life-saving appliances bvn tm lsa3 - lifejackets head office – department technology equipment -...

LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES BVN TM LSA3 - Lifejackets

Head Office – Department Technology Equipment - V0 – January 2010

Content

3Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Life-Saving Appliances – BVN TM LSA3 – V0 – January 2010

Content

►1 – Objectives

►2 – Lifejackets

►3 – Type Tests

►4 – Typical tasks for survey

►5 – Requirements to be studied

1 – Objectives


1 – Objectives

• To be familiar with the Lifejackets

• Study of the Rules related to the Lifejackets

2 – Lifejackets


Lifejackets

A lifejacket is designed to assist a wearer, either conscious or unconscious, to keep afloat with his or her mouth and nose (airway) of his or her head's face above the water surface when in or on water


Lifejackets

INHERENT

►TYPES :

INFLATABLE


Lifejackets

►SIZES :

cm

Kg


Lifejackets

►Components and vocabulary :

Retro-reflective

material

Belt

Position Indicating

Light

Buckle

Whistle

Foam

Sewing

Threads

Marking


Lifejackets

►Components and vocabulary :

Oral Inflation tubeWaist

Belt

Inflatable Chamber

Buckle

Whistle

Lifting loop

Manual Inflation

device

Gas cylinder

Automatic Inflation

device

Retro-reflective material

Cover

3 – Type Testing

3.1 – Process


Type Testing’s process

Type Testing

► Type testing shall not be performed prior to : ► The Examine the technical documentation► The verification that the Specimen has been manufactured in accordance with the

technical documentation

► The applicant shall be in charge of the conduction of the type tests

► The notified body shall witness the type tests

European council Directive 96/98/EC on marine equipments

ProcessProcess

Applicant

Notified Body

Specimen : representative of the production envisaged

Conducted by the applicant

3.2 – Adult Lifejackets’ Type tests


Lifejackets’ Type Testing

Size

► The Adult size can not be subdivided [MSC.48(66) § 2.2.1.2]

► An “adult SIZE” lifejacket fully complying with the requirements of two adjacent size ranges may be marked with both size ranges Lifejackets.

► An “adult lifejacket” not designed to fit persons weighing up to 140 kg and with a chest girth of up to 1,750 mm, suitable accessories shall be available to allow it to be secured to such persons. [MSC.48(66) § 2.2.1.2]

Adult Lifejackets’ Type

DefinitionDefinition



Size

► An Adult lifejackets should readily fit various sizes of adults, both lightly and heavily clad [MSC.81(70) § 2.7.1.2]

► An Adult Lifejackets will be tested by [MSC.81(70) Table 2.1]


Height & WeightHeight & Weight

40 kg

to

80 kg

40 kg

to

100 kg

43 kg

to

110 kg

60kg

to

>120 kg

60 kg

to

>120 kg

80 kg

to

>120 kg

cm

Kg



Temperature cycling test

Fire testBuoyancy test

Tests presented

CommentsComments

► The aims of this presentation is to describe the test requirements contained in the IMO Resolution MSC.81(70) as amended by the MSC.200(80), the MSC 226(82) and by the MSC.274(85)

Strength testsWater

performance tests

3.2.1 – Temperature cycling test



TemperatureCycling

Test

► Type testing shall A T° cycling test will last at least 20 days

► T° and time shall be recorded continuously in order to ensure the correct realization of the test


ProcessProcess

X 10 Cycles

3.2.2 – Buoyancy test



BuoyancyTest

► The buoyancy of the lifejacket should be measured before and after 24 h complete submersion to just below the surface in fresh water

► The difference between the initial buoyancy and the final buoyancy should not exceed 5% of the initial buoyancy


ProcessProcess

3.2.3 – Fire test



FireTest

► The lifejacket should not sustain burning for more than 6 s or continue melting after being removed from the flames


ProcessProcess

3.2.4 – Strength test

3.2.4.1 –Body or lifting loop strength



Body or lifting loop strength

Test

► Immersed the lifejacket in water 2 min prior to conduct the test

► Apply a Force of not less than 3,200 N for 30 min to the part of the lifejacket that secures it to the body of the wearer

► Apply a Force of not less than 3,200 N for 30 min to the lifting loop of the lifejacket

► Repeat the test for each encircling closure


ProcessProcess

The lifejacket should not be damaged as a result of this test. The lifejacket should not be damaged as a result of this test.

3.2.4.2 – Shoulder lift test



Shoulder liftTest

► Test form for shoulder lift test shall be verified prior to perform the test

► Immersed the lifejacket in water 2 min prior to conduct the test

► Apply a Force of not less than 900 N for 30 min across the form and the shoulder section of the lifejacket Apply


ProcessProcess

The lifejacket should not be damaged as a result of this test.The lifejacket should not be damaged as a result of this test.The lifejacket should remain secured on the form during this test. The lifejacket should remain secured on the form during this test.

3.2.5 – Test subjects



Test Subjects

► 12 able-bodied persons

► Completely unfamiliar with the lifejacket

► Selected according to the “heights and weights’ table”


Criteria of selectionCriteria of selection

► Not less than 1/2 and not more than 2/3 of test subjects► At least one from the lowest and highest weight group

► At least 1/3, but not more than 1/2 of test subjects► At least one female from the lowest and highest weight group

MALE

FEMALE

MALE & FEMALE

► At least one male or female selected from each cell containing a 1 ► No more than one subject per cell ► Uniform distribution across weight ranges should be maintained► Small test subjects need not be adults



Test Subjects





ExamplesExamples

3.2.6 – Donning test



§2.7.4.1Without instruction

§2.7.4.3With Heavy-weather

clothing

§2.7.4.2After instruction

Donning Tests

CommentsComments

► The selection of the test subjects and the clothes must be in compliance with the requirements. Records related to the test subjects are to be added in the test report.



§2.7.4.1Without instruction

► Test Subjects wearing “normal clothing”

► Without assistance, guidance or prior demonstration

Donning Test Acceptance criteria

► 75% of the subjects capable to correctly don the lifejacket within 1 min

RESULT : RESULT : 9

12= 75%

8

12= 66%

ExamplesExamples



§2.7.4.2

After instruction

► Each subject whose first attempt exceeds 1 min or is incomplete

► Test Subjects wearing “normal clothing”

► After demonstration or instruction to familiarize the subject with the donning procedure


► 100 % of the subjects capable to correctly don the lifejacket within 1 min

RESULT : RESULT : 3

3= 100% = 66%

2

3

Before instruction

(§2.7.4.1)

ExamplesExamples

After instruction

(§2.7.4.2)

Before instruction

(§2.7.4.1)

After instruction

(§2.7.4.2)




RESULT : RESULT : 12

12= 100%

11

12= 92%

ExamplesExamples

§2.7.4.3

With Heavy-weather

► Test Subjects wearing “heavy-weather clothing”

► Without assistance, guidance or prior demonstration

► 100 % of the subjects capable to correctly don the lifejacket within 1 min

3.2.7 – Preparation of the Water performance test



Reference Test Device

Preparation of the tests

Test subjects

Preparation of the Water performance Tests

Comments

► The selection of the test subjects , the clothes and the Reference Test Device must be in compliance with the requirements. Records related to the test subjects are to be added in the test report.

Clothing

3.2.7.1 – Reference Test Device



Warning

► A RTD is intended for use only as a test reference standard to represent the desired level of in-water performance of a lifejacket

► Choose the correct RTD:► Size► conformity to the requirement of the IMO resolution


SIZESSIZES

ADULT INFANTCHILD

3.2.7.2 – Test Subjects



Test Subjects





Acceptance criteriaAcceptance criteria

Only good swimmersOnly good swimmersshould should be usedbe used

3.2.7.3 – Clothing



Normalclothing

► normal indoor clothing, which would not normally interfere with the donning of a lifejacket


Tee-shirt Trousers

ExamplesExamples



Heavy-weather clothing

► Attire appropriate for a hostile environment

► Including ► a hooded arctic parka► warm cotton gloves


Hooded arctic parka GlovesDungaree

ExamplesExamples



Water performance tests

clothing

► Shall be performed while wearing only swimming costumes


ExamplesExamples

3.2.7.4 – Preparation of the tests



Preparation of the tests

► Subjects shall be familiar with each tests

► No significant amount of air shall be trapped in the lifejacket or swimming costume


Acceptance criteriaAcceptance criteria

No air trappedNo air trapped

DANGEDANGERRRead Read

InstructionInstructions Firsts First

3.2.8 – Water performance tests


►Righting tests, Static balance measurements and Jump and drop tests shall be successively realized without readjustment of the lifejacket.


Righting tests Stability testStatic balance

measurements

Preparation of the Water performance Tests

Comments

Jump and drop tests

Swimming and water emergence

test

3.2.8.1 – Righting tests



Righting tests

► Test Subjects wearing “swimming costumes ”

► Test should be conducted six times with the lifejacket(highest and lowest times discarded)

► Test should be conducted six times with the RTD(highest and lowest times discarded)

Adult Lifejackets’ Type Acceptance criteria

► The lifejacket turn the persons in an average time not exceeding that of the RTD

Stage 1Stage 1Top viewTop view

Face Down positionHead lifted up so the mouth is out of the water

Subject’s feet supported with the heels just below the water surface

Shoulders width apart

Legs straight

Arms along the sides

Face viewFace view



Righting tests


Stage 2Stage 2

Relax arms & shoulders

Top viewTop viewFace viewFace view



Righting tests


Stage 3Stage 3

Relax legs




Righting tests


Stage 4Stage 4

Relax the spin & neck while breathing out

normally

Stable Face down position simulating a state of utter exhaustionStable Face down position simulating a state of utter exhaustion




Righting tests


Stage 5Stage 5

Release the feet and start the measurement




Righting tests


Stage 6Stage 6

► The period of time until the mouth of the test subject comes clear of the water should be recorded to the nearest 1/10 of a second, starting from when the subject’s feet are released

StartStart

When the subject’s

feet are released

EndEnd

When the mouth of the test subject

comes clear of the water

Water covering the subject’s face




► The lifejacket turn the persons in an average time not exceeding that of the RTD

► Test conducted six times with the lifejacket(highest and lowest times discarded)

► Test conducted six times with the RTD(highest and lowest times discarded)

Righting tests

ExamplesExamples

3.2.8.2 – Static balance measurements



Static balance measurements


► Test should be conducted six times with the lifejacket

► Test should be conducted six times with the RTD


Torso angle

Faceplane angle

Water surface



Static balance measurements



► Test should be conducted six times with the RTD


List angle

Freeboard

Water surface Water surface




► Performances obtained with the lifejacket

> Performances obtained with the RTD

► Test conducted six times with the lifejacket

► Test conducted six times with the RTDStatic balance measurements

ExamplesExamples

FreeboardFreeboard




► The The average of all subjects’ torso angles should be not less than the average for the RTD minus 5°



ExamplesExamples

Torso angleTorso angle






ExamplesExamples

Faceplane angleFaceplane angle

► The Average of all subjects’ faceplane angles should be not less than the average for the RTD minus 5°




► should permit it to be visible over as great a segment of the upper hemisphere as is practicable



ExamplesExamples

Position of the lifejacket lightPosition of the lifejacket light

LightLight

3.2.8.3 – Jump and drop test



Jump test




Jump from 1 meter height

Holding the arms over the head

Then simulate a state of utter exhaustion and record the freeboard to the mouth .

Acceptance criteria

► If injury is believed likely from any jump or drop test the lifejacket should be rejected or the test delayed

Freeboard



Drop test



► The lifejacket and its attachments should be examined for any damage


Jump from 4,5 meter height

Hold on to the lifejacket during water entry to avoid possible injury

Then simulate a state of utter exhaustion and record the freeboard to the mouth .

Acceptance criteria

► If injury is believed likely from any jump or drop test the lifejacket should be rejected or the test delayed

► Attachments should not be damaged

Freeboard

3.2.8.4 – Swimming and water emergence test



Stage 1Stage 1Swimming and

water emergence test

► All test subjects, without wearing the lifejacket, should attempt to swim 25 m and board a liferaft or a rigid platform with its surface 300 mm above the water surface

Acceptance criteria

ExampleExample


12 Tests subjects

As per MSC.81(70) §2.8.2 – Test subjects

board a liferaft

OR

board a rigid platform with its surface 300 mm above

the water surface

Swim 25 meters

9 Tests subjects Keep All test subjects

who successfully complete this task

3 Tests subjects Test subjects failing to

complete this task will not impact the final result of

the test



► All test subjects who successfully complete this task should perform it again wearing the lifejacket

► Remaining test subjects should attempt to swim 25 m and board a liferaft or a rigid platform with its surface 300 mm above the water surface

Acceptance criteria

Example - Successful resultExample - Successful result


9 Tests subjects

All test subjects who successfully complete the task without the lifejacket

board a liferaft

OR


the water surface

Swim 25 meters

6 Tests subjects

successfully complete the task with the lifejacket

► At least two thirds of the test subjects who can accomplish the task without the lifejacket should also be able to perform it with the lifejacket

RESULT : 6

9= 66%

3 Tests subjects

Failed to complete this task





► All test subjects who successfully complete this task should perform it again wearing the lifejacket

► Remaining test subjects should attempt to swim 25 m and board a liferaft or a rigid platform with its surface 300 mm above the water surface

Acceptance criteria

Example – Faulty resultExample – Faulty result


9 Tests subjects

All test subjects who successfully complete the task without the lifejacket

board a liferaft

OR


the water surface

Swim 25 meters

5 Tests subjects

successfully complete the task with the lifejacket

► At least two thirds of the test subjects who can accomplish the task without the lifejacket should also be able to perform it with the lifejacket

RESULT : 5

9= 55%

4 Tests subjects

Failed to complete this task



3.3 – Child Lifejackets



Size

► The Child sizes can not be subdivided [MSC.48(66) § 2.2.1.2]

► An lifejacket fully complying with the requirements of two adjacent size ranges may be marked with both size ranges Lifejackets.

Child Lifejackets’ Type




Size

► An child lifejackets should readily fit various sizes, both lightly and heavily clad [MSC.81(70) § 2.7.1.2]

► An child Lifejackets will be tested by [MSC.81(70) Table 2.2]


Child’s Height & WeightChild’s Height & Weight

14 kg to

20 kg

17 kg to

22 kg

22 kg to

28 kg

28 kg to

30 kg

30 kg to

38 kg

38 kg to

43 kg

79 cmto

105 cm

90 cmto

118 cm

102cmto

130 cm

112 cmto

135 cm

122 cmto

150 cm

145 cmto

165 cm

cm

Kg



Test Subjects






► At least 40% of the subjects


MALE

FEMALE

MALE & FEMALE

► One subject should be selected per each cell containing a “1”. ► Remaining subjects should be selected from cells containing an “X”, ► No more than one subject per cell



Test Subjects


ExamplesExamples




3.3.2 – Reference Test Device



Warning




SIZESSIZES

CHILD

3.3.2 – Type Tests




Buoyancy test

Type tests

Fire test

Strength tests

Donning test

► Similar to the type tests of an adult lifejacket



► Acceptance criteria are modified ► Body or lifting loop strength tests : the force to be applied shall not be less than 2 400 N► Shoulder lift test : the force to be applied shall not be less than 700 N

► Donning assistance is permitted for small children

Water performance

tests

Marking

► Assistance may be given to board a survival craft, but wearer mobility shall not be reduced to any greater extent than by the appropriate size RTD.

► Child lifejacket shall be marked with :► The size range ► A “child” symbol

3.4 – Infant Lifejacket



Size

► The Infant sizes can not be subdivided [MSC.48(66) § 2.2.1.2]

► An lifejacket fully complying with the requirements of two adjacent size ranges may be marked with both size ranges Lifejackets.

Infant Lifejackets’ Type




Size

► An infant lifejackets should readily fit various sizes, both lightly and heavily clad [MSC.81(70) § 2.7.1.2]

► An infant Lifejackets will be tested by [MSC.81(70) Table 2.3]


Infant’s Height & WeightInfant’s Height & Weight

< 11 kg

11 kg to

14 kg

<83 cm 79 cmto

105 cm

cm

Kg

14 kg to

17 kg

90 cmto

118 cm



Test Subjects

► 5 infants as small as 6 kg mass.



► Manikin(s) may be substituted for infant lifejacket test subjects.





MALE

FEMALE

MALE & FEMALE

► One subject should be selected per each cell containing a “1”. ► Remaining subjects should be selected from cells containing an “X”, ► No more than one subject per cell



Test Subjects


ExamplesExamples




3.4.2 – Reference Test Device



Warning




SIZESSIZES

INFANT

3.4.3 – Type tests




Buoyancy test

Type tests

Fire test

Strength tests

Donning test




► Acceptance criteria are modified ► Body or lifting loop strength tests : the force to be applied shall not be less than 2 400 N► Shoulder lift test : the force to be applied shall not be less than 700 N

► Donning assistance is permitted for infants



Specificities

Type tests

Water performance

tests

► Manikin(s) may be substituted for infant lifejacket test subjects

► assistance may be given to board a survival craft, but wearer mobility shall not be reduced to any greater extent than by the appropriate size RTD.

► With the exception of freeboard and self-righting performance, the requirements for infant lifejackets may be relaxed, if necessary, in order to:

► facilitate the rescue of the infant by a caretaker;► allow the infant to be fastened to a caretaker and contribute to keeping the infant close to

the caretaker;► keep the infant dry, with free respiratory passages;► protect the infant against bumps and jolts during evacuation; and► allow a caretaker to monitor and control heat loss by the infant.

► With the exception of reducing freeboard and self-righting performance, the requirements for infant lifejackets may be relaxed if necessary in order to:

► contribute to the rescue of the infant by a caretaker ► allow the infant to be fastened to a caretaker and contribute to keeping the infant close to

the caretaker ► keep the infant dry, with free respiratory passages ► protect the infant against bumps and jolts during the evacuation ► allow a caretaker to monitor and control heat loss by the infant

Marking► An infant or child lifejacket shall be marked with :

► The size range ► An “infant” symbol

3.5 – Inflatable Lifejacket



Specificities

► The Infant sizes can not be subdivided [MSC.48(66) § 2.2.1.2]

► A inflatable lifejacket shall :► have not less than two separate compartments ► inflate automatically on immersion► be provided with a device to permit inflation by a single manual motion► and be capable of having each chamber inflated by mouth

Inflatable Lifejackets’ Type


Inflate automatically on immersion

Provided with a device to permit inflation by a single manual motion

Have not less than two separate compartments

Be capable of having each chamber inflated

by mouth

3.4.3 – Type tests




Type tests► Two inflatable lifejackets should be subjected to the test in the uninflated condition► The automatic and manual inflation systems should each be tested immediately after each

temperature cycling test

-15°C activating and inflation test

40°C activating and inflation test

► Additional test : After exposure to a temperature of -15°C for a period of at least 8 h, two lifejackets should be activated using the manual inflation system and should fully inflate.

► Additional test : After exposure to a temperature of -15°C for a period of at least 8 h, two lifejackets should be activated using the manual inflation system and should fully inflate.

Buoyancy test

Fire test

Strength tests

Donning test

► A lifejacket that has been inflated automatically with one compartment uninflated should be subjected to the test and the test repeated until each compartment has been tested in the uninflated condition

► Two inflatable lifejackets should be subjected to the test :► one lifejacket should be inflated ► one lifejacket should be uninflated

► Similar to the type tests of an inherent lifejacket

► The test should be conducted using :► Inflated lifejackets► Uninflated lifejacket



Inadvertent inflation test

Type tests

Water performance

tests

► Additional requirements : In addition to the type test to be performed for an inherent lifejackets, the following added requirements have to be fulfilled :

► The tests should be conducted using lifejackets :► inflated both automatically and manually,► and also with one of the compartments uninflated.

► The tests with one of the compartments uninflated should be repeated as many times as necessary to perform the test once with each compartment in the uninflated condition.

► Additional Type Test (see next page)

Materials tests► Additional requirements : Additional tests have to been performed on the materials used to

manufacture the inflatable lifejackets




► Expose the entire lifejacket to sprays of water for fixed period


Lifejacket fitted correctly to a free-standing manikin of adult size and deployed in the mode in which it is worn ready for use ( not deployed as used in the water)

Two sprays should be installed so as to spray fresh water onto the lifejacket

Acceptance criteria

500 mm above the highest point of the lifejacket & at an angle of 15° from the vertical centre line of the manikin and the bottom line of the lifejacket

Installed horizontally at a distance of 500 mm from the bottom line of the lifejacket, and points directly at the lifejacket

Stage 1 – Initial installationStage 1 – Initial installation




► 5 min with the ‘high spray’ on the front of the lifejacket

► During the exposure, the ‘horizontal spray’ should be applied for 10 periods of 3 s each to the front, left or right sides as with the high spray.


‘high spray’

Acceptance criteria

Stage 1 – Front of the lifejacketStage 1 – Front of the lifejacket

‘horizontal spray’

10 periods of 3 s

10 periods of 3 s

10 periods of 3 s

Total Period of 5 minutes




► 5 min with the ‘high spray’ on the left side of the lifejacket



‘high spray’

Acceptance criteria

Stage 2 – Left side of the lifejacketStage 2 – Left side of the lifejacket


10 periods of 3 s

10 periods of 3 s

10 periods of 3 s





► 5 min with the ‘high spray’ on the back of the lifejacket


‘high spray’

Acceptance criteria

Stage 3 – Back of the lifejacketStage 3 – Back of the lifejacket





► 5 min with the ‘high spray’ on the right side of the lifejacket



‘high spray’

Acceptance criteria

Stage 2 – Right side of the lifejacketStage 2 – Right side of the lifejacket


10 periods of 3 s

10 periods of 3 s

10 periods of 3 s


► After completing the test, the lifejacket should be removed from manikin and immersed in water to verify that the auto-inflation system functions

4 – Typical tasks for survey


Lifejackets

Specimen

Typical tasks for survey

► Verify that the specimen to be tested have been manufactured in accordance with the technical documentation

Test program

Type test

Test reports

► Review the type test program and the test facilities as per the requirements of the TTE procedures

► Witness the type test

► Endorse the manufacturer’s test report

5 – Requirements to be studied


Lifejackets

Requirements to be studied► IMO resolution MSC.48(66) (LSA Code) as amended by :

► IMO resolution MSC.207 (81)► IMO resolution MSC.218 (82)► IMO resolution MSC.272 (85)

► MSC/Circ.922 : Recommendations on performance standards & tests for thermal protective lifejackets

Testing requirements

► IMO resolution MSC.81(70) as amended by :► IMO resolution MSC.200 (80)► IMO resolution MSC.226 (82) ► IMO resolution MSC.274 (85)

► MSC/Circ.980 : Standardized Life-Saving Appliance evaluation & test report form

Design requirements

Design & Testing► IMO Res. MSC.36(63)-(1994 HSC Code) 8,

► IMO Res. MSC.97(73)-(2000 HSC Code) 8,

For information ► Requirements on board ships - SOLAS Chapter III

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