Life in New France until Confederation of Canada

1635-1867

Time of Samuel de Champlain

• 1608- Le habitation- Fur trading post and the 1st permanent settlement in the new world. Later becomes Quebec City.

• 1617- 1st family arrive in New France- Louis Hebert and his family come and live to farm the land.

• 1633- Champlain named first governor of New France.

• Samuel de Champlain, the Father of Quebec and Canada died on Dec. 25th, 1635.

Expansion of the Colony• 1634- Trois Rivieres- Laviolette -new fur

trading post south of Le Habitation (Quebec City) along the St. Lawrence River.

• 1642- Paul de Chomedey sieur de Maisonneuve expanded the fur trade south along the river and established the fur trading post of Ville Marie (Montreal).

• Sieur de Laval: Mission to convert natives to Christians.

Expansion of the Colony• 1645- 3,200 people living in New France-

most working the fur trade and farming the land.

• 1670 British establish the Hudson’s Bay company as competition to challenge the French fur traders.

• Next 100 years- Expansion of the colony from the Saint Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, down the Mississippi River to New Orleans in Gulf of Mexico in order to Hunt for Furs.

1645 1745

Life in New France• Jean Talon- developed the colony- made it popular by

bringing cows, pigs, chickens, horses...The Population increased to 70,000 in 1745.

• Homes were first made from wood in early years, then stone to prevent the spread of fire.

• There was a church, school, hospital in the town (Hotel Dieu started by Jeanne Mance in Ville Marie 1659).

• Typical jobs of the time: Fur Traders, Farmers, Seamstresses, Shoemakers, Carpenters, Masons, Blacksmiths, bakers...

• 18th Century- Average persons’ life did not last very long: Not enough medicines, poor nutrition, poor Hygiene. Disease spread easily because there were no pipes for plumbing.

• The adults and children worked and lived to survive: Used sunlight as a guide to organize their daily chores-in fields, woods, market..

Their life in comparison to ours todayToday:• We have much more plastic and paper products

in our garbage and recycling bins.• We live much longer because of medicine. We

enjoy more free time because of electricity and technology.

• People are abusing the planet by cutting down trees, putting chemicals in the water, digging for oil and digging mines, and pumping chemicals into the air.

• There are more limits to the amounts of animals that can be hunted in the hopes of preserving their numbers.

French are defeated by British• 13 colonies and British territory along Atlantic

Coast from Maine to Georgia had 1.6 million people (Mainly Europeans) in 1745.

• 1759-1760: General James Wolfe and 50 000 British (with Iroquois) defeat general Louis Joseph de Montcalm and 13 500 French (with Algonquians) on the plains of Abraham. Both generals are killed. James Murray named 1st British Governor of Quebec. Allowed French to continue living as they did before.

• 1763- France turns over North American possessions to Britain in the Treaty of Paris.

Wolfe

Montcalm

1759- Battle for Quebec

Landing of the British Army on 13th September 1759

General James Wolfe and 50 000 British (with Iroquois) defeated general Louis Joseph de Montcalm and 13,500 French (with Algonquians) on the plains of Abraham

British Uniform from the Plains of Abraham

1763- British North America

13 Colonies

American Revolution• 1775: 13 colonies: The independents want to

separate from British Rule.• 1783- Treaty of Paris ends the war- Border

between British North America (Quebec) and the United States is accepted.

• General George Washington-named 1st President of the United States in 1789)

• Loyalists (loyal to British rule) arrive and settle in western towns of British North America (Quebec).

On July 4, 1776, USA declared its independence from Britain.

1791- Upper Canada and Lower Canada

Rupert's LandOn May 2nd, 1670, Charles II of England granted to the HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY a large portion of North America, named Rupert's Land in honour of Prince Rupert, the king's cousin and the company's first governor.

1791- Constitutional Act divides British North America (Quebec) into Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec).

19th Century

• War of 1812- British territory of Canada invaded by the USA. Defended by British (Isaac Brock, Laura Secord), French (de Salaberry), and natives (Tecumseh)

• War Ended in 1814- Natives were the real losers as they lost land to new settlers. -Pride of winning an d1st feeling of being Canadian!

19th Century• 1820- population of Upper Canada- 150,000(Ontario)

Lower Canada- 450,000(Quebec)

• 1830’s: rebellions- people of Upper and Lower Canada wanted more from their leaders and Britain- many poor, uneducated people, underdeveloped towns..rich businessmen.

• 1834-The underground railroad- slaves escape to Canada. (Tubman)

• 1841-United the 2 Canadas = Province of Canada • 1850-1867: inventions (Kerosene oil), machines (Farming),

new immigrants (Irish), work (wood), gold rush in the west, building the railway.

1867- Confederation- Canada Becomes a Country