Life in Malaysia MPU3313

Measure the output increase in the current year in

comparison to previous year

Physical and non-physical aspect

Education

Utilities

Public Facilities

Healthcare

Security

To provide a peaceful and comfortable life to all citizens through:

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

PRIMARY SECTOR

Agriculture

Industrial Commodities

Rubber Oil Palm

Cocoa

Food Commodities

Paddy Livestock

Fisheries

Mining and Quarrying

Tin

Petroleum

Natural gas

SECONDARY SECTOR

Manufacturing

Light industries

Food Beverages

Medium industries

Wood products

Heavy industries

Transport Equipment

Construction

Infrastructure

Industrial areas

Residential areas

Town areas

TERTIARY SECTOR (SERVICES SECTOR)

Public Services

Government

Private Services

Transport, Communication

Financial and banking

insurance

Wholesale, retailHotel,

restaurant

Pre-independence

a)Between 1960 – 197b)Between 1970 – 1980c)Between 1980 – 1990d)Between 1990 - present

Post-independence

The study of the economic structural trends of Malaysia can be divided into two times:

Before independence, the economy produced tin and

rubber for the Colonial British industry. Malaya imported consumption goods from Britain.

• Segregation of races interms of:

a) Residential Areasb) Economic Sectorc) Education

• The government introduced anexport-orientated economicstrategy by introducing theInvestment Act 1968.

• Export - oriented industriesencouraged labor intensiveindustries. Small scale industrieswere also introduced such asfood, tobacco.

Government introduced:• Diversification policy to reduce

dependence on rubber and tin.Agriculture diversificationoccurred – new crops and oilpalm. Petroleum and gasextraction activities increased.The import substitution policyaimed at reducing importedconsumption goods.

• Manufacturing industries usedlocal raw material.

• The government launched theheavy industry policy: steel,cement, car and electronicindustries helped furtherdeveloped the manufacturingsector.

• The government is focused onthe secondary and tertiarysectors. In 1996, the MSC wereestablished to help transformMalaysia into a modern state by2020.

After independence…

Main Challenges:

To narrow the differential gap between rural and urban development, and to

eradicate poverty.

To overcome the effects of British’s divide and rule policy.

Short-term Planning Framework

First Malayan

Plan (1956-1960)

Second Malayan

Plan (1961-1965)

First Malaysia

Plan (1966-1970)

Second Malaysia

Plan (1971-1975)

Third Malaysian

Plan (1976-1980)

Fourth Malaysian

Plan (1981-1985)

Fifth Malaysian

Plan (1986-1990)

Sixth Malaysian

Plan (1991-1995)

Seventh Malaysian

Plan (1996-2000)

Eight Malaysian

Plan (2001-2005)

Ninth Malaysian

Plan (2006-2010)

Tenth Malaysian

Plan (2011-2015)

Eleventh Malaysian

Plan (2016-2020)

Malaysia Economic Development Policies

New Economic Policy (1970-1990)Second to Fifth Malaysia Plan

National Development Policy (1991-2000)Sixth to Seventh Malaysia Plan

National Vision Policy (2001-2010)Eighth to Ninth Malaysia Plan

New Economic Model (2011-2020)Tenth to Eleventh Malaysia Plan

by Tun Abdul RazakTwo-pronged strategies to achieve

the objective of national unity:

Reduction and eventual eradication of poverty

Restructuring society

Issues - The socioeconomic gap between:

• Bumiputera and non-Bumiputera• Rural areas and Urban areas• Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak

Education Employment

Tackling the issues through:

• Scholarship• Loan• Institutions – Maktab Rendah

Sains MARA, Kolej ProfesionalMARA, Kolej Kemahiran TinggiMARA

• Restructuring the employment pattern• Increasing Participation of Bumiputera

in the modern industrial sector byemploying mainly Bumiputera andoutsourcing to Bumiputera-ownedcompanies

Poverty Rate by Race

Poverty Rate - Urban vs Rural Area

✓The poverty rate decrease from 42.2% in 1970 to17.71% in 1990

✓The mean of monthly household income(Bumiputera) increase from RM172 in 1970 toRM940 in 1990

✓The ownership in corporate sector for Bumiputeraincrease from 2.4% (1970) to 12.5% (1980) and19.3% (1990)

by Tun Mahathir

• Targeted initiative on reducing hardcore poverty andrelatively poverty.

• Focus on employment restructuring and rapiddevelopment of Bumiputera Commerce and IndustrialCommunity.

• Increase the role of the private sector in restructuringobjectives.

• Focus on human resource development.

New policy dimension in NDP:

by Tun Mahathir Objectives:

Achieving a united, progressive and prosperous Malaysian society that

engages in full and fair partnership.

Strategies:

• Eradicating poverty irrespective of race• Restructuring of society• Ensuring a balanced development• The strategies of Vision 2020

by Dato’ Seri NajibAim:

To propel the nation’s economy and put thenation on the path to becoming an advancedcountry with high income by the year 2020.

VISION 2020

1MalaysiaGovernment

Transformation Programme

Economic Transformation

Programme

Tenth Malaysia Plan

by Tun Mahathir Objectives:

Achieving a united, progressive and prosperous Malaysian society that

engages in full and fair partnership.

Strategies:

• Eradicating poverty irrespective of race• Restructuring of society• Ensuring a balanced development• The strategies of Vision 2020

“By the year 2020, Malaysia can be a united nation, with a confident

Malaysian society, infused by strong moral and ethical values, living

in a society that is democratic, liberal and tolerant, caring,

economically just and equitable, progressive and prosperous, and in

full possession of an economy that is competitive, dynamic, robust

and resilient” – Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad

VISION 2020: The 9 Challenges

https://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=IXlGmddLNWA

The New Economic Policy (1970-1990) in Malaysia: The Economic and Political Perspectives by Khairiah Salwa Mokhtar, Chan Ai Reen and Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh (2013)

Discuss the objectives of the New Economic

Policy.

1. Intro: what NEP is all about

2. The objectives

3. Conclusion: The effectiveness

NEP

• Intro• Formulated and implemented in 1970 for duration of 20 years• By Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia second PM

• Conclusion• The poverty rate decrease from 42.2% in 1970 to 17.71% in

1990• The mean of monthly household income (bumiputera) increase

from RM172 in 1970 to RM940 in 1990• The ownership in corporate sector for bumiputera increase

from 2.4% (1970) to 12.5% (1980) and 19.3% (1990)

To eradicate poverty among all races

• A huge gap between the ethnicity lead to dissatisfaction among them

• The efforts done by government:• Developed the land under FELDA and FELCRA• Improved the public facilities esp in rural areas• Upgrading the citizen’s quality of life through education,

training • Increase the employment opportunities

Restructure the society through economic strategies

• Trying to abolish the divide and rule system

• Efforts done by government: • The development of new city• The encouragement of migration from rural to city• Balancing the employment pattern• Ownership in corporate sector

• Affirmative action can be defined as preferential policies toredress the under-representation of a disadvantagedpopulation group in socially esteemed and economicallyinfluential position. These policies address a specificproblem under-representation of a population group,categorized by race, ethnicity, gender, disability and region.

• Affirmative action – implemented globally with differentpurposes.

• The policy that targeted particular group in which excludingthe minority

• In Malaysia, it officially called as Bumiputera Policy

• Eg NEP, Bumiputera Economic Empowerment

BANTUAN PRIHATIN RAKYAT

MOBILE DATA AND ONLINE LEARNING MATERIALS AID

RM100 E-WALLET

Single: above 21 years old with less than RM2500 income per month

Families with household income between 2501-5000 with kids

Families with household income less than 2500 with kids

The government will replace the Bantuan Sara Hidup (BSH) aid with their living costwith Bantuan Prihatin Rakyat (BPR).

BSH is a cost of living aid that the government established to ensure the wellbeing of Malaysians by aiding the B40 group.

WHO CAN APPLY:

Access free lessons & revision quizzes at the ‘Learning Material’ tab

Nominate students from B40 families at the ‘Help B40 Families’ tab

Apply for free 40GB data at the ‘Get Free Data’ tab

In collaboration with YES and FrogAsia, YTL Foundation is providing free mobile data and online learning materials to all

students registered in Malaysian government schools to learn from home

Aid:

18-20 years old youth or,

Public and Private college students

RM100 will be credited thru following apps: • Touch ‘n go• Boost• Grab Pay

How to apply

WHO CAN APPLY:

Download the apps and verified your IC

BUDGET 2021

https://belanjawan2021.treasury.gov.my/manfaat/index-en.html

Thank YouQ & A