lidar and its use in the identification of faults, fractures and sub surface structures
TRANSCRIPT
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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LiDAR and its Use in the Identification of Faults, Fractures and Sub Surface Structures in Drift Covered Areas
IOGA 2016 Annual Meeting 3/03/16 Chuck Knox, Knox Geological LLC
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing method that uses
light in the form of pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth. These light
pulses-combined with other data recorded by the airborne system-generate precise, three-
dimensional information about the shape of the Earth and its surface characteristics.
Noaa.gov/facts/lidar.html
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Collecting LiDAR Point Cloud Data
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Working with Digital LiDAR Data
Point Cloud Data is Stored as an LAS FileMillions of Point Cloud Points Creates Computer Processing IssuesOnly Using Last or Bare Earth Returns Reduces the Amount of Data Needing to be ProcessedArcGIS is a Good Program to Convert Point Cloud Data Into Useable InformationTwo Methods for the Reduction of Point Cloud Data in ArcGIS
LAS Data SetsTerrain Data Sets
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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LAS Data Sets
The Data is Stored Digitally and Can be Used in QueriesIn ArcGIS More Tools are Available for Modeling of the SurfaceEach Point of the Point Cloud is Used in Surface ModelingTakes a Stupendous Amount of Computer StorageNeeds Powerful Computer Processing Ability to Reduce the Point Cloud into Useable DataCan Create 3D Images of the Bare Earth Returns
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Terrain Data Sets
Point Cloud Data is Reduced into a Pyramid System for Ease of DisplayPyramid System Reduces the Amount of Computer Processing Power Needed to Create Visual DisplaysCounty Wide Point Cloud Data Can be Reduced With Minimal Processing PowerTerrain Data Sets Cannot be Used in QueriesVery Good Tool For Scalable Visualization of the Bare Earth surface
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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LiDAR Study of the Unionport Gas Storage Project, Randolph County,
Indiana“The Post Knox Unconformity provided the Principal Trapping Conditions for the Underground Gas Storage at Unionport”“Erosional Remnants of the Porous Knox Dolomite Protrude Upward into the Overlying Impermeable Black River Limestone”“Petroleum Has Been Produced in Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and Southern Ontario from Knox Erosional Remnants”
Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Gas Storage Project Randolph County, Indiana
Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Generalized Stratigraphic Section for the Unionport Area
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Location of the Gas Storage Wells in the Unionport Area
Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Structure Map on the Top of the Knox Dolomite in the Unionport Gas Storage Project, Contours Are Every 10’
Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Structure Map of the Trenton Utica Contact in the Unionport Gas Storage Project, Contours Are Every 10’
Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Cross Sections At Unionport
Keller and Abdulkareem 1980
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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The Unionport LiDAR Study Mosaic Tile LAS Data Set Compiled over the Unionport Gas Storage ComplexOnly Last or Bare Earth Returns Used in Data Set3D Digital Elevation Model of Surface Built with Combined Hillshade and Transparent Red to Green Color Ramp Raster ImageTerrain Data Set Also CreatedElevation Contours, Slope Angles, Stream Flow and Aspect Maps Created from LAS Data SetSlope Angle Maps Created From Terrain Data Set
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Area Google Earth Image With Wells, 1:30,000
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Gas Storage Project with 9 Mosaic Tile LAS Data Set, 1:30,000
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Gas Storage Project with Raster Image Derived from LAS Data Set
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Gas Storage Project with Hillshaded Image Derived from LAS Data Set
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Raster Image with Red to Green Color Ramp from LAS Data Set
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport With Combined Raster and Hillshade From 9 Tile LAS Data Set
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport With Combined Raster and Hillshade With Wells
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Combined Raster and Hillshade 1:15,000
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Combined Raster and Hillshade 1:15,000
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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LiDAR Derived Surface Contours 10’ Intervals
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Area Digitally Derived Flow Accumulation
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport LAS Data Set Digitally Derived Slope Angles
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport LAS Data Set Digitally Derived Slope Angles With Wells
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Terrain Data Set Derived Slope Angles
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Unionport Terrain Data Set Derived Slope Angles With Wells
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Northern Unionport DEM 1:3,000
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Northern Unionport LAS Data Set Slope Angle
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Northern Unionport Terrain Data Set Slope Angle
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Northern Unionport LAS Data Set Aspect Map
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Results of The Unionport LiDAR Study
Differential Compaction of the Trenton, Utica and Silurian Limes Over the Known Knox Erosional Remnants at Unionport Appears to Extend to the SurfaceLiDAR Derived Digital Elevation Models Show an Area of Higher Elevation Over the Known Knox Erosional RemnantsLiDAR Derived Flow Accumulation Map Shows Stream Flow Radiating Away From Area Above Known Knox Erosional RemnantsSlope Angle Maps, Both LAS Data Set and Terrain Data Set Show Higher Slope Angles Over the Known Knox Erosional Remnant
Knox Geological LLC 260-466-2422 35
The 2nd Trenton Oil Pay of Madison and Grant Counties of
Indiana• 1897 the Ohio Oil Co. discovers oil at Alexandria in the middle of the giant Indiana gas Field
•The oil is in a 2nd pay 65’-100’ below the Trenton/Utica contact and approximately 1,000’ to 1,050’ from the surface
•Development of the 2nd oil pay was limited by the States anti-gas waste laws (flaring) and was mostly abandoned by 1906 as operators left for Illinois, Mid-Continent, Texas and California oil regions
•Faults and fractures have a postive influence on 2nd pay dolomite and porosity development
•A high percentage of 2nd pay oil wells are in areas of >1.3 degrees of slope
Knox Geological LLC Booth 1866 36
Area of Known 2nd Pay Oil Development (Trenton)
Area of Known 4th Pay Oil Development (Black River)
Area of 5th Pay Oil Development (Knox)
Area of 1st Pay Oil Development (Trenton)
The Phoenix Project
1906 Map of the Main Trenton Rock Oil Field of IndianaRegional Map of IndianaFractures and the 2nd Oil Pay
The Phoenix Project
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Knox Geological LLC 260-466-2422 38
LiDAR Study of the Terre Haute Reef Bank
•There has been some geological speculation that differential compaction of sediments above Silurian reefs extends to the surface
•This study uses LiDAR to see if evidence of the compaction can indeed be measured on the surface
•A terrain dataset was created over 10 counties located above the reef bank
• A detailed LAS Dataset was created over the Glen Ayr oil field and parts of Vigo County
Knox Geological LLC 260-466-2422 39
LiDAR Study of the Terre Haute Reef Bank
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Terrain Datset Slope Angle Map Using Quantile MeasurementReef PolygonsPolygons with Reef
Points
LiDAR Study of the Terre Haute Reef Bank
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Vigo County
LiDAR Study of the Terre Haute Reef Bank
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Knox Geological LLC 260-466-2422 46
Glen Ayr oil field
Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Illinois LiDAR Data
A Preliminary Study Of Macon County, Illinois
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Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Macon County
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Knox Geological LLC 6402 Old Trail Rd. Fort Wayne, IN 46809 (260) 466-2422 [email protected]
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Knox Geological LLC 260-466-2422 55
LiDAR“Accuracy to a Gnats Tad”
A Very Special Thank You to the Illinois Oil and Gas Association for the Opportunity to Speak
Only the Beginning