve the delivery of services in both official

languages, promote equitable participation of English- and French-speaking Canadians in the federal government, and the use of both languages in the workplace.

Source: Canada’s Linguistic Duality Date: (April 02, 2003) http://www.marlenejennings.parl.gc.ca/issue_details.asp?lang=en&IssueID=128

Linguistic Duality

An asset to Canada?Government Sponsoring involved! Why?

-Language Duality is at the heart of Canada’s collective identity

-Knowledge of both official languages is a matter of cultural and economic enrichment

QuebecApproximately 25% of elementary and secondary school students in Quebec receive their instruction in English.

2 of the 12 daily newspapers in Quebec are published in English.

There are 15 English radio stations in Quebec

(vs. 11 in 1970).

35% of all movies shown in theaters are in English

Immigration

languageability, 24

arrangedemployment, 10

adaptability, 10 age, 10

education,25

workexperience, 21

Immigration Points

http://www.workpermit.com/canada/individual/skilled.htm#Factor 2

Eligible if you get more

than 67 points

Immigration points system

http://www.workpermit.com/canada/individual/skilled.htm#Factor 2

Approved language tests

EnglishIELTS (General Training options)CELPIP: Canadian English Language Prof

iciency Index Program

FrenchTEF: Test d’évaluation de français

Providing written evidence

a written submission explaining your training in English or Frenchan explanation of how you commonly use English or Frenchofficial documentation of education in English or Frenchofficial documentation of work experience in English or French

To become a Canadian citizen

You must: be 18 years of age or older; be a permanent resident of Canada; have lived in Canada for at least three of the

four years before applying;

be able to communicate in either English or French;

know about Canada; and know about the rights and responsibilities of

citizenship.

LINC program

Language Instruction for Newcomers to CanadaLanguage classes paid by the federal government of CanadaAbout 90 LINC centers available

LINC program

Eligible if you areA permanent resident of CanadaConvention refugeea person in Canada whose application for

Permanent Resident status is being processed

Every adult is able to apply

ELT

Enhanced Language Training programProviding higher level of English needed to find a

decent jobsTotal assistance to immigrants to be

remained in labor market; work placements, mentoring, cultural

orientation to the workplace, preparation for licensure exams and internships

Francophone Immigration

Increasing the number of French speakers to strengthen French speaking communitiesTo sustain tradition of bilingualismBy 2008, 4.4% of French-speaking immigrants outside Quebec

Education1. Bilingualism

2. Global English

The Politics of BilingualismAfter the military defeat of the French at the battle of Quebec in 1812,

politically linked together, largely for pragmatic reasons, and the relationship between the nation’s cultural peripheries and centre continue to change

the Result of a conscious effort to Embrace Diverse Cultural Interests in a Single Political Entity

Canada-wide

a confederation of Five Provinces and Three Territories- Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Quebec and Saskatchewan the Provinces and Territories are responsible for elementary, secondary and postsecondary educationEach Reflects the Diversity of its own regional history, culture, and geography

 Kindergarten to Grade 12 (Ages 6-18)

Education System; Public Ed

Elementary Secondary Ed(G7-12)

Post-Secondary; College &University

• Publicly Funded and Free to all Canadian citizens

• The powers and duties of these school authorities are defined in Provincial or Territorial statutes • Curriculum programs at the

secondary level include both academic and vocational

programs

Private Schools

a large number of private or independent schools function independently of the public school system and charge fees A far larger portion of private schools are religious based institutions

Language of Instruction in Québec

French is the first language of over 80 percent of the population of Quebec French is the language of instruction Although English is a minority language, it still has a strong influence. The Canadian Charter of Rights of Freedoms(1982) defines the right of English or French minorities to receive instruction in their language.

Subjects Taught in Elementary

http://www.meq.gouv.qc.ca/rens/brochu/anglais/edu_serv.htm

The Canadian Education &Training Industry

The Canadian Education and Training Industry

Valued $ 45.3 billion – 3.8% of GDP

-> knowledge-based economy

English Education in Canada & out of Canada

In Canada - Language Schools

Average enrollment – 800(per school per year)Target: international students, new Canadians and refugees, summer study programsInternational students from more than 200 countries

Language Training Market

Significant market ? -> Korea $ 4.6 billion

Canadian English teachersCanadian language firms

Canadian language firms

Joint ventures between regional education boards in Canada and private institutes and public schoolsin Korea

English teacher-placement agencies based in Korea and managed by Canadians or based in Canada with an office represented in Korea by Korean nationals Education companies managed by Canadians with offices in Korea for the purpose of student exchange, short-term youth camps and similar activities

Canadian-owned sole proprietorships operated by Canadians living in Korea.

Language Training Market - in China

Not a big income yet ( $ 2.8 billion)

After, Beijing Olympic in 2008 ( translating, interpret and etc.)

-> $ 4.3 billion are expected in 2010

Expectations

More international students More/better English language schoolsMore teacher trainings

= > Growth of the English Education Industry continues

References

http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/lo-ol/legislation/04_e.cfm canada heritagehttp://www.marlenejennings.parl.gc.ca/issue_details.asp?lang=en&IssueID=128 http://www.neuvel.net/Quebec_ling.htm#English http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/lo-ol/biling/hist_e.cfm http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/newcomer/welcome/wel-22e.html

http://www.workpermit.com/canada/individual/skilled.htm#Factor 2

http://www.ceis.ca

http://strategis.gc.ca/training

http://www.canada.gc.ca/main_e.html

Thank you!