Doctoral Program – Enviromental ScienceDIPONEGORO UNIVERSITYDIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY-- SEMARANGSEMARANGDept of Environmental HealthDept of Environmental HealthSTATE HEALTH POLYTECHNIC BANDUNGSTATE HEALTH POLYTECHNIC BANDUNG

Presented by :

PAPERPRESENTATION

Elanda Fikri, Pujiono, Purwanto, Henna Rya SunokoAsia Pacific Academic Consortium For Public Health Conference PRESENTATION

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT (HHWM) OPTION FOR SEMARANG CITY, INDONESIA

Page 1October, 2015

,

Society Government Regulation No 18 Jo 85 Year

and hospitalhazardous waste only focus on industrial

and hospitalINA

Society needs

Government Regulation No. 18 Jo 85 Year 1999, Chapter III, article 9 verse VI (101:2014)

“The terms of the processing of household hazardous waste which are resulted by

h h ld ll l ti iti ill b

Produce

Waste ProducedB

A

households small-scale activities will be determined later by the responsible agency”

It shows that there have been no continuing Produce household

hazardouse waste

CKG

gefforts which are done to process household

hazardous waste

Need comprehensive managemenetROU

p g

↑ p↑ population increases each year (1,11%/year)

↑ consumption of HHWSMG

ND

life style

public convenient in using products categorized HHW

Mix all components of household waste, included household hazardous waste

Contradicted with the Constitution of Indonesia No. 18 year 2008 article 22 verse 1

Page 2

“The sorting of waste grouping and separation is in accordance with the type, the amount and/ or

the characteristic of the waste”There is danger threatens !!!

Environmental

Surface water and ground water qualityd ti d l dfill l h lt

Accumulated on human and be able to cause some gen mutation, cancer and congenital

Health point

reduction around landfills. sample shows resultcontaining Lead, Ni, Cd and also the increase ofphysic parameter concentration and chemicalsuch as pH, turbidity, conductivity and

1993

140.000 pesticide exposure in USA (93% fromhousehold)

p pphosphate .

Reduction Leachate quality :(London) contain metal and XOC

A half exposure on children under 6 years old

1994

Research in Italy, Thailand, Iran and Florida (There ispositive correlation batteries which were thrown onthe landfill contribute to the reduction of leachete

Poison Control Center (exposure HHW) in USA

45.311 exposure whitener clothing (8.657intensive care)

the landfill contribute to the reduction of leachetequality which contain a big amount of metals, forexample Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese(Mn) and Zinc (Zn)

3.850 exposure household cleanerscontaining ammonia (624 intesive care)

- Weakness of control mechanism on the household hazardous waste management from the city government as the controller

- There has not been a standard operational formulation of household hazardous waste management- There has not been a standard operational formulation of household hazardous waste management- Potentials occured toward health and environmental quality reduction .

Strategy (policy)Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) assess cycle from cradle to grave

Page 3The best scenario of Household Hazardous Management with considering impact for environment

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) assess cycle from cradle to grave

Definition of Household Hazardous Waste

(Bass et al., 1990, Shorten et al., 1995)( , , , )

All unused materials located in the house. It is toxicity, corrosive, flammable, and reactivity. Household hazardous waste can bring impacts on health and environmental stability if it does not manage well

(Purwendero and Nurhidayat, 2010)

Waste that is classified as poisonous and dangerous for human being

(Slamet, 1994)

Waste that is because of its quantity or concentration, its chemical, physical, microbiological characteristic can (a) increase mortality and irreversible diseases, reversible serious diseases; or (b)

potentially cause both current and future dangerous of its exposure to the environment if it is not managed well is not transported stored and discarded wellmanaged well, is not transported, stored, and discarded well.

(Sudrajat, 2007)

Waste that contains poisonous and dangerous substances, for example herbicide, fungicide, insecticide, toxic, chemicals, nuclear waste that needs specific treatment

Researcher

Page 4Domestic used materials which are flammable, explosive, corrosive, and toxic. If there is no proper treatment, there will a bad impact toward human being and the environment quality will be decrease

Research Flow

Study Scope 1 Study Scope 2 Study Scope 3 Study Scope 4

The scenario establishment (based on literary reviews

(j l d

Sampling (identified and waste generation

of household h d

LCA based on ISO 14040:2006

Comparative analysis Determinant goal and scope(journal and textbooks) and

interviews with stake holders

hazardous waste), questionaire, and observation of

the curresnt condition

p yusing SimaPro 7.1.

g p

Life cycle inventory (LCI)

Life cyle impact assessment

Th b t i

holders the curresnt conditionInterpretation

The best scenario

Model of Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Management in Semarang City

(-) Greenhouse Gas Emission – (GHG)

Page 5Conclusion and Policy Recomendation

Location and Sample Size

Sample methode based on Slovin Formula

S C ( ) fSemarang City Population (2011): 1.544.358 = 429.268 total family

S C C

No Sub-district House Condition Economy Total Family Percent (%) Sample

Semarang City, Central Java

Level1 Pedurungan

(TPST Pedurungan)

Permanent Upper 44.859 27,15% 109

2 Semarang Barat

(Garbage Bank RB)

Semi-permanent Middle 53.448 32,35% 129

3 Semarang Utara Non-permanent Lower 31.854 19,28% 77

Page 64 Banyumanik - - 35.080 21,23% 85

Total 165.241 100% 400

Research Location

Smg Barat Garbage Bank

Smg Utara

Pedurungan

Integrated Waste Processing Facility

Narpati CompanyLandfill

Banyumanik

Page 7

The Best Scenario Model Making in The Management of HHW

177 48 182,49 177 73200

Baseline 158,36

177,48 ,

142 93

177,73

143,46160

180

/yea

r)/y

ear)

scenario

Alternative scenario

135,25 142,93 143,46

120

140

Kg

CO

Kg

CO₂₂

eqeq

↓23,11/

The Best Scenario

scenario

80

100

ssio

ns (K

ssio

ns (K 14,59%

40

60

GH

G E

mis

GH

G E

mis

0

20

GG

Page 8Sce 0 Sce 1 Sce 2 Sce 3 Sce 4 Sce 5 Sce 6

The Best Scenario Selection Section in HHW Management

Scenario 2 : Board of Regional Planning and

Metal Recycling Development, Environment Board Semarang City & Central

Java, Jatibarang L dfill N ti CLandfill, Narpati Company

(Responden: 19,3 %)GHG Emissions = 5.266,72 ton

CO eq/yearHHW Industry

Plastic Recycling

CO₂ eq/yearScenario 1:

Office of Sanitary Service and L d i S Ci

ABC

Landscaping Semarang City(Respondent : 25,0%)

GHG Emissions = 6.911,18 ton CO /Incineration CO₂ eq/year

Scenario 6 : (Respondent: 39,5%)

Page 9

(Respondent: 39,5%)GHG Emissions = 5.586,42 ton

CO₂ eq/year

The Contribution of GHG Emission reduction (Scenario 2)

217.725(9,08%) 158.970

(6,63%)144.192(6 01%)

308.958(12,88%)

219.671(9,16%)

(6,01%)

1.349.459(56 25%)

PermukimanKomersilSettlementCommercial

(56,25%) IndustriTransportasiPengelolaan Limbah

IndustryTransportationWaste ManagementPersampahan

2.398.976 ton CO₂ eq/year308.958 ton CO₂ eq/year

Solid Waste

2.398.076,08 ton CO₂ eq/year899,92 ton CO₂ eq/year

Page 100,29% 0,04%

1 Combining LCA and SA to produced the best scenario to

Conclusion

1. Combining LCA and SA to produced the best scenario tomanage HHW.

2. The largest characteristic of HHW in Semarang isinfectious, further toxic, ignitable/reactive, and corrosive.

3. HHW generation in Semarang City : 0.01 kg/person/day(5 1% MSW) 0 059 l/person/day (3 9% MSW)(5.1% MSW), 0.059 l/person/day (3.9% MSW).

4. There is not yet HTHW management in Semarang since itwas not the main priority.

5 The feasible scenario of HHW management to apply was5. The feasible scenario of HHW management to apply wasscenario 2 with HHW segregation in TPST unit (TPST –i t t d t t ) Thi i

Page 11integrated waste management area). This scenario canreduce the GHG impact of 14.59%.

Page 12