ISBN 978 3 901906 86 2

COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION

LIGHTING OF ROADS FOR MOTOR AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

CIE 115:2010 2nd Edition

UDC: 628.971 Descriptor: Exterior lighting

628.971.6 Street lighting (fixed)

CIE 115:2010

CONTENTS

SUMMARY

RESUME

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 1.2 Need for Road Lighting

2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 2.1 Average Luminance of the Road Surface [Lav] 2.2 Overall Uniformity of Road Luminance [U0] 2.3 Longitudinal Uniformity of Road Surface Luminance [Ц] 2.4 Threshold Increment Tl [fTI] 2.5 Surround Ratio SR [Rs] 2.6 Discomfort Glare

3 THE PURPOSE OF ROAD LIGHTING

4 ROAD LIGHTING FOR THE MOTORIST 4.1 General Information 4.2 The Role of Road Lighting in Motor Traffic Safety

5 VISUAL CONDITIONS CONFRONTING THE MOTORIST 5.1 General 5.2 Urban Conditions 5.3 Rural Conditions 5.4 Weather Conditions 5.5 Age of the Road User 5.6 The Driver's Task and Visual Requirements 5.7 Direct Visual Guidance

6 QUALITY CRITERIA AND LIGHTING CLASSES 6.1 Quality Criteria for Road Lighting 6.2 Selection of Lighting Classes

6.2.1 Normal Lighting 6.2.2 Adaptive Lighting

7 REQUIREMENTS FOR MOTORIZED TRAFFIC 7.1 The Luminance Concept 7.2 Practical Considerations for Direct Visual Guidance

8 THE LIGHTING OF CONFLICT AREAS

9 ROAD LIGHTING FOR PEDESTRIANS 9.1 General 9.2 Crime and Lighting Studies 9.3 Road Accidents in Residential Areas 9.4 Quality Criteria

9.4.1 Lighting of Horizontal Surfaces 9.4.2 Lighting of Vertical Surfaces 9.4.3 Control of Glare 9.4.4 Choice of Light Source

9.5 Lighting Levels for Pedestrian and Low Speed Traffic Areas

10 APPEARANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 10.1 Energy Conservation 10.2 Appearance 10.3 Obtrusive Light

11 VISIBILITY CONCEPT AND MESOPIC VISION

12 REFERENCES

IV

CIE 115:2010

ANNEX A: EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS 23 A.1 Costs 23 A.2 Profitability of Road Lighting 25 A.3 Examples 26

ANNEX B: ROAD LIGHTING UNDER SNOW CONDITIONS 28

ANNEX C: THRESHOLD INCREMENT Tl [FTI] 29

ANNEX D: CONTROL OF GLARE IN PEDESTRIAN AND LOW SPEED TRAFFIC AREAS 30

ANNEX E: EXAMPLES FOR M, C, AND P LIGHTING CLASSES 32

V