Made by : Nadeem Shareef

Space is bigger than the human mind can imagine it is impossible tomeasure so no one knows how big space really is, All we know is that

Earth is in space and it is also home to many other planets. Space doesn’thave a colour but some people believe that it is black.

Space is the void that exists beyond any celestial body, including theEarth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuumcontaining a low density of particles: predominantly a plasma of

hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magneticfields, and neutrinos. In the space between galaxies, matter density can

be as low as a few atoms of hydrogen per cubic meter.

What is space ?

The final frontier

ESSENTIALS OF LIFE SUPPORT

Air Constituent control

• CO2 scrubbing

• Humidity control

• Particulate scrubbing

• O2, N2 makeup

Temperature control

Water

Food

Waste Management

Human Primary Life Support Requirements:

Inputs

Daily (% total

Req. mass)

Oxygen 0.83 kg 2.7%

Food 0.62 kg 2.0%

Water 3.56 kg 11.4%(drink and

food prep.)

Water 26.0 kg 83.9%(hygiene, flush

laundry, dishes)

TOTAL 31.0 kg

Outputs

Daily (% total

mass)

Carbon 1.00 kg 3.2%

dioxide

Metabolic 0.11 kg 0.35%

solids

Water 29.95 kg 96.5%(metabolic / urine 12.3%)

(hygiene / flush 24.7%)

(laundry / dish 55.7%)

(latent 3.6%)

TOTAL 31.0 kg

GETTING THERE…SPACE SHUTTLE FACTS

1. Space shuttle stack weighs about 4.3 million lbs!

2. The ET is 25.4 feet in diameter and 149 feet tall

3. The SRB’s are 12.5 feet in diameter and 154 feet tall

4. The orbiter’s wingspan is about 78 feet and it is 122 feet long. As tall as the Statue of Liberty!

THE SPACESUIT

The first astronauts to walk in space were connected to the spacecraft with a hose that supplied oxygen and a means of communication.

Modern astronauts use a suit that is completely self-contained and allow them to work outside the spacecraft for up to 9 hours at a time

Each suit is custom-designed for the man or woman who will wear it!

THE SPACESUIT

WHY WEAR A SPACESUIT?

To explore and work in space, human beings must take their environment

with them because there is no atmospheric pressure and no oxygen to

sustain life.

Inside the spacecraft, the atmosphere can be controlled so that special

clothing isn't needed, but when outside, humans need the protection of a

spacesuit.

Earth's atmosphere is 20 percent oxygen and 80 percent nitrogen from sea

level to about 75 miles up, where space begins. At 18,000 feet, the

atmosphere is half as dense as it is on the ground, and at altitudes above

40,000 feet, air is so thin and the amount of oxygen so small that pressure

oxygen masks no longer do the job.

Above the 63,000-foot threshold, humans must wear spacesuits that supply

oxygen for breathing and that maintain a pressure around the body to keep

body fluids in the liquid state.

SPACE FOODS

Skylab: The Skylab laboratory had a

freezer, refrigerator, warming trays, and a table, just like at home.

Space Shuttle: Food variety

expanded to 74 different kinds of food and 20 kinds of beverages.

Most foods are frozen, refrigerated, or thermostabilized and will not require the addition of water before consumption.

Menu included: coffee, bacon squares, cornflakes, scrambled eggs, cheese crackers, beef sandwich, chocolate pudding, tuna salad, peanut butter, etc.

Compartmentalized food tray!!

EATING AND DRINKING

HOW DO THEY KEEP CLEAN???

CLEANING

Gets Hair Cut

Brushes Hair Brushing Teeth

SLEEPING IN SPACE

SLEEPING IN SPACE

In space there is no up or down and there is no gravity. As a

result, astronauts are weightless and can sleep in any

orientation. However, they have to attach themselves to a wall,

a seat or a bunk bed inside the crew cabin so they don't float

around and bump into something.

On the space station there are two small crew cabins. Each

one is just big enough for one person. Inside both crew cabins

is a sleeping bag and a large window to look out in space.

Currently, space station crews have three astronauts living and

working in space for months at a time. Where does the third

astronaut sleep? If it's okay with the commander, the astronaut

can sleep anywhere in the space station so long as they attach

themselves to something.

TIME TO RISE AND SHINE

When it is time to wake up, the Mission Control Centre sends

wake up music to the crew. Usually, Mission Control will pick a

song for a different astronaut each day. Sometimes a family

member will request a favourite song for their particular loved

one. Depending on the astronaut, Mission Control will play all

types of music such as rock and roll, country and western,

classical, or Russian music. However, only a shuttle crew

receives wake up music while a space station crew uses an

alarm clock.

ILLNESS AND INJURY DURING SPACE FLIGHT

Incidence Common(>50%)

skin rash, irritation foreign body eye irritation, corneal

abrasion headache, backache,

congestion gastrointestinal disturbance cut, scrape, bruise musculoskeletal strain,

sprain fatigue, sleep disturbance space motion sickness post-landing orthostatic

intolerance post-landing neurovestibular

symptoms

Incidence Uncertain

infectious disease cardiac dysrhythmia,

trauma, burn toxic exposure psychological stress,

illness kidney stones pneumonitis urinary tract infection spinal disc disease unplanned radiation

exposure

MULTIPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL DE-CONDITIONING IN 0-

GRAVITY

Human Physiology Changes in Micro-Gravity

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time, month

% C

han

ges f

rom

1-g

en

vir

on

men

t

Earth

Card Ind

Fluids

Muscle

Bone Mass

RBC

Immune

NeuroVestib

EXERCISE

ENTERTAINMENT

Access to space is very

expensive. Why go there?

SAVING LIVES ON EARTH

BY DEVELOPING PRODUCTS IN SPACE

SAVING LIVES ON EARTH

BY DEVELOPING PRODUCTS IN SPACE

RESEARCH IN SPACE

Many of scientific experiments can’t be done in Earth due to presence of gravity.

However, those experiments can be done more effectively in space.

This is due to zero-gravity environment in Space.

International Space

Station(ISS)

SPACE RESEARCHES

BENEFITS

Researches and technologies about space

exploration are very important for humanity.

Research done is space contribute to

improving national security, the economy,

productivity and lifestyle.

Since 1976, more than 30,000 applications

of space technology have been brought

down to earth to enhance our everyday life.

SPACE RESEARCHES BENEFITS

Technology - space

program technology has

resulted in more than 1,500

commercial products,

including satellite radio,

digital and satellite

television, cell phone

technology, and GPS

navigation.

Medical - Digital hearing

aids, miniature heart pumps,

cancer detection devices,

eye surgery, and numerous

other medical and safety

devices and improvements

trace their origins to space

technology

MRI technology (brain

scanners) in hospitals

worldwide came from

technology developed in

space

Pharmaceuticals

produced in space

with zero gravity have

purities far higher than

any produced on

Earth

SPACE RESEARCHES BENEFITS

Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have also

benefited from the space exploration. The astronauts have

manufactured miniature electronic parts that could only be

produced in the space during their experiments in the space

stations and space shuttles.

Environmental: Clean & Safe Water. Water-purification

technology used on the Apollo spacecraft is now employed in

several applications to kill bacteria, viruses, and algae in

community water-supply systems.

SURVIVING THERE:

TECHNOLOGIES FOR LIVING IN

SPACE

Space exploration

imposes new

challenges on human

systems and terrestrial

life in general.

Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in 1961.

On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong took “a giant step for mankind” as he stepped onto the moon.

Valentina Tereshkova

FIRST HUMAN GO TO SPACE

FUTURE IN SPACE

Future in space