Life ScienceLife ScienceStructure and Function in Structure and Function in

Living ScienceLiving Science

Structure & FunctionStructure & Function

Living systems at Living systems at all levels of all levels of organization organization demonstrate the demonstrate the complementary complementary nature of nature of structure and structure and function. function.

Important levels of Important levels of organization for organization for structure and structure and function include :function include :

cellscells tissuestissues organsorgans organ systemsorgan systems organisms organisms (bacteria. (bacteria.

fungi, plants, animals)fungi, plants, animals)

ecosystemsecosystems

Structure & FunctionStructure & FunctionThe fundamental units of life are cells. All The fundamental units of life are cells. All

organisms are composed of cells. Most organisms are composed of cells. Most organisms are single cells other organisms organisms are single cells other organisms such as plants and animals are multi-cellular.such as plants and animals are multi-cellular.

Cells carry on the many functions needed to Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work the cells do and to make energy for the work the cells do and to make materials that a cell or an organism needs.materials that a cell or an organism needs.

Structure & FunctionStructure & Function

Specialized cells perform Specialized cells perform specialized function in multi-specialized function in multi-cellular organisms. Groups of cellular organisms. Groups of specialized cells cooperate to specialized cells cooperate to form tissues. Different tissues form tissues. Different tissues are,in turn, grouped together are,in turn, grouped together to form larger functional units to form larger functional units called organs.called organs.

Structure & FunctionStructure & Function Each type of cell, Each type of cell,

tissue, and organ tissue, and organ has a distinct has a distinct structure and set structure and set of functions that of functions that serve the serve the organisms.organisms.

Regulation & behaviorRegulation & behavior

All organisms must be able to All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions stable internal conditions while living in a constantly while living in a constantly changing external changing external environment.environment.

Regulation & behaviorRegulation & behavior

Regulation of an organism’s Regulation of an organism’s internal environment involves internal environment involves sensing the internal environment sensing the internal environment and changing physiological and changing physiological activities to keep conditions within activities to keep conditions within that range required to survive.that range required to survive.

Maintaining a stable internal Maintaining a stable internal environment is essential for an environment is essential for an organism’s survival.organism’s survival.

Regulation & behaviorRegulation & behavior

Behavior is one kind of response Behavior is one kind of response an organism may make to an an organism may make to an internal or environmental internal or environmental stimulus. A behavioral response an stimulus. A behavioral response an organism may make to an internal organism may make to an internal or environmental stimulus. A or environmental stimulus. A behavioral response requires behavioral response requires coordination and communication coordination and communication at many levels including cells at many levels including cells organ systems, and organisms.organ systems, and organisms.

Regulation & behaviorRegulation & behavior

Behavioral responseBehavioral response is a is a set of actions set of actions determined in part by determined in part by heredity and in part heredity and in part from experience.from experience.

Reproduction and HeredityReproduction and Heredity

Reproduction is a characteristics of all Reproduction is a characteristics of all living systems and is essential to the living systems and is essential to the continuation of every species. Some continuation of every species. Some organisms reproduce asexually and organisms reproduce asexually and other reproduce sexually. In species other reproduce sexually. In species

that reproduce sexually, include that reproduce sexually, include humans and plants, male and female humans and plants, male and female sex cells carrying genetic information sex cells carrying genetic information

unite to begin to development of a new unite to begin to development of a new individual.individual.

Reproduction & Reproduction & HeredityHeredity

Every organism Every organism requires a set of requires a set of instructions for instructions for specifying its specifying its traits. This traits. This information is information is contained in contained in genes located in genes located in the chromosomes the chromosomes of each cell. of each cell.

Heredity is the Heredity is the passage of passage of these these instructions instructions from one from one generation to generation to another.another.

Diversity & Adaptations Diversity & Adaptations of Organismsof Organisms

Biological change over time Biological change over time accounts for the diversity of accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual species developed through gradual processes over many generation. processes over many generation. Biological adaptations include Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success survival and reproductive success in a particular environment.in a particular environment.

Diversity & Adaptations of Diversity & Adaptations of OrganismsOrganisms

Extinction of a species occurs Extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics and the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient at of a species are insufficient at allow it survival. Extinction of allow it survival. Extinction of species is common; most of the species is common; most of the species that have lived on earth species that have lived on earth on longer exist.on longer exist.

Review Review QuestionsQuestions

List 3 List 3 examples of examples of organisms.organisms.

Important levels of Important levels of organization for organization for structure and structure and

function include function include what??what??

________ is a set of ________ is a set of actions determined actions determined in part by heredity in part by heredity and in part from and in part from

experience.experience.

Maintaining a stable Maintaining a stable internal internal

environmental is environmental is essential for an essential for an

organism's _______.organism's _______.

What are the two What are the two ways to ways to

reproduce??reproduce??

In your own words, In your own words, what is the what is the definition of definition of extinction??extinction??

Question Question AnswersAnswers

BacteriaBacteriaProtestsProtestsFungiFungiPlantsPlantsAnimalsAnimals

• CellsCells• TissuesTissues• OrgansOrgans• Organ SystemOrgan System• Organisms Organisms • EcosystemEcosystem

Behavioral Behavioral ResponseResponse

SurvivalSurvival

Asexually& Asexually& sexuallysexually

Extinction is a species Extinction is a species that no longer that no longer

exists.exists.