Life cycle Nutrition- Some information

Malnutrition and Pregnancy:Reasons for mother-to-be is not getting the nutrients she needs to

support the development of baby.• Severe morning sickness may lead to a temporary period of

malnutrition • Women who struggle with eating disorders may also be

undernourished.• Women who suffer from digestive tract dysfunction • Economic condition

What is the result of malnutrition during pregnancy?• Birth weight of new born: Big concern• Neural tube defect: Spina bifida• Anemia & increase in maternal mortality, abortion complications• Increased stillbirth, preterm births and early death of newborns• Low birth weights, premature birth and lack of proper immune system

Spina Bifida

Example of a Prenatal Supplement Label

Foods to avoid:• Sea foods rich in mercury: Swordfish, Shark, King

mackerel, Tilefish• Avoid undercooked meat, poultry and eggs• Avoid unpasteurized milk products

Brie, Feta, Camembert, Blue cheese• Mexican-style soft cheeses, such as queso blanco,

queso fresco and panela• Alcohol: Irreversible brain damage, mental conditions,

facial abnormalities, FASD: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• Infants and childrenInfants: Breast feeding is very important: Exclusively for 6

months.What it contains? Contains lactose and can be easily digested.

Lipids provide energy & contains omega fatty acids, contains vitamin C

Importance of Breast feeding : • Except for vitamin D breast milk supplies all other nutrients.• It conveys immune factors to protect infant against infection.• Protection against chronic disease• Protection against food allergies• Hormones for development• Protection against obesity in the later years• Avoids nursing bottle syndrome where teeth decays.

Percentages of Energy-Yielding Nutrients in Breast Milk, Infant Formula, & Cow’s Milk

Children ( age 10 & below)• Obesity is a big problem: That leads to Type 2

diabetesReasons for obesity • Frequent snacks• Watching TV and eating, eating when not hungry• 40,000 TV ads/ year that influence children food• Fast food meals more than once a week• Sugary foods and frequent meals• More than one hour sedentary activity• Genetic inheritance: from parents

How to change children’s nutrition habits?• What not to feed: Limit too much sweets,

candies, ice cream and fatty foods. Avoid fatty breakfast and avoid soft drinks

• Serve protein rich breakfast. • Important to change life style. Understanding

food portion as described in myplate.• Give Nutritious snacks• Limit television time• Train to be physically active

Nutrition in adolescence :What we need to know?• Adolescence brings hormonal changes in both

girls & boys that changes body growth and brain development

• Average girls growth spurt begins at 10 or 11 years and peaks at 12 years; Boys growth spurts begin at 12 or 13 years and peak about 14 years

• Drug alcohol abuse begins in adolescence and causes multiple nutrition problems

What nutrients adolescents need? Three important nutrients1) iron: for both genders very important2) Calcium: Bone development3) vitamin D: Essential for bone development Common concerns:1) Acne: due to high diet in meat , poultry, dairy and refined

carbohydrates2) PMS or premenstrual syndrome: Improper nutrients during

adolescence leads to uncomfortable menstrual symptoms3) Less physical activity4) Drug alcohol abuse begins in adolescence and causes

multiple nutrition problems

Later ages:• In USA average person can expect to live almost 78

years and also depends on ethnicity

Who will age in good mental and physical health?• Non smokers• Moderate drinkers• Physically active people• Maintain healthy body weight• Well nourished who consume sufficient nutrients .

What is the concern?• Type 2 diabetes• Arthritis• Obesity• Hypertension• Cancer• Reduced immunityMalnutrition symptoms in elderly:• DETERMINE: Disease, Eating poorly, Tooth loss and

mouth pain, Economic hardship, Reduced social contact, Multiple medications, Involuntary weight loss or gain, Needs assistance, Elderly person (over 80)

Which the foods to consume??• Five types of fruits and vegetables• Protein rich foods to avoid muscle wastage• Good sources of plant foods that contain

carbohydrates• Monounsaturated fats: Olive oil in food• Not to mix drug and alcohol• Vitamins supplements if necessary• Decaffeinated drinks• Water: minimum 6 glasses