Liliana Miranda Sara Mg. Arch.

Chance2sustain EU 7th research Framework

Cities for Life Forum

lmiranda@ciudad.org.pe

www.ciudad.org.pe

Resilience to Climate Change: City Water (risk) Governance Cases of Lima and Arequipa, Peru

Lima accounts for:8 million inhabitants2.1 % Growth rate28% ….. National Population45 %......GNP56 %......Industrial GP60 %......Nat. Services84 % .....Tax collection70 % .....Export companies 52 % .....Urban poor (nat.)

AREQUIPA700,000 inhabitants

Richest consume: 250 lts/per/dayPoorest (not connected): 25 lts/per/day (paying 10 times more)

Climate change impacts on water availability• The current capacity of Peru’s glaciers is 43 billion m3 (2007)• This represents 40% of the country’s water ‘stock’ - 25 billion m3• It is projected that in 10 years time 40% of Peru’s water ‘stock’

(glaciers) will be gone….we will only depend of rain…

HighlyPossibleScenarioSource: MINAM

The four river basins of Lima Chillón, Rímac, Lurín and Mantaro rivers

•2nd driest city in the world.•Peruvian tropical glaciers retreated by 22% over the past 25 years (including the Huaytapallana), which has lost the equivalent of water consumed in 10 years Lima

Water related Impacts and risks to Climate Change in Peru

Peru is one of the 10 most vulnerable countries in the world (IPCC)

Relocation of 2 million people: climate relocation (floods, sea level rises, loss of livelihoods).

Reduction in availability of and access to water. Reduced hydropower generation (68% of energy source in Peru). Availability of water dependant on rain and groundwater (causing

rationing during drought). Increased conflicts over water use. Meanwhile the water and energy demands increases (the

population of Lima increases by 120,000 annually).

Based in: Environmental Ministry of Peru (MINAM)

LIMA’S TERRITORY OVERDIVISIONHousing Ministry, 4 Regional Governments, 7 Provincial

Municipalities and 53 District Municipalities…..

Institutional Capacity weaknes Not enough financial resources and technology to adapt ,

to respond and act accordingly Low level of knowledge and awareness about the impacts

of climate change in the city, its water and everyday life Lack of policies, instruments and strong institutions for

regional and city management and governability: No Sustainable Development Regional Plan neither City wide

Development Plan nor Risk Management Plan

SUSTAINABILITY AND GOVERNANCE IN THE TERRITORY AND CITY

City quality environment (Brown)

City as part of a wider

ecosystem: (Territory)

New actors are needed to sustainably manage these interactions (Governance)

Nature inside and around the city

(Green)

Challenges:

To develop and strengthen resilience capacity of actors and networks for adaptation in Lima and Arequipa cities and territories

To build up consensus and agreements about what can be done, in collaboration and “concertation” with governments, businesses, community organizations, ngo’s, academic and media.

To strengthen territory and city water (risk) governance on adaptation to climate change of Lima and Arequipa

City Water (risk) Governance Resilience to Climate Change

City for Life + Risk Governance,+ Water Public Management

“The integration in the territory and the city of water related risks to climate change to contribute to their Sustainability and Governance”

The final purpose:

How (and with whom) to develop an integrated and equitable City Water (risk) Policy and Governance Strategy?

To clarify who (and how) decides what and where, and Which resilient capacities should be enhanced in order to be able to implement it

MULTIPLE LEVEL OF ANALYSIS:

IDENTIFYING KEY ACTOR´S RESILIENCE CAPACITIES

NATIONAL LEVEL Policies, norms and strategies

LOCAL LEVELParticipatory action research

REGIONAL LEVEL City + Territory interactions

Social construction of Knowledgeand consensus building

Safe Water (environment

health)

Housing (Social)

Urban and Water

Infrastructure

Risk Issues

Environmental Issues (climate change)

International organizations

PNUD, BID, CAN (finance and policy development)

PNUD, BID (finance and policy development)

PNUD, BID (finance and policy development)

PNUD, CANPolicy development

UNEP, other UNAgencies

National government

MVCS and EPSs (SEDAPAL), MINAM, MINSA. (National policies, laws and finances investments)

MVCS (National policies, laws and finances investments)

MTC, MINSAPolicies, laws, coordination and implementation, finances investments

INDECI Policies, security org.

PCM, MINAMDisasterprevention andmanagement

Regional government GORE

GOREs Direcciones Sectoriales- (finances investments and implements projects)

GOREs -Direcciones Sectoriales- (co-finances investments)

GOREs (co-finances investments)Coordination,Monitoring (Dirección Regional Sectorial)

INDECI-GORE(Secretaria de Def. Civil)Coordination

GORE Gerencia Regional de RRNN y Gestion Ambiental

Local governments (Provinciales distritales)

Waste watertreatment and safe water control- finances investments and implements projects

Supervises housingstandards, zoning, licences, local norms

Local infrastructure,grant programs from nat. Gov. licences, dictates local norms

INDECI- Secretaries, Committees, risk planning, security

Adaptation policy integrationSecretarys, Comitees.Disaster management

New Kinds of Risks and Organizations Responsible in Peru (based on Baud/Hordijk)

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CITY WATER GOVERNANCE ?

City Concertation Board

Civil Society

NGOsand private organizations

Universities and Experts

Civil SocietyCivil SocietyCivil Society Organizations

+ Regional + Provincial Governments PlatformMVCS + SEDAPAL

Thanks!

Cities for Life Fora, Executive Director:

Mg. Arch. Liliana Miranda SaraVargas Machuca 408, San Antonio,

Miraflores, Lima PerúTeléf./fax + 51 (1) 2411488, 2425140Email: lmiranda@ciudad.org.peWeb page: www.ciudad.org.pe