life, as we call it
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Life, as we call it. Life, as we call it. I suppose that before we talk about life, we should somehow name it…. Classifying Organisms. You have at least a two part name…..your first, and your last. For example, George Washington. First name George, last name Washington. …..Duh!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Life, as we call it.
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Life, as we call it.
I suppose that before we talk about life, we should somehow name it….
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Classifying Organisms
You have at least a two part name…..your first, and your last.
For example, George Washington. First name George, last name Washington. …..Duh!
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Classifying Organisms
Scientist also give two part names to organisms. This two part name is called….
Binomial Nomenclature. A two part naming system.
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Classifying Organisms.
In the case of George Washington, the name describes a person named George of the family Washington.
In the cases naming organisms, it’s similar but a little different.
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Classifying Organisms.
Let’s use the common house cat as an example…
Felis domesticus.The first part of the name is called….Genus
First name (always capital case) refers to similar closely related organisms
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Classifying Organisms.
Continuing Felis domesticusThe second name is the……. Species
A group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in nature.
Lower case
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Classifying Organisms.
So, in the case of Felis domesticus (the common house cat) Felis is the genus and domesticus is the species.
You can tell the house cat is related to the puma because the puma’s scientific name is Felis concolor.
Both from the same genus.
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Classifying Organisms.
As it turns out, there is more than just a genus and species involved in naming organisms. In fact there are 7 steps or levels in classifying organisms.
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The seven levels of classification.
1 - Kingdom Kings2 - Phylum Play3 - Class Cards4 - Order On5 - Family Fat6 - Genus Green7 - SpeciesStools
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The seven levels of classification.
How ‘bout a human Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Vertebrata Order - Mammalia Family - Primates Genus - Homo Species - sapiens
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The seven levels of classification.
How can this easily be applied to identify an organism?
Scientist and others will frequently use a…Taxonomic Key
A series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics.
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The seven levels of classification.
Taxonomic Key Example Web site
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The Kingdoms
There are a total of 6 Kingdoms for all life based on their cell type, ability to make food and cell number.
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The Kingdoms
1. Archaebacteria.2. Eubacteria.3. Protist.4. Fungi.5. Plants.6. Animals.
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The Kingdoms
1. Archaebacteria “Ancient Bacteria” Unicellular Prokaryote Found in boiling hot vents….and you. autotrophs and heterotrophs
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Colourful_Thermophilic_Archaebacteria_Stain_in_Midway_Geyser_Basin.jpg
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The Kingdoms
2. Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryote Different cell chemistry from Archaebacteria autotrophs and heterotrophs
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/84150f.jpg
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/ecolism.gif
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The Kingdoms
3. Protist Mostly unicellular eukaryote
• Seaweeds and other colony organisms are exceptions
autotrophs and heterotrophs
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http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/paramecium_stained.jpg
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http://ebiomedia.com/prod/ProtistsVideoDVD.html
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The Kingdoms
4. Fungi Mostly multicellular eukaryotes All are heterotrophs Mushrooms, molds and mildew….yuck
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/image_galleries/fungi_gallery.shtml
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/image_galleries/fungi_gallery.shtml
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http://lamington.nrsm.uq.edu.au/images/fungi/fungi068.JPG
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http://www.sbioinformatics.com/images/Bassiana.jpg
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The Kingdoms
5. Plants All multicellular eukaryotes Autotrophs …Yes I know, what about venus fly
traps and such
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The Kingdoms
There are about 9 Phylums (divisions) of plants. Moss, whiskferns, horsetails, ferns, cyads, maidenhair trees, pine trees, roses, and gnetophytes, which are cone-bearing desert plants.
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http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Bryophyta/Polytrichum_commune.html
Bryophyta Moss
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Phylum: Psilotophyta
http://www.washjeff.edu/greenhouse/Pnudum/
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Sphenophyta horsetails
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/mosses.htm
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Phylum Pterophyta = ferns:
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/mosses.htm
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Phylum Cycads
http://botw.org/top/Science/Biology/Plants_and_Animals/Plantae/Cycadophyta/
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phylum Ginkgophyta
http://www.biologyreference.com/Ep-Fl/Evolution-of-Plants.html
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Coniferophyta
http://www.biology4kids.com/misc/coniferrepro.html
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Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae)
http://www.britannica.com/eb/art/print?id=8446&articleTypeId=1
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The Kingdoms
6. Animals We’ll cover this in greater detail shortly