licensed architect summer 2013

LicensedArchitectAssociation of

Licensed Architects

A Publication of the Association of Licensed Architects

$6.00Volume 17, No. 2 Summer 2013

$6.00Volume 17, No. 2 Summer 2013

What’s InsideALA 2013 Buyer’s Guide

How Wide is Your Triangle?

ALA Conference and Product Show

Insurance: Defending Home and Condo

Legal: Determining Cost of Constructionin the Absence of Construction

What’s InsideALA 2013 Buyer’s Guide

How Wide is Your Triangle?

ALA Conference and Product Show

Insurance: Defending Home and Condo

Legal: Determining Cost of Constructionin the Absence of Construction

2 LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 17 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2013

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LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 17 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2013 3

Vol. 17, No. 2, Summer 2013LicensedArchitect

Cover

Missouri State UniversityWest Plains

Student Recreation CenterWest Plains, Missouri

Firm: Dake Wells Architecture

Partially funded by a FEMA grant, this new studentrecreation center doubles as a tornado safe roomcapable of withstanding an EF-5 tornado. Thebuilding is nestled into its sloping site and anchoredto the campus with a twisting band of Cor-ten steel.The concrete enclosure is developed as a roughtextured outer layer revealing a smooth inner layerthat recalls the area’s logging history peeling tree barkfrom site specific trees.

7 Determining Cost of Construction in the Absence of ConstructionReview a case study and learn important payment provisions to include in your contracts in the event that a project never gets completed.

By Shawn E. Goodman, Sabo & Zahn, LLC

10 Institutional Use Group Changes in the International Building CodeThe IBC and IFC have addressed some significant changes you should be aware of for future health care design projects.

By Kelly P. Reynolds, ALA Code Consultant

12 Defending Home and CondoLearn how with proper planning along with thorough communication and documentation, residential projects can become more manageable from a risk management perspective.

By Robert Stanton, Willis A&E

23 ALA Annual Buyer’s GuideThis convenient pull-out section is a valuable resource of architectural manufacturers and service providers for your practice.

28 How Wide is Your Triangle?Examine the three basic design firm business models and review the best staffing triangle for each type.

By Rena M. Klein, FAIA, RM Klein Consulting

36 Reed Economic UpdateReed Construction Data provides a forecast for the construction industry.

By Bernard Markstein, Ph.D., U.S. Chief Economist, Reed Construction Data

38 What is an Exterior Area for Assisted Rescue?This article addresses evacuation plans addressing the needs of persons who may not be able to use the standard means of egress.

By Kimberly Paarlberg, RA, Staff Architect, ICC

41 Are You Protecting Your Most Valuable Asset? Learn the importance of and what to look for when purchasing disability insurance.

. By George M. Silfugarian, CFP, Security Financial Group

ARTICLES

Photo: Gayle Babcock, Architectural Imageworks, LLC

PUBLISHER’S INFO

PUBLISHERALA, Inc.

BOARD OF DIRECTORSJeffrey N. Budgell, FALA - PresidentJames K. Zahn, Esq., FALA,

Vice PresidentMark Van Spann, FALA - SecretaryPatrick C. Harris, FALA - TreasurerJoanne Sullivan, Executive DirectorSteven H. Pate, FALA Past President

DIRECTORS:James J. Belli, FALAJudith Brill, ALADavid Dial, ALADoug Gallus, FALARick Gilmore, FALATom Harkins (Affiliate)Kurt Hezner, FALADarrel LeBarron, ALAPat Manley, ALAJeff Whyte, ALA

EDITORSLisa BrooksJeffrey N. Budgell, FALARobert Davidson, FALAPatrick C. Harris, FALASteven H. Pate, FALA

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ALA, Inc. serves the architecturalprofession. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced or transmitted, inany form without the express writtenconsent of the publisher. Published inthe U.S.A.,© 2013 by ALA, Inc. Allrights reserved.

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For advertising, or membership infor-mation, call or write Joanne Sullivan at:

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38 ADA Advice

23 ALA 2013 Buyer’s Guide

6 ALA New Members

35 ALA 2013 Design Awards

44 Architecture Conference

46 Chapter News

10 Code Corner

28 Contributed Article

41 Contributed Article

36 Economic Update

13 Featured Architects

12 Insurance Info

7 Legal Issues

32 Membership



ALATHEPRESIDENT’SLETTERALATHEPRESIDENT’SLETTER

President’s Letter - May 2013There are so many things going on at theALA and in this issue of LicensedArchitect, I am going to get right towhat’s included:

- Institutional and Religious Projects offour firms from four different states.

- An article on "Business Models forDesign Firms" by Rena Klein as well as

our regular articles on Insurance, Legal, ADA and Code, andReed Economic Outlook.

- Our second annual Buyer’s Guide. Please take the time toreview the Buyer’s Guide and whenever possible patronize thebusinesses of our Affiliate Members. They support us so weneed to support them. Thank you to all of our Affiliate Members!

- This issue contains something new, a Product Spotlight page show-casing new products and services of our Affiliate Members.

- This year’s Golf Outing is August 16th at Golf Club of Illinois.Sign up now for your foursome!

- Annual Conference & Product Show is October 22nd at DruryLane in Oakbrook Terrace, IL. This year’s Keynote Speaker is Kai-Uwe Bergmann of BIG, Bjarke Ingels Group, a Copen-hagen-based architecture firm.

- The Design Awards Program & Banquet will be here beforeyou know it. Get your projects ready to submit now!

- The new ALA online store will be going live soon atALAToday.org! Check it out and pick up some ALA LogoWear. You can add your logo as well! While you are on theALA website take a minute and update your profile. This givespotential clients a better idea of your experience and services.

- ALA is looking for someone to be our IDP Coordinator. Thisperson, ideally someone who is recently licensed, will stayLiaise with NCARB and provide information to students andinterns who are working towards licensure. If you are qualifiedand interested contact Joanne at the ALA office.

- Don’t forget you can post Job openings at your firm on theALA Website. Looking for a job, check out the jobs posted atALAToday.org in the Careers tab.

- A new series of "Architect / Consultant" contracts will be addedsoon to the existing ALA Short Form Contracts which are free toall Professional Members as a benefit of membership!

Enjoy the summer; it will most certainly go by fast!

Jeffrey Budgell

Jeffrey N. Budgell, FALA, LEED APPresident

ALA Welcomes New Members - Summer 2013

Professional MembersMr. Timothy Crowe, ALA Northbrook, ILMr. Jeffrey Day, ALA St. Louis, MOMr. Jeffrey Marquardt, ALA Madison, WIMr. Joseph Palatinus, ALA Saint Charles, ILMr. Bruce Schmitt, ALA Wayzata, MNMr. Michael Weber, ALA Arlington Heights, IL

Senior MembersMr. Richard Krumm, ALA Roberts, WIMr. Randall William Pinchot, ALA Deer Park, ILMr. William Turner, ALA Hayward, WI

New GraduateMrs. Floriana Jemini Prizren Serbia and Montenegro

Affiliate MembersMr. Paul Coultrap, CPCU TW Group, Inc.Mr. James Gogolski Hoover Treated Wood Products, Inc.Mr. Sam Mills James Hardie Building ProductsMr. Richard Piccolo B&F Techinical Code Services, Inc.Mr. Bruce Thorne Konica Minolta Business Solutions,

U.S.A., Inc.

The Association of Licensed Architects (ALA) ispleased to announce a new and valuable benefit ofmembership. ALA has endorsed Principal FinancialGroup to offer disability insurance to all members ata substantial discount*.

Recognizing that income protection is essential for asolid financial foundation, ALA is pleased to makeavailable this valuable program that provides a 20%discount on quality individual disability incomeinsurance coverage. Up to a 30% discount isavailable when three or more individuals with acommon employer purchase any Principal LifeIndividual Disability Insurance policy.

To learn more about this important member benefit, please contact theexclusive representative of this program. He has the experience, tools andresources to help you determine how much coverage you need to helpprotect your most valuable asset and financial future.

George M. Silfugarian, CFP Choose a Webinar to Learn MoreFinancial Security Group June 27; 10:00-10:453025 Highland Parkway, Suite 400 July 9; 2:00-2:45Downers Grove, IL 60515 July 24; 3:00-3:45(630) 874-6751 Email: [email protected](866) 637-5729 x 6751 (toll free)

*Please note: ALA does not receive any portion of any premiums paid toPrinicipal Financial.

ANNOUNCING….NEW BENEFIT FOR ALA MEMBERS!!


LEGALISSUES

Determining Costof Construction in

the Absence ofConstruction

by Shawn E. Goodman, Sabo & Zahn,

Attorneys at Law

ftentimes, architects set their fee, by contract, as an amount based upon how muchthe construction of the project turns out to be. For example, when it comes to thepayment terms, the contract may recite that the architect is entitled to a certain

percentage of the overall cost to construct. While this is not uncommon, and while it has acertain logic to it, it can also lead to some thorny issues in the event that the owner fails topay and the construction either never gets completed or, worse, never even getsunderway. Needless to say, these scenarios are not at all unheard of in this economy.Recently, our firm handled just such a fee collection matter on behalf of a design firm and,while ultimately the outcome was successful, the case itself illustrates the myriad problemswhich can be posed in such a situation.

(Continued on page 8)


LEGALISSUES

The contract which the parties utilized was an AIA DocumentB141 - 1997. The architect completed schematic designs, thenadministered the bidding process for a construction manager.Construction management bids were obtained. However, bidsfor the actual construction itself were not. Meanwhile, thearchitect, as well as its consultants, continued working on thedesign, preparing progress sets, eventually reaching about50% complete. However, the project began to slow, beforeeventually, basically stopping. This was in 2008, as theeconomy tanked.

The contract provided that the architect’s “compensationshall be computed as follows: Lump sum of 5% ofconstruction cost.” The architect submitted monthly invoiceswhich reflected a total fee, based upon an estimate of theanticipated cost ofconstruction, and a “percentcomplete.”1 Doing the mathyielded the amount due then,on each invoice. Importantly,the invoices did not expresslystate what the estimated costof construction was. In fact, theestimate itself, which neverchanged, was only verballypresented at a meeting withthe owner, never actuallyreduced to writing although,again, each invoice wasgenerated based upon this estimate, and anyone readingthem could back the estimated amount out of the “Total Fee”which also never changed.

The owner made only one payment, leaving the architect outhundreds of thousands of dollars. Because the contract calledfor arbitration, an arbitration demand was filed. Due to the lackof any progress on construction, the owner defended thearchitect’s claim by arguing that, under the contract, nodamages could be awarded. After all, in the absence of any realconstruction costs, how could one determine the architect’s feewhich was supposed to be a percentage of those costs? Instead,the owner argued, the architect should be limited to“equitable” damages only, basically the “value” of the servicesprovided. Not surprisingly, the owner placed very little value onthose services, maintaining that the payment received was allthat, or more than, was owed.

Luckily, while the contract did not define “construction cost,”it did define “Cost of the Work”: “The Cost of the Work shallbe the total cost or, to the extent the Project is not completed,the estimated cost to the Owner of all elements of the Projectdesigned or specified by the Architect.” The Commentary onAIA Document B141 -1997 also very helpfully provides, inpertinent part and with emphasis added:

As the project develops from ideas into reality, variouselements of cost will inevitably change and become morecertain. The definition of cost of the work takes theses

changes into consideration. During design, for example, thebarometer of cost will be the architect’s estimates. Once acontractor’s bid or proposal is accepted, this supersedes thearchitect’s most recent estimate. Next, the cost of the work isas defined in the owner-contractor agreement as revised bycontract modification during construction. When finalcompletion is achieved, the cost will be the total cost paidby the owner for the work.

The owner argued, however, that “construction cost,” underthe payment terms of the contract, was something altogetherdifferent than “Cost of The Work,” as defined by the contract. Itfurther cited a handful of cases for the proposition that, in theevent that a claimant cannot establish damages for breach of a

contract, that claimant is relegated toseeking recovery on an “equitable,”or non-contractual basis only. Noneof the cases cited by the ownerinvolved an AIA contract. One of thecases even flatly refused to buy intothe notion that equitable, in lieu ofcontract, damages should beawarded when a project does notget built: “We believe the trial courtshould have based plaintiff’srecovery as provided in the existingcontract . . . . It is well establishedthat the terms of the contract under

which an architect is employed govern with respect to hiscompensation.”2 That particular appellate court opinion heavilyrelied upon another which was squarely at odds with the owner’stake on the meaning of “construction cost”:

Defendant argues next that the court erred in denying themotion for a directed verdict. It contends that under theterms of the written contract that it agreed to pay plaintiffsix percent of the construction cost of the project and thatsince the project cost nothing, it owed plaintiff nothing.Defendant’s contention apparently is that “constructioncost” should be read to mean the amount it actually paidout toward the construction of the project, which is nothingat all. That is not a reasonable interpretation of the contract.Defendant stated in the contract that it intended to erectthe structure in question and agreed to pay plaintiff sixpercent of the construction cost. . . . In view of the fact thatplaintiff had almost fully performed his part of the contract,it is reasonable to infer that the parties intended“construction cost” to mean the amount that constructionof the project would cost as determined by the bid anddefendant was not at liberty to escape liability by changingits intention to build.

Michalowski v. Richter Spring Corp., 112 Ill. App. 2d 451, 455-56, 251 N.E.2d 299, 301 (1st Dist. 1969).

“From a more generalstandpoint, and depending

on the project, seriousconsideration should be

given to utilizing analternative fee arrangement,

e.g., lump sum.”

(continued from page 7)

(continued on page 43)


■ Care Definitions and Requirements RevisedComprehensive revisions were made in Chapter 3 todefine and clarify medical care, custodial care andpersonal care.

■ Medical care is primarily I-2, where 6 or more peopleincapable of self preservation are receiving care. Wherethey do not exceed five, may be Group R-3 or regulatedby International Residential Code.

■ Custodial care is primarily I-1 (17 or more occupants) andpersonal care is R-4 (6 – 16 occupants). All are capable ofself preservation.

■ Section 407Regulations that were in Chapter 10 regarding patientcare suites proliferating in hospitals are now revised andrelocated to Section 407.

■ Chapter 2Definitions mirror the IBC reorganization of putting all thedefinitions in one place, new care definitions, such as"incapable of self preservation" and more currentterminology such as "psychiatric" instead of "mental" forcertain hospitals.

■ Ambulatory Health Care FacilityBuildings or portions thereof used to provide medical,surgical, psychiatric, nursing or similar care on a less than24-hour basis to individuals who are rendered incapableof self-preservation. It was recognized that there wasconfusion caused by outpatient clinics where people wereobviously incapable of self-preservation due to sedation.There are now new provisions in Section 422 for these

CODECORNER

If you want a FREE download of our 2012 Fire & Life Safety Matrix that references fire protection systems requirementsby use group, just e-mail Kelly at: [email protected] and ask for "Matrix".

ALA members: Please feel free to contact me if you have any code questions.

facilities, including hospital like defend in placecomponents such as:

➯ Smoke barriers➯ Adequate areas of refuge within barriers➯ Separate and independent exits from smoke barriers➯ Automatic sprinkler & fire alarm systems

are also required

■ Sections F-506.1 and F-607.5 – Fire Service Elevator Keys.New requirement for a key box specifically for elevatorkeys to be located within the building at each elevatorlobby. Since 2006, ASME/ANSI A17.1 has required theinstallation of a standard key and switches for fire recall.This section now addresses the requirements for non-standard keys for elevators installed prior to 2006. Keyboxes must be listed to UL 1037-99 Standard forAntitheft Alarms and Devices.

■ Chapter 6 – Building Services and Systems - Sections 604.5 – 604.5.2.1New sections mandating testing of emergency lightingbattery unit equipment monthly for activation and annuallyfor the 90-minute duration of power test.

■ F-901.8Fire pump and riser room size now mandated based onmanufacturer’s requirements, also door to be large enoughto remove largest piece of equipment.

■ Section F-903.6.2 and Chapter 46 requires all existing I-2 Use Groups must have fire sprinklers installed.

■ Section 1024All new and existing high-rise buildings will require photo luminescent exit pathway markings inside building stairways.

Due to the increase in outpatient surgery and urgent care centers, the 2009 and 2012 editions ofthe International Building Code and the International Fire Code has addressed some significant

changes that you need to be aware of for future health care design projects.

Institutional Use Group Changes in theInternational Building Code by Kelly P. Reynolds

ALA Code Consultant

LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 17 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2013 11LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 17 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2013 11


INSURANCEINFO

DefendingHome and Condo

by Robert Stanton, Willis A&E

One of the major professional liability insurers reported that for everydollar their insured designers received for residential projects, the carrier

paid four dollars in claims. Some insurance carriers look dimly at firmsthat do a large percentage of residential projects. Let’s look at a coupleof examples of residential projects and the problems caused by them.

lient’s eyes are bigger than their stomach: Thearchitect was retained by an attorney and his wifeto do a remodel on their home. They wanted toadd a family room, and the wife wanted a "worldclass kitchen." Discussions took place and thecontract was signed. The architect worked with the

wife on the details relative to the kitchen. She asked forspecific elements to be added to the kitchen layout. Whilethe designer warned these would be additional costs, he wastold to proceed. After completing the design phase, thearchitect was advised the owner trusted his contractor to dothe work, and would not need construction administrationresponsibilities. The designer acknowledged the limitedscope and prepared its bill for the work performed.

A month later, the architect received a letter from the clientindicating the architect overdesigned the project and paddedhis fees. The Owner opted not to do the work, and

demanded a full return of fees. It appears the husband didnot like the price tag for the designs. The designer wasfurther surprised when the insurer advised that the return offees is not a covered loss under the policy.

This isn’t what I had in mind: The architect designed acustom home for the client. After completion of the design,the Contract Documents and renderings were presented tothe Owner for review and approval. The Owner loved thedesign and gave the go-ahead. The work was bid, and theproject moved forward, actually being finished within thebudget. When the client and his wife came to see thefinished project, they were both extremely disappointedbecause, while they approved the work, it wasn’t what theyreally wanted. They hired an engineer to review the houseand find faults with the design. The architect reviewed hisnotes and showed the client where they agreed toeverything, but the client insisted the finished project was not

(Continued on page 22)

C

pages 14-15, 16-17, 18-19, 20-21

Introduction to

Featured Architects

Introduction to

Featured Architects

F e a t u r e d A r c h i t e c t


Dake Wells Architecture is emerging as one of a handful of progressivepractices located in the center of the United States. The firm’scollaborative work has received broad acclaim from the American Instituteof Architects, Architect Magazine, Contract Magazine, Interior DesignMagazine and American School and University Magazine as well ascountless digital media outlets. Since its founding in 2004, the practicehas received over twenty awards for design excellence at the local,regional and national level. The practice challenges commonmisconceptions about design, focusing on rational problem solving with ahealthy does of wit. Inspired by the ordinary, the work expresses aneconomy and clarity that engages people and enriches the human spirit.

The notion of place both informs and defines the firm’s work. AsMissouri’s third largest city, Springfield lies at the convergence of the Ozarks, Route 66 and tornado alley. Home to ouryoung nation’s first outlaw gunfight between Wild Bill Hickock and Dave Tutt, its identity has long been overshadowed bylarger Midwestern cities. Brandon Dake and Andrew Wells set out to overcome Springfield’s apparent inferiority complex,challenging the notion that design is expensive, frivolous or unnecessary. The existing conditions of the place in whichthey practice informs their design solutions, transforming the current condition into a new condition that supersedes theoriginal. They are making a new place, with a new identity, enriched by the very conditions that have heretofore beenregarded as the constraints that limited others. They embrace the constraints and celebrate their boundless potential.With the goal of creating meaningful architecture, they hope the work of Dake Wells Architecture is able to givesomething back to those who encounter it over time.

Photo: Sesha Smith/Convey Studio

Exeter Schools Multi-Purpose Space

This 11,000 s.f. addition claims an existing courtyardin a 3-in-1 approach to providing a new multi-usespace linking unconnected buildings for a cafeteria,practice gym, and performance hall. Flooded withlight and equipped with basketball goals and athleticfloor, it includes a folded wood element inspired by asushi roll with layers of varying absorptivenessdesigned to optimize acoustics. The projectcelebrates public assembly in its rural community of707 people.


Dake Wells Architecture Office

With limited means, a single enclosed conferencespace is positioned between existing columns and

oriented to greet visitors while blocking views of theless organized workspaces beyond. Interior walls are

lined with dry-erase material and tackable surfaces. Asteel reception desk terminates the gallery and marks

the endpoint of a single line of workstations.Salvaged fluorescent lights are reorganized above theworkstations and shielded with polycarbonate to form

a single lighting element.




KLF Architectual Systems

Located in a suburban retail center, this smalloffice for an aluminum window supplier is

inspired by aluminum extrusions found in thecompany’s manufacturing plant. The

transparent and reflective qualities of glassand aluminum are exploited and contrasted

with the workmanlike qualities of concreteand pegboard. A screen of one-inch thickcurtain wall sections separates the offices

from the conference area, adding a sense ofprivacy to the transparency.


Missouri State UniversityWest PlainsStudent Recreation Center

Partially funded by a FEMA grant, this newstudent recreation center doubles as atornado safe room capable of withstandingan EF-5 tornado. The building is nestled intoits sloping site and anchored to the campuswith a twisting band of Cor-ten steel. Theconcrete enclosure is developed as a roughtextured outer layer revealing a smooth innerlayer that recalls the area’s logging historypeeling tree bark from site specific trees.


Reeds Spring High School Addition

This new gym is separated from the existingbuilding with a glass reveal emblazoned with

"W-O-L-V-E-S". The graphic glows by nightand casts an interior shadow by day,

establishing the school’s identity to visitors.This new gym is designed as a simple masonry

box with a continuous horizontal "slot"providing daylight to the interior. This "slot" is

strategically located 12 feet above the floormaximizing natural light while minimizing glare.




Jaeger Nickola Kuhlman & Associates (JNKA) is a full service architecture firm based in ParkRidge, Illinois, that is dedicated to religious architecture and is celebrating its 50thanniversary in 2013. With its staff of 10 professionals, JNKA has completed over 450 projectsfor faith based organizations in 6 states, including churches, cathedrals, synagogues, schools,athletic facilities, administrative centers, and senior housing developments, with a wide rangeof designs for new buildings, additions, renovations, historic restorations, adaptive re-use andhandicap accessibility projects of all sizes.

Originally founded in 1963 as a firm that designed a broad range of residential and commercial buildings, its focus changed directionwhen Tom Jaeger completed his award-winning design of St. Barnabas Episcopal Church in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. This led to a gradualspecialization in religious architecture, and in 1992 the firm made a commitment to exclusively serve churches and faith basedcommunities, which has remained JNKA's focus ever since.

JNKA’s diverse portfolio of work is a reflection of the unique identity, faith, and liturgical practices of the religious communities theyserve. The firm has received numerous design awards over the years but believes one of its greatest strengths is the Visioning andMaster Planning Process they use to guide faith communities in defining the needs, wishes, and goals for their facilities, and to createarchitectural designs that respect, reflect and achieve these objectives.

The personal faith experiences of the JNKA team and the architectural challenges and rewards of serving faith based organizationsare the foundations for JNKA's commitment to specialize in religious architecture. Their passion for religious architecture fuels thefirm’s efforts and commitment to providing clients with steadfast guidance, utmost professionalism and tireless dedication througheach step of the design and construction process.

Holy Family Chapel

The Holy Family Chapel is a two-storyinterior build-out within an Opus Deiresidence and center of spiritual formation.Reverence for the Holy Eucharistic was theguiding principle for this neo-classicaldesign which features custom millwork, avaulted ceiling with skylights, stained glasswindows, arched recessed niches, customwood pews, Solomonic columns, and JNKAdesigned sanctuary furnishings, includingthe altar and reredos that frames a replica ofMurillo’s Holy Family painting.

Photo: Monika E Benitez, JNKA Architects

Immaculate Conception/ St. Joseph School

The new Immaculate Conception/St. JosephSchool was a 56,000 sf, renovation andaddition to a vacant and dilapidatedChicago Public School building originallyconstructed in 1961. The new entranceaddition provides a two story lobby,elevator, and space for the school offices.The classroom wings include a media center,science labs, specialty classrooms, and acafeteria. And the multi-purpose gymnasiumaddition includes a concession area, stageand a mezzanine with bleacher seating.

Photo: Douglas E. Lasch



Archbishop Quigley Center

The Archbishop Quigley Center was an adaptive-reuse renovation of a Landmark 87,000 sf pre-

seminary high school building and its conversioninto an administrative headquarters for the

Archdiocese of Chicago, which included newelevators, MEP systems, two levels of office spacein a former gymnasium, conference rooms within

a former circular stair tower, a new entrance lobby,ornamental stairways, and a restoration of the

historic St. James Chapel with a new woodentryway featuring Gothic detailing.

Photo: James Steinkamp

Trinity Green Trails

Trinity Green Trails is a new satellite facility forTrinity Lutheran Church that was designed

within vacant retail space of a formerWalgreens pharmacy and video store to

provide a 375-seat contemporary worshipspace, a colorful and experiential "Kidstreet"featuring an indoor slide, treehouse, and playand performance spaces for children, and the

fellowship oriented "Grounds for Hope Cafe",a coffee shop that is also open to the public 7

days a week.


St. Luke’s Lutheran Church

This three-story addition to St. Luke’s Lutheran Church wasdesigned to blend with the Gothic style of the original1928 church, and features a new handicap accessible mainentrance, a two-story gathering space with skylightsadjacent to the sanctuary, a grand "pulpit" stair thatoverlooks the gathering space, an elevator, choir rehearsalspace, meeting rooms, classrooms, church offices andbathrooms. An existing fellowship hall was also renovatedwith new air conditioning and interior finishes.




Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Community Health CenterCincinnati, Ohio

The 80,000 sq. ft. facility includes various therapies,Urgent Care, Laboratory and Radiology services.Cincinnati Children’s Hospital wanted a new facility thatembraced the brand and standards that they have inplace today. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital anticipatesmore than 50,000 visits within the first year of operationand expects at least 80,000 visits per year by 2018.

Cincinnati Public Schools Erich Kunzel Center for Arts and EducationCincinnati, Ohio

Housed within this five-story facility are visual arts,technology education, drama, dance and theater productionprograms. In addition to the flagship theater, there is a 300-seat recital hall and a black box theater. The "Avenue of theArts," a large concourse which also serves as a gallery,organizes the performance spaces, and through itsorientation and views again establishes a visual connectionback to the Music Hall.

For more than 30 years, national design firm Moody•Nolanhas been considered a leader in industry best practices andclient satisfaction. Founded in 1982 by Curtis J. Moody andHoward E. Nolan, the firm has won numerous national

awards for its innovative, functional and aesthetically pleasing solutions to achieving client goals. With projects in 45 states, Moody•Nolan specializes in corporate, education, sports/recreation, collegiate,

healthcare, housing/mixed-use and public service facilities. The firm is based in Columbus, Ohio, and operatesseven regional offices.

Over the years, the firm has been honored with more than 200 local, state and national awards, includingBest Architectural Firm by Columbus CEO and the President’s Exemplary Service Award from the NationalOrganization of Minority Architects awarded to Mr. Moody in 2008.

Their ability to work hand-in-hand with their clients and their partners has been their foundation since thebeginning. They have served as lead designer, architect of record, associate architect or as a consultant,depending on how their skills can best benefit a particular client and project. With more than 50 successfulteaming partnerships, they understand and welcome the complexities involved in the partnership of manytalented minds working cooperatively to solve client challenges and to create innovative solutions.

Photo: William Manning, William Manning Photography Photo: William Manning, William Manning Photography



Connor Group Corporate HeadquartersCenterville, Ohio

It was the Connor Group’s desire to create a world-classheadquarters facility where the building is an iconic

statement for their brand. As a progressive company, thenew facility capitalizes on the newest technologies and

environmental planning ideas, allowing for more efficientand functional environments for their associates. Thebuilding contains a central atrium space providing all

employees with access to natural light. The building isdesigned to LEED standards.

Photo: N/A; project is currently under construction

Ithaca College Athletics and Events CenterIthaca, New York

This 179,000 sq. ft. multipurpose facility workswith the existing hillside topography and createsa visual termination for a major pedestrianwalkway. The program for this facility focused onthree main activity places: indoor field house,natatorium and outdoor turf field. The signaturedesign element, the tower, serves as a naturalventilator powered by the stack effect of warmair rising and expelling hot air out the top of thetower with minimal mechanical means, whiledrawing cooler air into the building.

Photo: James West, JWest Productions, LLC

The Ohio State University Ohio UnionColumbus, Ohio

The new Ohio Union is one of the largest studentunions in the nation. Its wide ranging

accommodations include a food court in additionto a number of stand-alone food/beverage

venues; a concert hall and performance spaces; amassive ballroom capable of innumerable

configurations; conference and meeting rooms;and a suite of student organization offices. All ofthese are supported by a wide range of lounge,

social and gathering spaces.

Photo: Brad Feinknopf, Feinknopf Photography



uncan G. Stroik Architect LLC is a company that has focused on designing ecclesiastical andinstitutional works of architecture for the past 25 years in the United States and overseas.Stroik is considered a leader in the renaissance of sacred architecture through his design work,

publications, teaching, lectures, and editorship of the journal Sacred Architecture. The firm hasdesigned a large number of ecclesiastical projects including parish churches, cathedrals, elementaryschools, college chapels, monasteries and a national shrine. The greatest pleasure for the firm is toassist new clients in creating beautiful buildings for the Church. Stroik also recently launched a lineof liturgical appointments called Rinascimento.

Monastery of the Infant Jesus of PragueTraverse City, Michigan

The Carmelite Nuns of Traverse Citycelebrated the 50th anniversary oftheir Monastery of the Infant Jesus ofPrague with a sanctuary renovation toinspire a deep reverence andheightened communion with God forall. The nuns, who are cloistered,wanted to use local craftsmen andwood sourced in Michigan to supportthe local economy.

The Cathedral of Our Lady of LourdesSpokane, Washington

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdesin Spokane, Washington desired arenovation to remove the datedsanctuary elements and replace themwith materials more in harmony withthe original design of the Cathedral.The proposed renovation involvesmodifying and returning thedecommissioned cathedra and ambowhile maintaining focus on a newmarble altar of sacrifice within a clearlydefined marble sanctuary. Otherproposed improvements includedevotional shrine restorations, lightingimprovements, and the relocation ofthe historic baptismal font.



Cathedral of St. JosephSioux Falls, South Dakota

Placed on a bluff overlooking downtown Sioux Falls,the Cathedral of Saint Joseph is the most prominent

piece of architecture and a symbol of the city.Bishop Paul Swain’s request was to restore the

Cathedral in a way that the original architect wouldrecognize. The most prominent of the changes was

the new design of the sanctuary complete withcathedra, circular ambo, complex marble floor, and

marble circular baldacchino.

Cathedral of Saint PaulSaint Paul, Minnesota

The newly designed organ case by Stroik at the Cathedral ofSaint Paul in Minnesota is inspired by sketches by architectEmmanuel Masqueray, who designed the Cathedral in 1904.The hand carved walnut and gold leaf details include matchingcantilevered towers, corbels, swags, volutes, and spires. Onehundred twenty three new façade pipes screen the restoredand updated Æolian-Skinner organ. Master Woodcarver IanAgrell fabricated and installed the organ case.

The Chapel of Saint JosephSouth Bend, Indiana

"The beauty of this chapel is it will inspire so many to prayer, toexperience God’s presence and love in our hearts," proclaimed

Bishop Kevin Rhoades at the chapel dedication before Christmasin 2012. The Chapel of Saint Joseph is located at the center of

the new Saint Joseph High School in South Bend, Indiana. CSOArchitects, who designed the high school, worked together with

Duncan Stroik to create this sacred space.

Photo: Joseph Hilliard Photos


what they envisioned when reviewing the drawings. When running any risk management seminars for design

professionals, we usually advise that eighty to eighty-fivepercent of claims against design professionals are a result offailure to meet client expectations, and eighty cents of everydollar is spent on claims due to failure to communicate anddocument. This is even more pronounced when it comes tocustom homes. Remember, designers are usually dealing withless sophisticated consumers when dealing with single familyresidences. If you think about it, for the average American thepurchase of a home is the largest investment they will make intheir lifetimes. This resultsin inflated ex-pectationswhen it comes to the endresult. Therefore, thefollowing issues are vitallyimportant when it comesto dealing with owners onsingle family residences.1) Establish reasonable ex-pectations, and then doc-ument those expecta-tions back to the owner.You can use the contractnegotiation stage toeducate the client in rudimentary terms what your role is on theproject. 2) Keep the owner advised in writing as to theprogress of the project, and try to demonstrate to them howyour actions are meeting their expectations. You may alsowant to include the owner’s input on any questions orconcerns that arise so they are part of the process.

One quick point: While the client selection process may notbe used as a basis for determining whether the project will betaken or not, it doesn’t mean the process has no value. Theprocess can be used to evaluate the relative sophistication ofthe client to determine the level of communication anddocumentation will be needed to hopefully avoid any claims.

So far we’ve talked about single family residences. Let’snot forget condominiums. What are the issues that arisemost frequently with condominiums? An emerging issuewith luxury condos is sound attenuation, or the transmission

of sound from one unit to another. If the units are equipped withwhirlpool spas the issue is even more pronounced.

By far the most frequent source of claims withcondominium projects is water infiltration, especially relatedto the balconies of each condo unit. While a great manyclaims are the result of the contractor failing to properlyflash the windows, doors and chimneys, the balconiespresent the largest problem for design professionals whenit comes to condos. It is extremely difficult to designbalconies with step downs that do not leak.

Some of the challenges facing designers in condo projectsare as follows: 1) Single use, LLCs. Oncethe project is done,they’re gone and are nolonger a viablecontributor. Frequently,the designer is the onlyviable contributor.Remember, the contractorusually doesn’t haveinsurance to coverdefective work. 2) Multiple owners. If youhave a one hundred unit

condo project, you have one hundred and one potentialclaimants, including the homeowners association, 3) Plaintiffattorneys who specialize in condo projects. Otherwisecondo and residential projects share the same issues of theowner living in the claim, and the disputes usually involvinghigh emotions.

Before we end this discussion, let us not forgetsustainable design and LEED certifications. Again, whatis the client looking for when they say "I want a greenbuilding?" Do they want operating savings, tax saving,a leafy plaque, or do they have a true altruistic desire topreserve non-renewable resources. Since claimsgenerally involve money, it is usually the first two thatare the issues most frequently at issue. The designerneeds to drill down to determine what the client trulywants. But, it doesn’t end there when we are talkingabout expectations.

The client and the ultimate owner of the project must be made to understand along with the designer, thecontractor and owner have duties when it comes tosustainable design and LEED Certifications. The contractorwill have to take greater care to ensure that buildingenvelopes are tight and operating systems properlyinstalled and balanced. The owner must be more diligentin the repair, maintenance and upkeep of the building, andwill be required to keep accurate records of theirmaintenance and repair efforts.

With proper planning along with thorough communicationand documentation, residential projects can become moremanageable from a risk management perspective.

“After completing the designphase, the architect was advisedthe owner trusted his contractor

to do the work, and wouldnot need construction

administration responsibilities.”

(Continued from page 12)

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Access Elevators, Inc.Jon Tevz1000 Industrial Dr., Ste. 2CBensenville, IL [email protected] 630-616-6249

EHLS/To The Top Home ElevatorsElizabeth Crandall210 W Campus Dr, Ste. BArlington Heights, IL [email protected] 847-403-0120

ARC Imaging ResourcesGlen Prezembel1429 Jeffrey Drive, Addison, IL 60101 [email protected] www.arcimagingresources.com

Image GrilleRonald Schatz1032 West Drive, South Elgin, IL 60177 [email protected] www.imagegrille.com

Konica Minolta Business Solutions, Inc.Bruce Thorne2001 Butterfield Rd., #900Downers Grove, IL 60515 [email protected] Cell: 847-217-0919

Ohio Stormwater AssociationHarry StarkP.O. Box 444, Twinsburg, OH [email protected] 513-785-4142

Studio Design-STCheryl Tkacz1529 S. Wayne RoadWestland, MI [email protected] 734-728-5040

PCI of IL & WIMarty McIntyreP. O. Box 1477Oak Park, IL [email protected] 708-386-3715

Interline Creative GroupJames Nowakowski553 N. North Court, Ste. 160Palatine, IL [email protected] 847-358-4848

Maxima Consultants Corp.Ira Norooz824 W. Superior, Ste. 209Chicago, IL [email protected] 312-223-8414

Practice ClarityJean Leathers21335 North Park DriveCleveland, OH [email protected] 440-773-6587

B&F Techinical Code Services, Inc.Richard PiccoloP.O. Box 9576482401 W Hassell Rd., Ste. 1550Hoffman Estates, IL [email protected] 847-490-1443

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Concrete

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Berg Engineering Consultants, Ltd.Brian Berg801 West Wise Rd.Schaumburg, IL [email protected] 847-352-4500

Felton EngineeringDavid Felton112910 W. HawthorneNew Berlin, WI [email protected] 847-352-4500

Larson Engineering, Inc.Richard Serenda1488 Bond Street, Suite 100Naperville, IL [email protected] 630-357-0540www.larsonengr.com Cell: 630-624-1052

Moshe Calamaro & Associates, Inc.Moshe Calamaro930 Pitner Ave., Ste. 7Evanston, IL [email protected] 847-733-0015

Structurelogic, Inc.Michael Welsch1205 Ogden Ave.Downers Grove, IL [email protected] 630-969-0414

The Hill GroupBob Krier11045 Gage AvenueFranklin Park, IL [email protected] 847-451-5000

Ameristar Fence ProductsMark Kirby500 N. Marley Rd.New Lenox, IL [email protected] 918-835-0898

Pergolas By ParrinoA. J. Parrino4057 Forrest Ave.Western Springs, IL [email protected] 708-246-2525

Bella Citta FloorsJing Guo501 Cherry Hill Ct., Schaumburg, IL [email protected]

1-855-223-5667Chicago Plastering InstituteJohn Manley5611 West 120 Street, Alsip, IL [email protected] 708-371-3100

JG Innovations, Inc.Jack GriceP.O. Box 8128, Janesville, WI [email protected] 608-314-8710

Ozinga Architectural ProductsTom Brann2222 S. Lumber StreetChicago, IL [email protected] 708-625-1497

Tate Access FloorsDavid Bessert210 Quincy Lane, Roselle, IL [email protected] Cell: 630-336-8772

Arch Construction Management., Inc. Patrick Coveny15 Spinning Wheel Rd. #404Hinsdale, IL [email protected] 630-654-0537www.arch-cm.com Cell: 847-652-3090

WaterFurnaceScott NiesenW 9133 Roan End CourtCambridge, WI [email protected] 260-442-5374

Hafele America Co.Sherry Kaye154 W. Hubbard St., Chicago, IL [email protected]/us 312-467-2225

American Family InsuranceCindy Glaeden-Knott6000 American Parkway, Q22DMadison, WI [email protected] 608-242-4100

Euclid Insurance Agencies, a USI CompanyMelissa Roberts234 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL [email protected] 630-694-1130

Financial Security GroupGeorge Silfugarian, CFP3025 Highland Pkwy., Suite 400Downers Grove, IL [email protected] 630-874-6751

Holmes Murphy & Associates, Inc.Reid Just10 East Doty Street, Suite 800Madison, WI [email protected] 800-527-9049

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M.G. Welbel & Assoc., Inc.Michael Welbel650 Dundee Road, Ste. 170Northbrook, IL [email protected] 847-412-1414

TW Group Inc.Paul Coultrap CPCU850 N. Cass Ave.Westmont, IL [email protected] 630-353-1027www.twgroupinc.com Cell: 630-915-7418

Willis A&ETom Harkins233 S. Wacker Dr., Suite 2000Chicago, IL [email protected] 312-288-7342

Signature Design Group, Inc.Greg Sagen604 N. Washington St., Suite 2Naperville, IL [email protected] 630-305-3980

Heley, Duncan & MelanderMark Heley8500 Normandale Lake Blvd, Suite 2110Minneapolis, MN [email protected] 952-841-0219

Crivello, Carlson, S.C.Joshua Levy710 N. Plankinton Ave, Ste. 500Milwaukee, WI [email protected] 414-271-7722

Frantz Ward, LLPMark Stockman, 127 Public Square 2500 Key Tower CityCleveland, OH [email protected] 216-515-1615

Sabo & Zahn, Attorneys at LawShawn Goodman401 North Michigan Ave., Ste. 2050Chicago, IL [email protected] 312-655-8620

Schuyler, Roche & Crisham P.C.Jeffrey Kubes130 East Randolph Street #3800Chicago, IL [email protected] 312-565-8484

Night Light, Inc.Dean MacMorris148 Eisenhower Lane NorthLombard, IL 60148 [email protected] www.nightlightinc.net

Tubelite Inc.Walt Lutzke3056 Walker Ridge Dr. NW, Suite GWalker, MI 49544616-808-2549 [email protected]

J. N. Lucas & Associates, Inc.James LucasHammond, IN 46324 [email protected] Cell: 773/793-4339

Boral Stone ProductsGene Guetzow200 Mansell Court EastAtlanta, GA [email protected] 262-215-8873

Bricks IncorporatedBrent Schmitt723 S. LaSalle St., Aurora, IL [email protected] 630-897-6926

Brick Industry AssociationMegan Seid1850 Centennial Park DriveReston, VA [email protected] 703-620-3928

Custom Building ProductsHoward Jancy13001 Seal Beach Blvd.Seal Beach, CA [email protected] 312-515-9215www.CustomBuildingProducts.com Cell: 312-515-9215

Illinois Brick CompanyDeborah McGlynn8995 W. 95th Street, Palos Hills, IL [email protected] 708-237-5606

International Masonry InstituteScott Conwell2140 Corporate Dr., Addison, IL [email protected] 630-396-3106

Northfield, an Oldcastle CompanyStephen HuntOne Hunt Court, Mundelein, IL [email protected] 847 949-3600www.northfieldblock.com Cell: 847 894-2190

Pittsburgh Corning Corp.Matt Holop33772 N. Shawnee Ave.Gages Lake, IL [email protected] 847-840-6559

Rauch Clay Sales Corporation Christian Metz3037 S. Christiana Ave.Chicago, IL [email protected] 773-254-0775rauchclay.com Cell: 773-457-0901

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Lighting

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Reading RockRyan Miller4600 Devitt Dr.Cincinnati, OH [email protected] 630-864-8604

Tesko Custom MetalRobert Skonieczny7350 W. Montrose Ave.Norridge, IL [email protected] 630-864-8604

Andersen Windows, Inc.Kellan Dillon2310 Cowper Ave.Evanston, IL [email protected] 312-375-1876

Doors For Builders, Inc.Kevin Mack850 Lunt Ave.Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 [email protected] Cell: 773-964-6043

Marvin Windows & DoorsSharon Roscher457 West Fulterton Ave.Elmhurst, IL [email protected] 815-768-6678

Pella Windows & Doors, Inc.Chris Carpenter2505 Enterprise CircleWest Chicago, IL [email protected] 630-675-4750

Tee Jay Service Co., Inc.Thomas SafranP.O. Box 369, Batavia, IL [email protected] 630-406-1406

Moen IncorporatedMark Madden340 West Potomac, Lombard, IL [email protected]://moen.com 630-661-3994

TOTO USAMichael Harrigan500 N. Wells Street, Chicago, IL [email protected] 847-433-8980

International Leak DetectionChris Eichhorn, RRO2064 River Rd. South, Suite 1-SDes Plaines, IL [email protected] 866-282-5325

Nelson Testing LaboratoriesMark Nelson1210 Remington Rd.Schaumburg, IL [email protected] 847-882-1146

Advanced Building Products, Inc.Patrick Duffy283 InverwayInverness, IL [email protected] 847-705-9190www.abpcorp.net Cell: 708-707-9190

CertainTeed GypsumAmy LeeP.O. Box 860, Valley Forge, PA [email protected]/Gypsum 800-233-8990

Chicagoland Roofing Contractors AssociationWilliam McHugh4415 W. Harrison St., #436Hillside, IL [email protected] 708-202-1108www.fcia.org 630-220-0947

Chicagoland Roofing CouncilWilliam McHugh4415 W. Harrison St.,Hillside, IL 60162 [email protected] 708-449-5266

Cosella-Dorken Products, Inc.Kathryn Siegert4815 3rd Street NWRochester, MN [email protected] 414-852-4425

Dow Building SolutionsNorah Prombo4415 W. Harrison St.., #436Naperville, IL [email protected] 630-848-0405

James Hardie Building ProductsRandon Saunoris231 S. LaSalleChicago, IL [email protected] Cell: 708-941-3317

LP Building ProductsAmber Hitch414 Union St., Suite 2000Nashville, TN [email protected] 615-986-5611

LiveRoof, LLCMike SelleckP.O. Box 533Spring Lake, MI [email protected] 616-842-1392

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NexGen Building SupplyJohn Mandigo2300 Hammond Drive, Schaumburg, IL [email protected] 847-303-9800

Prosoco Inc.Gary HayesP.O. Box 7, Batavia, IL [email protected] 800-255-4255

Shaffner Heaney Associates, Inc.Phillip Eenigenburg2508 South Main Street, South Bend, IN [email protected] 847-651-2002

Tremco Barrier SolutionsErik Schremp471 Wren Lane, , Hudson, WI [email protected] 952-221-6010

Robert Zank14007 S. Bell Road #305Homer Glen, IL [email protected] 312-226-3300

For over 60 years, Baird's has specialized in wholesale customdraperies, bedding, shades, blinds, reupholstery, shutters,decorative hardware and motorized systems to the design trade.MechoSystems, Hunter Douglas, Conrad, Horizons, Nanilk

Architectural Woodwork InstituteGregory Bednar4120 S. Victoria CircleNew Berlin, WI [email protected] 571-323-3629www.awinet.org Cell: 414-659-2462

Chicago Regional Council of CarpentersKeith Jutkins12 E. ErieChicago, IL [email protected] 312-787-3076

James Gogolski1742 Warrenton Thomson, GA [email protected] 706-595-7355www.frtw.com. Cell: 706-990-8963

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The Vinyl Institute, Inc.Terry-Anne Murphy1737 King Street, Suite 390Alexandria, VA [email protected]://www.vinylindesign.com 410-917-0539

USP Structural ConnectorsNeil Faulkner1537 Mandel Ave., Westchester, IL [email protected] 708-497-8653

Wood Products Council (WoodWorks)Archie Landreman3550 Osborne Blvd., Racine, WI [email protected] 262-672-4746www.woodworks.org Cell: 262-497-5550

WeyerhaeuserSteven Tag1518 Carlton Court, New Lenox, IL [email protected] 815-514-0348

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▲28 LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 17 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2013

CONTRIBUTEDARTICLE

HowWide

Is YourTriangle?

by Rena M. Klein, FAIA

hat kind of firm you have probablydepends on what comes naturally. Your

capabilities, your interests and your habits alltogether have a way of attracting certain kinds ofwork and certain ways of doing business. Chancesare, whether you know it or not, you are alreadyoperating within one of the common businessmodels for professional service firms.

So, if it’s already happening without you knowing,why should you care?

You should care because awareness of businessmodels gives you the ability to be strategic abouthow your firm is structured. It’s similar to a designconcept that gives shape to all decisions thatfollow. It can give you an understanding of how tomatch your staffing with the way you generaterevenue, likely resulting in greater profitability.Understanding these business models underscoresthe ineffectiveness that can result from pursuingany job that comes along – often stalling a firm’sability to gain traction in knowing what they aredoing and how they are doing it.

Each business model, to be successful, has anideal staffing configuration. Hence, the triangleimage and the question - how wide is your staffingtriangle? Or to put it another way, what shape isthe design concept for your firm?

Business Models forDesign Firms

Figure 1: Staffing triangles are different depending on your business model


Basic Business ModelsFor professional service firms, there are three basic business

models that are represented in Figure 1. To be clear, by businessmodel I mean an articulation of how you make your money. Areyou dependent on high hourly rates and advanced expertise forwhich clients are willing to pay top dollar? Or are you workinghard to be more efficient so you can make money while offeringlower fees and quicker turnaround?

If your practice is like most design firms, you find yourselfsomewhere in-between. Your core competency is based on yourexperience and your ability to solve complex problems. Makingmoney is dependent on the skillful management of staff andclients. Any size firm can practice using any of these threemodels – you don’t have to be a big firm to practice efficiency,have experience, or cultivate expertise.

Let’s examine each of these models individually:

Efficiency FirmsEfficiency firms are focused on fast and less expensive project

delivery. These firms often specialize in one project type or anarrow range of services and tend to serve clients that arelooking for standard solutions and quick turnaround. Forexample, a small architectural firm that serves residentialdevelopers might operate effectively within the efficiency model.Large firms can operate in this model also if they specialize in thedelivery of routine project types, such as big box stores. On jobssuch as these, once standards and routine methods are in place,a firm can easily grow to accommodate an expanding market.

Because efficiency-based firms do projects with a significantamount of routine work, firm owners are able to hire lessexperienced people for production assistance. This helps to keepproduction costs down, while freeing the principals to acquiremore work. Routine work may also lend itself to having a remotevirtual workforce or to sub-contracting production work. Withrepeatable elements and standard processes, project deliverycan be streamlined. Profitability is dependent on volume andproductivity is relatively easy to obtain once systems are in place.Sustainable success in these firms requires continuousimprovement of work processes and staying current withtechnology and trends.

Experience FirmsWhen asked, most firm leaders will describe their firms as

operating within the second business model and most arecorrect in their assessment. In contrast with efficiency firms thathave deep experience but engage in routine projects, true

experience firms are proficient at solving non-routine andcomplex design problems. While their experience may be in acertain project type, such as healthcare or museums, their corecompetency is the ability to successfully organize and deliversignificant and complicated projects. Many successful experiencefirms find they are able to apply their accrued knowledge to adiversity of project types, a strategy that can help weathereconomic downturns in individual market sectors.

The basic management challenge for this type of firm is tomatch the project task to the "pay-grade." Much of a design feecan be spent when the principals or project architects performwork that could be done by someone with a lower salary. Forsolo-practitioners who have meaningful experience in complexprojects, a first hire might be experienced support, rather thanproduction help. An employee that can manage projects will freethe firm owner to do more design work and nurture relationshipsthat will lead to more opportunities.

Virtual collaboration with other firms as sub-consultants or jointventure partners is an excellent strategy for experience firms thatwant to grow and expand their project portfolio. Sustainabilityfor experience firms is enhanced when they are adept at creating,acquiring, and managing knowledge from doing projects so itcan be applied to future commissions.

Expertise FirmsExpertise firms have service offerings that rest upon deep

knowledge and/or exceptional talent. These firms include thoseheaded by "starchitects" with their unique style and abilities, ormore commonly, by specialists in a narrow band of professionalknowledge, such as acoustical design or passive house.

Figure 2: Efficiency firms rely on repeatable processes.

Figure 3: Experience firms rely on applying accrued knowledge.

• We can do it better, faster, cheaper

• Profitability depends on productivity &repeatable project elements

• More routine work, more junior staff

• Staffing triangle: cwide at bottom

Partners / Principals

Project Managers /Project Architects

Interns /Drafters

• We know how to solve complex design problems

• Profitability depends on well managed projects andskillful use of staff resources

• Mixture of tasks and staffing levels

• Staffing triangle: balanced

Partners / Principals

Project Managers /Project Architects

Interns /Drafters

Figure 4: Expertise-based firms rely on the unique knowledge or talent

• We have special knowledge or talent

• Profitability depends on high fees for expert orunique service

• More non-routine work and senior staff

• Staffing triangle: top-heavyPartners / PrincipalsProject Managers /Project ArchitectsInterns / Drafters

For firm owners who have deep knowledge and are thoughtleaders in their field, an expertise firm may allow a financiallysuccessful one-person firm to be established and sustained.When employees are involved, since most of the work is non-routine, few, if any, middle level and junior staff people areneeded to complete the work. More commonly, expertpractitioners will partner with other experts in related field tooffer a broader range of services. Many also connect withacademic institutions that allow expert practitioners theopportunity to teach and facilitate research activities that forwardknowledge creation. One or two person firms can be verysuccessful using this model since profitability depends on highhourly rates for services.

When Things Get Out Of BalanceIf you run an expertise firm or an efficiency firm it is fairly

transparent when staffing is unbalanced and relatively easy tocorrect. For experience firms it’s a different story and manystruggle due to the imbalance in their staffing.

The typical imbalance scenario is illustrated in Figure 5.

This situation happens when there are too many projectarchitect / managers (PA/PM) relative to the number of principalsand junior staff. Often, most of these PM/PAs have about thesame amount of experience and many have been there foryears. These are usually highly valued employees whounderstand the firm principal(s) and can get things done.

However, in many firms these PA/PMs face no possibility ofmoving up in their careers unless they leave the firm. So themost entrepreneurial and ambitious will likely leave sooner orlater. There are obvious downsides to their departure – the lossof institutional knowledge, the cost of new hires, and thenarrowing of future ownership transition options, for example.

There are a number of paths out of this situation, but muchdepends of the proclivities of the firm owners. If you are a firmowner that wants firm growth, the staff can be balanced bymoving worthy PM/PAs to a "partner track." This involvesidentifying current and future "rain-makers," mentoring them,and connecting them with your existing client base. Growthhappens as the new partners begin to bring in new work. Asthe firm grows, hiring more junior staff completes the staffrebalancing.

If your firm is out of balance, but you don’t want it to grow,you need to face the likelihood of losing valued PM/PAs fromtime to time. It will also remain challenging to be profitableunless you have developed very effective work processes or arein a lucrative market sector.

Your best bet is to encourage and support the departure ofPM/PAs when they are ready and seemingly aspiring for more.This will bring the firm back into balance through attrition,especially if the PM/PA is replaced with a junior person.Profitability will remain difficult unless this balance is carefullywatched and work processes are continually improved. However,this strategy will maintain the firm at a size where the principalscan be directly involved in every aspect of the firm’s work, whichis the preference of many small firm owners.

How to Know What You AreIf you run a high-design firm that does trendy retail stores, your

firm will have to be different from the architect’s that designs theentire suburban shopping center. For one thing, the shoppingcenter architect needs many junior level employees to completethe production work, while the stylish retail architect needscutting-edge creativity from her small staff. There are alsodifferences in clients for these two types of jobs and these clientshave differing expectations of their architects. It’s hard to do bothin one firm, especially a small one, even though they are both"retail" projects.

How do you know what kind of firm you have or want to have?Take this little test:

1. Clients’ most important reason for hiring you is:a. You offer reasonable fees, while delivering a good

product, on timeb. You offer a portfolio of projects that shows you have done

projects of equal size and complexity as the one they aredeveloping

c. You offer specialized knowledge or ability that the client needs

2. Your definition of professional success is:a. Delivering good projects with effectiveness and graceb. Wining design awards for large and/or complex projects c. Being renowned for your expertise or design talent

3. In your ideal workplace, you would be:a. Acquiring projects and overseeing their execution by

junior staff and project managersb. Working in sync with like-minded people on interesting

projects in a collegial atmosphere c. Surrounded by a colleagues who are intellectual peers

capable of collaborating on projects needing advance knowledge

Obviously, "a" indicates “Efficiency," "b" indicates "Experience"and "c" indicates "Expertise." Even though some of thesechoices are considered more "sexy" than others, try to be honestwith yourself and answer with the letter that most describes yourtrue feelings and experience. I know some of you will want toanswer, "all of the above," but that is just not practical in onelifetime. If two out of the three are the same letter, you have agood indication of your proclivities. It may turn out that you aretruly even, one a, one b and one c, and if that is the case, it maybe useful to consider how to narrow your focus and be morestrategic. You are more likely to be successful if you do.

About the AuthorRena M. Klein, FAIA is the author of The Architect’s Guide to

Small Firm Management (Wiley, 2010) and principal of RM KleinConsulting, a firm that specializes in helping small firm ownersrun their firms better.

Figure 5: Experience firm staffing can easily get out of balance



ALA (The Association of LicensedArchitects) is an organization open to allarchitects and professions related to architecture. It represents architectsregistered or licensed in any state, territoryor possession of the United States, andforeign countries.

ALA was founded in 1999 by a group ofarchitects who formerly served as BoardMembers of other Architects’ Associations.Later that year, ALA was joined by ISA(Illinois Society of Architects), the oldestindependent state organization in thecountry, which brought valued expertise andhistoric significance to the Association. ALAhas experienced rapid growth, continues tomaintain affordable dues and publishes aprofessional magazine for its members.

ALA’s mission is to advance theArchitectural Profession through educationand by supporting and improving theprofession’s role in the built environment.

ALA’s vision is to positively impact theArchitectural Profession through the powerof organization. Its purpose is to unite,educate, promote, and advance theArchitectural Profession and address criticalissues confronting it. ALA will support theefforts of other Associations, when combinedefforts will produce benefits for all.

ALA will work and speak for members of theArchitectural Profession and improvecommunication with the community throughprograms offering information, educationand cooperation. It proposes to advanceand contribute to the health, safety andwelfare of the general public and believes instimulating and encouraging continuingeducation plus the advancement of the artand science of architecture.

ALA’s motto is:

“Architects united to advance the Profession of Architecture”MEM

BERS

HIP

MEM

BERS

HIP Join now and become a member of a dynamic growing

organization of architects

What ALA can do for YOU!BENEFITS FOR MEMBERS:

• Professional Designation• Project Referral• Legislative Monitoring• Continuing Education Programs at Reduced Rates• Quarterly Magazine – “Licensed Architect”• Hot Lines: Legal, Code, Insurance, and ADA • Short Form Electronic Contracts• Membership Wall Certificate• Job Posting• Mediation• Annual Design Awards Program• Student Merit Awards• IDP Assistance • Networking with Affiliate and Professional Members• Online Member and Resource Directory• Annual Conference and Product Show• Logging of ALA Program Hours• Volunteer Opportunities• Voting Privileges

• Same as professional members with the exceptionof voting privileges and professional designation plus...

• Networking with Professionals• Special Member Rates at Annual Conference and

Product Show• Sponsorship Opportunities• New! Buyer’s Guide Listing in June issue of

Licensed Architect

Professional, Senior & Emeritus Members

Affiliate Members

Involvement is an Investment in your Future!Share Experiences, Write an Article,

Publish Design Work, Serve on a Task Force

SEE THE NEXT PAGE FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

HELP INFLUENCE THE FUTURE OF ARCHITECTURECollective strength provides a wellspring of knowledge

Association of

Licensed Architects

Same as professional members with the exception ofvoting privileges, professional designation &

short form electronic contracts.

Associate, Student, Honorary & New Graduate Members


(1) Full Name(Please print) Last First M.I.

(2) Current Professional Status: ■■ Partner/Principal ■■ Firm Architect ■■ Academic ■■ Other

(3) Information for Association records (Please check ONE box for desired mailing address):■■ Office ■■ Residence

Firm name Address

Address City / State / Zip

City / State / Zip Phone

E-mail Address E-mail Address

Phone: ( ) Fax: ( ) FAX No.

(4) States of Licensure License No.

(5) Project types:

(6) Number of employees in firm/corporation:

(7) Current Membership in other Professional Organizations:

(8) Referred by:

(9) ALA Membership Category Applying For:

■■ PROFESSIONAL - Licensed architects = $150.00■■ SENIOR - Licensed architect 65 or over = $65.00■■ AFFILIATE - Industry or related professionals = $250.00■■ ASSOCIATE - Architecture degree/non-licensed = $65.00■■ STUDENT - Full time/Architecture Schools = $25.00■■ International Members - add $40.00 dollars for postage■■ NEW GRADUATE - 1 year free membership with Professional degree.

Please provide a copy of your diploma with this application.

Signature of Applicant Date

All dues may be deducted as a business expense but not as a charitable contribution.

2013 ALA Membership ApplicationOne East Northwest Highway, Suite 200, Palatine, IL 60067

JOIN NOW

Reap the Benefits!

What the Association of Licensed Architects can do for YOU!

ALA will provide you with:• Information• Education• Research• Networking• Referral Service

Please complete the application below and mail with your tax deductiblecheck made out to ALA, One East Northwest Highway, Suite 200, Palatine, IL 60067

For information call 847-382-0630 or E-mail: [email protected]

Registration is also available on-line at www.alatoday.org

SUPPORT yourPROFESSION!

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Wisconsin

Legal Services for ArchitectsIllinois

Minnesota

Heley Duncan&Melander PLLP

Mark J. Heley, Attorney at Law

Eric Heiberg, Attorney at LawDirect (952) 841-0219Main (952) 841-0001

8500 Normandale Lake Boulevard Fax (952) 841-0041Suie 2110 Toll Free (866) 841-0080Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437 [email protected]

ALA Annual Golf OutingFriday, August 16, 2013

Golf Club of Illinois, Algonquin, IL

1:00 PM – Shotgun start • 6:30 PM Dinner & Awards Ceremony

ENTER YOUR FOURSOME TODAY IN THE BESTGOLF OUTING OF THE YEAR!

Invite and entertain clients, or join your ALA friends, suppliers, and contractors forgolf and dinner. You will enjoy a wonderful day of relaxed golf and excellent food atGolf Club of Illinois in Algonquin, plus have many chances at great prizes and cash.

MARKET YOUR COMPANY - BE A SPONSOR!• Hole Sponsor - Display your company name on a sponsor sign - $250• Lunch Co-Sponsors (2) - Kick off the outing as a Lunch Sponsor - $500• Eagle Sponsor - Sponsor a par three hole - ‘Meet and Greet’ all the players - $400• Putting Competition Sponsor - Give your company extra recognition and reward

the best putters - $400• 19th Hole Sponsor - Provide appetizers for the hungry golfers during the cocktail

hour - $400• Scratch Card Sponsor - Display your company name on the back of every scratch

card - $500

Great Prizes including the $10,000 Hole – In – One!Make your reservations today!

For more information go to alatoday.org or call 847-382-0630.

2013 ALA Design Awards Program

Declaration of Intent • 2013 ALA Design Awards Program

I plan to submit an entry (entries) in ALA’s 2013 Design Award Program and will submit all materialsby by Sept. 6th, 2013 to: ALA Headquarters, 1 E. Northwest Hwy. • Ste. 200 • Palatine, IL 60067

Please mail my entry submission requirements, concealed identification forms and category guidelines to:

Name Company

Phone No. E-Mail

Address City State Zip

PROJECT ID BY NAME(S)

Number of entries @ $125.00 initial entry (ALA members) $$100.00 each additional entry

Number of entries @ $275.00 initial entry (non-ALA members) $$100.00 each additional entry Make checks payable to ALA

(include check with form)

Association of

Licensed Architects

PURPOSE

ELIGIBILITY

AWARDS

CATEGORIES

JURY/JUDGING

SUBMITTALS

AWARD WINNING ENTRIES

PRESENTATION OF AWARDS

RELEASE, RETURN OF ENTRY, AND PUBLICITY

SUBMISSION OF INTENT

DEADLINES

To give professional recognition to excellence in Design byselecting award recipients whose work exhibits the creativeand aesthetic characteristics deemed relevant by theirpeers and associates and to foster adoption of this qualityby the general public.

All submittals must be completed works designed by ALAmembers.Design awards are to be in the name of the firm, if amember of the firm is a member of ALA and a Principal ofthe firm. Otherwise, the award shall be given in the nameof the Architect responsible for the design with the name ofthe member’s firm also shown.

No entry may be submitted which has previously won anALA Design Award.

Entries will be judged on their own merits based on:• Program Solution • Site and Space Planning• Overall Design Solution • Construction System and DetailsCertificates will be presented in order that the Firm, Owner,Contractor and Developer may be recipients. The followingawards will be issued:

Presidential Award (1)Gold Medal AwardSilver Medal AwardAward of Merit

Entries shall be labeled in one of the following categories:1. Residential I - Single Family Homes2. Residential II - Multi Family Homes, Apts3. Commercial/Industrial4. Renovation5. Institutional6. Religious7. Unbuilt Design8. Interior Architecture

The panel of five jurors will be composed of architectsand other design professionals such as college professors,journalists, interior designers, etc. It will meet shortly afterthe submission deadline to evaluate and select thebuilding projects to receive awards.

Decisions of the jury shall be final. None of the jurymembers may submit entries for judging or be associatedwith a firm submitting entries.

Each entry must be submitted in the following manner.1. Submit no less than one (1) or more than two (2) 20” X

20” boards, the composition of which shall be at thediscretion of the entrant.

2. After Declaration of Intent, each participant will receivea detailed description of entry requirements by August16, 2013 to guide in the preparation of the boards.Minimum requirements will be enumerated along withaccompanying information.

3. Boards and accompanying material must be received at ALAHeadquarters by close of business on September 6th, 2013.

Award recipients will be requested to furnish additionalphotos or electronic versions for press releases and todisplay their entries at the Awards Banquet.

Certificates will be presented to applicants at the 2013Awards Presentation Dinner on Friday, November 8th, 2013at the Metropolitan Ballroom in Arlington Heights, Illinois.Clients are invited to attend along with entrants and guests.

All entries are accepted with the explicit free right ofpublication, reproduction, and use by ALA and its sponsorswithout need for further approval. ALA shall not beresponsible for protection of submission. Submissions maybe picked up at the awards dinner or at the ALA office.

The attached Declaration of Intent must be completedand returned with payment post-marked no later thanAugust 9th, 2013 to: ALA Headquarters

1 E. Northwest Hwy. • Ste. 200 • Palatine, IL 60067Entry fees must accompany each entry as described below:

ALA Members: $125.00 for first entry; each additional entry: $100.00

Non-ALA Members: $275.00 for the first entry(includes a one year ALA Membership)

each additional entry: $100.00Direct questions to ALA Headquarters (847-382-0630) or

E-mail: [email protected]

August 9th, 2013: Declaration of IntentSept. 6th, 2013: Submission of Entries

2012 Presidential Award Winner:DLR Group

Project: Patterson Technology Center, Effingham, IL


ECONOMICOUTLOOK

Economic Updateby Bernard Markstein, Ph.D., U.S. Chief Economist, Reed Construction Data

Despite significant challenges, the United Stateseconomy continues to grow at a moderate pace. One ofthe major drags on the economy is from reductions infederal government spending. Real (inflation adjusted)gross domestic product (GDP) grew only 0.4% at aseasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) in fourth quarter2012. Cuts in national defense spending reduced growthby almost 1.3% (a sharp drop in inventories reducedgrowth even more—1.5%). First quarter 2013 real GDPgrowth rebounded 2.5% based on preliminary data, withinventory rebuilding adding 1.0% to growth. However,growth in the first quarter would have been in excess of3% if there had been no reduction in federal governmentspending—most of which was due to further reductionsin national defense spending.

Sequestration, which officially began on March 1, is agrowing hindrance as the economy struggles forward.Some (if not most) of thereductions in defensespending were undoubtedlymade in anticipation of thethen upcoming sequestration.Also, it appears that manyfederal agencies anddepartments slowed orstopped hiring in anticipationof sequestration. Similarly, inthe private sector, manygovernment contractors (bothdefense and non-defense)also held off hiring and put offany planned investment,unsure of what sequestrationwould do to their businessprospects.

Now, furloughs are likely tooccur for some governmentworkers, which will mean areduction in pay for thoseworkers and, consequently,reduced spending by thoseindividuals, a negative forconsumer expenditures.

In the meantime, furloughs of air traffic controllers werequickly reversed by Congress as flight delays began to ripplethrough the system. Coincidentally, the legislation to roll backthe furloughs passed a week before Congress was set to takea late April recess, which is also when many members fly backto their home districts.

One positive for the economy is the ongoing recovery inhousing. Residential construction is no longer a drag on theeconomy, but rather a contributor to growth. Residentialconstruction has increased for eight straight quarters—atdouble digit rates for five of the six past quarters.

On the other hand, nonresidential construction hasstruggled. Seasonally adjusted current dollar (not inflationadjusted) nonresidential building construction spendingincreased from second quarter 2011 through second quarter2012. That activity began to falter in the second half of 2012,slipping slightly in the third quarter (down 0.1%) and


advancing only modestly in the fourthquarter (up 0.2%). First quarter 2013’sgrowth was truly disappointing, down2.1%. Although these quarterlypercentage changes are based onseasonally adjusted data, much of thecountry suffered from adverse weatherthat may have amplified the decline in theseasonally adjusted numbers for the firstquarter of 2013. These numbers aresubject to revision. Nonetheless, they areof concern.

Heavy non-building (civil) engineeringconstruction spending followed asomewhat similar pattern. Spendingincreased from second quarter 2011through first quarter 2012, was flat insecond quarter 2012, and fell in the thirdquarter (down 0.4%). In an apparentdeparture from the nonresidential buildingconstruction numbers, heavy engineeringspending jumped 5.8% in the fourthquarter, and then dropped 4.3% in thefirst quarter. However, power constructionspending surged in the fourth quarter ascompanies rushed to take advantage ofexpiring tax credits (subsequently extended with somemodifications). The power spending skewed the changes inheavy engineering spending data in fourth and first quarters.Excluding the power spending numbers, heavy engineeringspending fell 0.1% in fourth quarter 2012 and fell 2.9% in firstquarter 2013.

The economy’s challenges and slow growth will hold downnonresidential construction spending this year. However, thereshould be improvement in the second half of this year andthroughout 2014. The Reed forecast is for total constructionspending to increase 4% this year, with nonresidentialconstruction spending up only modestly (+0.3%), heavyengineering increasing 1%, and residential increasing 11%. For

2014, the Reed forecast is for totalconstruction spending to rise 10%, withnonresidential construction spending rising8%, heavy engineering rising 6%, andresidential rising 14%.

The U.S. economy and commercialconstruction face several risks that, if one ormore were to occur, would lower the growthforecast and increase the risk of recession:

• Failure to provide funding for the federalgovernment by the end of September

• Federal debt hits the legal ceiling in the fallwith no resolution

• Sovereign debt default by one or moremajor European countries

• One or more countries abandon the euro

• Significantly higher oil prices (roughly 50%a barrel or higher) for a sustained period(two months or longer)


ADAADVICEADAADVICE

What isan

ExteriorArea forAssistedRescue?

by Kimberly Paarlberg, RA, Staff Architect ICC

Safe evacuation for occupants of abuilding is one of the primaryemphases of the International Buildingand Fire Codes (IBC and IFC). Chapter10 of the IBC addresses requirementsfor building elements used during anevacuation. The fire and safetyevacuation plans (IFC Section 404)indicates the plan for how theevacuation will be carried out. Bothinclude specific requirements toaddress the needs of persons who maynot be able to use the standard meansof egress elements, such as stairways.

The means of egress includes threedistinct parts — exit access, exit andexit discharge. Exit discharge isdefined as “the portion of a means ofegress system between thetermination of an exit and a publicway.” It is when the exit dischargedoes not provide an accessible routethat other alternatives must beconsidered.

For the purpose of this discussion,we will be looking at an example of noaccessible route being available at thelevel of exit discharge from a backdoor exit to the public way (2012 IBCSection 1007.7.1).


Due to site constraints — such as easements, slopes, groundsurfaces, etc., an accessible route from a second exit is notalways practical. The option under 2012 IBC Section 1007.7.1is commonly used on the ground level for the second exit outthe back of a building or tenant space. This will be either asinglestory building, or the first level of a multistory buildingwhere the secondary exit discharge is inaccessible due tochanges in elevation around the building.

Example 1: A strip mall would have accessible entrances toeach tenant in the front (2012 IBC Section 1105.6). Manyhave service entrances or loading bays across the back, sothe second exit door may lead to steps. A ramp foraccessible exit discharge could 1) be impractical due to theelevation change, 2) block access to the loading docks, 3) besubject to damage by maneuvering trucks, or 4) haveinadequate space on a narrow alley.

Example 2: An office building has a second exit that leadsto a concrete stoop, and the exit discharge is sloped, isuneven, or may be blocked by snow. A single step is just asimpassible for a person using a wheelchair as a series ofsteps. Providing a sidewalk all the way to the front of thebuilding may not be practical due to adjacent propertylines, or that you could be traveling immediately adjacentto a burning building.

At this “back exit door,” there is a choice of providing eitheran interior area of refuge or an exterior area for assisted rescue.Note there is no sprinkler exception for either the interior area ofrefuge or the exterior area for assisted rescue. The sprinklerexceptions for areas of refuge are associated only with fullstorystairways or elevators between stories.

While the interior area of refuge is an option that wouldprovide protection for persons who cannot use thenonaccessible exit discharge, there are cons that support theexterior area of assisted rescue as a better design choice.Typically, the tenants do not like losing usable interior space toan area of refuge, especially in small tenant spaces. The firedepartment has concerns about interior areas of refuge being

kept clear and not turned into storage areas. Persons withdisabilities have expressed that they would prefer to be outsideand visible, rather than inside during a fire event, even if it werea protected space.

Technical criteria for the exterior area of assisted rescue.2012 IBC Sections 1007.7.3 through 1007.7.6 provide criteria for a

safe place to wait temporarily for assistance. These address size,separation/protection, openness and any steps in the route from anexterior area for assisted rescue to grade. Note: If the stair is an exteriorexit stairway (i.e., more than a story of vertical travel), the provisions inSection 1007.3 would be applicable.

Size – 1007.7.3 The size of an exterior area for assisted rescue isthe same as for an interior area of rescue. Basically, the exteriorarea for assisted rescue must have an enlarged landing area withspace for at least one wheelchair for every 200 occupants usingthat exit. The wheelchair spaces must be located so they do notobstruct the general means of egress. If these spaces are confinedby walls, guards or edges, they also must meet the alcoveprovisions in ICC A117.1 so that persons using wheelchairs canmaneuver into the space (see Figure 1007.7.3).

Separation – 1007.7.4 The protection provided by an exteriorarea for assisted rescue would be equivalent to that required foran interior area of refuge. The separation requirements are similarto exterior exit stairways: onehour fireresistancerated walls and3/4hour protected openings for 10 feet (3048 mm) above and tothe sides of the landing (see Sections 1022.7 and 1026.6).

The separation requirements address typical rear exitsituations of an exterior exit door in a flatwall condition. Otherlocations may require alternative protection measures to“shield” an exterior area for assisted rescue. The principle of“wing” walls (similar to fire wall extensions) suggests analternative to 3/4hour opening protectives at dock doorsadjacent to an exterior area for assisted rescue. The wing wallmust: 1) extend out at least 4 feet from the face of thebuilding, 2) be rated for onehour fire Figure 1007.7.3 – Plan of

Figure 1007.7.3 – Plan of an exterior area of rescue assistance resistance


40 LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 17 NO. 1 • SPRING 2013

ADAADVICEADAADVICE(continued from page 39)

an exterior area of rescue assistance resistance and 3) belocated between the unprotected opening and the exteriorarea for assisted rescue (see Figure 1007.7.3 and 1007.7.4).

Note that providing a rescue location 10 feet (3,048 mm)away from an exterior wall does not serve as a viablealternative to a fireresistancerated exterior wall. Personswaiting for assistance must have a minimum level of physicalshielding (exterior walls, wing walls or a combination) from afire in the building.

Openness – 1007.7.5 The openness criteria for exterior areas ofassisted rescue are similar to the requirements for exteriorbalconies. The purpose is to ensure a person at an exterior areaof rescue assistance is not in danger from accumulation ofsmoke and fumes. The criteria address situations where therescue area is open to outside air, but a combination of roofoverhangs and perimeter walls or guard walls could still trapenough smoke to jeopardize the safety of the occupants.

Stairways – 1007.7.6 Any steps that lead from anexterior area for assisted rescue to grade must have aclear width of 48 inches (1,219 mm) measured betweenhandrails. The additional width is to permit adequateroom to assist a mobility impaired person down the stepsand to a safe location.

Signage – 1007.9 and 1007.11 Communication of informationis essential for all evacuations plans. Signage enables anoccupant to become aware of the exterior area for rescueassistance. The assistance areas must provide signage on orabove the door stating “EXTERIOR AREA FOR ASSISTED

RESCUE,” with the International Symbol of Accessibility. Theapproach the code takes for identification of the area of refugeis comparable to the general provisions for identification ofexits, including the require-ment for lighting of the signage.Signage with raised letters and braille (stating “EXIT”) is alsorequired adjacent to the door for the benefit of persons with avisual impairment.

Instructional signage must be provided at the exterior areafor assisted rescue. Instructions should include information onhow assistance will be provided at this location. Since eachbuilding's means of egress and fire and safety evacuation plansare unique, specific requirements for sign verbiage are notindicated, but will depend on the situation. Remember, allexterior areas of assisted rescue and how they are to be usedare included in the fire and safety evacuation plans developedbetween the building owner/tenant and the fire department.The fire department will know where exterior areas of assistedrescue are located so they can check those areas immediatelyupon arrival.

Twoway communication – 1007.6.3 and 1007.8While twoway communication is required inside an area ofrefuge system is not required at an exterior area for assistedrescue. Since these are “back door” exits, the chance ofinoperation due to vandalism is very high. Visibility at thislocation, coupled with rescue information on the fire and safetyevacuation plan, as well as fire department notification by thesprinkler and fire alarm systems is considered acceptable.

ConclusionThe 2010 ADA Standard for Accessible Design (otherwise

known as the “new ADAAG”), references the 2000 and2003 IBC for accessible means of egress requirements.Having this alternative to address exits without anaccessible exit discharge was part of that evaluation. Morerecent editions of the IBC are not referenced due to thedate at which the provisions were finalized by the federalgovernment (the 2010 ADA standard was completed in2004). The ICC continues to work to improve provisions inthe codes, including accessible means of egress. It is ICC’sopinion that the 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 IBC includeprovisions for accessible means of egress that meet orexceed those found in the 2000 and 2003 IBC.

Figure 1007.7.4 – Elevation of an exterior area of rescue assistance

Editor's note: In February Kimberly Paarlberg of the CodeCouncil and Marsha Mazz from the U.S. Access Board gave ajoint teleconference on Accessible Mean of Egress. Thepresentation has been archived and can be viewed online.ICC was very excited about this opportunity to work with theAccess Board and the ADA National Network to improveeducation and compliance for accessibility requirements.

This article originally appeared in the April 2013 issue of theBuilding Safety Journal Online, copyright International CodeCouncil, and is reprinted with permission.

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CONTRIBUTEDARTICLE

Are You Protecting YourMost Valuable Asset?

by George M. Silfugarian, CFP

our ability to work and earn a living is your mostvaluable asset. Most of your income is earned

income. When you stop working, your income stops.When protecting your most valuable asset, you shouldask yourself, "How long could I live on my savings if

my income stopped this very second?" It's shocking thatmany people in the richest nation in the world are within sixweeks of personal bankruptcy.

Your chances of becoming disabled are high. If you'recurrently between the ages of 25 and 45, your chances ofbecoming disabled for at least 90 days are greater than one inthree1. Statistics show the longer a disability, the less likely theperson will return to work.

The logical solution has been to buy some form of disabilityincome protection coverage through your insurance agent.Like most forms of insurance, disability income has its ownlanguage. To make sure you choose the kind and amount ofcoverage you need, here are some suggestions to considerwhen shopping for disability income policies.

• Consider buying a policy that is guaranteed to berenewable and can only be canceled if you fail to pay thepremiums. You purchase insurance to make sure you get aspecific result. Always buy quality coverage from a reputablecarrier. Also, with a non-cancelable policy, premium rates cannot be raised at anytime for as long as you own the policy.Your rates will never go up.

• Look at the definition of disability. When you buy disabilitycoverage, you are actually buying the insurance company'sdefinition of disability. There are three basic definitions:

■ Presumptive Disability: If your sickness or injury results in theloss of your eyesight, power of speech, hearing, use of bothhands, both feet or one hand and one foot, then most insur-ance companies will consider you totally disabled. Not onlythat, but many companies will waive the elimination periodand you could start receiving your benefits immediately.

■ Occupational Disability: You'll want to avoid insurancepolicies that have an "any occupation" definition. If thepolicy pays only if the insured is unable to perform anyoccupation that reasonably fits, then his/her chances ofgetting paid are small. You want a disability policy thatconsiders you disabled if you can not do the substantialand material duties of your regular occupation.

■ Partial, Residual and Income Loss: You hurt your backbecause you fall off a chair changing a light bulb or youlose time from work for a stress-related illness. In thesesituations, it's likely you would not be totally disabled. Lookfor a policy that will pay a proportional benefit if you havea partial or residual loss of income. Many definitions ofdisability are concerned with your ability to work part-timeand do all of your regular duties; or coming to work full-time and only being able to do part of your regular duties.

You need to be thorough in reviewing any clauses. Toresolve this confusion, several major insurance companieshave adopted loss of income provisions. These basicallysay that if your sickness or injury causes you to lose 20percent of your income, you're considered disabled. Thesecompanies generally agree that if your income loss is 75percent or more, you're totally disabled.

1 Commissioners Individual Disability Table B - Equally Weighted 30 Day Elimination Period



CONTRIBUTEDARTICLE(continued from page 41)

• Once you find a satisfactory definition of disability,look for other provisions that fit your needs. Somequestions you may want to ask are:

■ How long should my disability benefits last? Thisdepends on your age, income and cash position.Usually the shortest benefit period is two years. Otherplans pay for five years or to age 65. Many peoplepurchase coverage that lasts until age65. If you can'tafford age 65coverage, buy thelongest benefitperiod you canafford. Manycompanies will allowyou to upgradecoverage if yourhealth is good.

■ How long must Iwait to receivebenefits?Companies havevarious eliminationperiods ---theperiod of time afteryou're sick or injured before benefits begin toaccrue. The elimination period can be as short as 30days or as long as one year. The shorter theelimination period, the more expensive your policywill be. Many people choose either a 90- or 180- dayelimination period. Your elimination period shouldconsider your savings and your assets.

■ How does my disability policy meet inflation? Qualitydisability insurance companies offer cost of livingagreement (COLA) riders. These riders increase yourmonthly disability benefit during disability to help keeppace with inflation when disabled, based on theConsumer Price Index-Urban (CPI-U). Companies offer a

wide variety of COLA riders. Some are fixed rates,others are based on the CPI-U. Some are calculated ona simple basis, others on a compound basis.Determining which you buy should be based on yourage, your income and your length of time to retirement.

■ What else should I look for? Most high-qualitypolicies contain a rehabilitation clause. No matterhow good your disability policy may be, it is not a

substitute for yourability to work and earna living. Insurancecompanies areinterested in gettingyou back to work, andwill often help you getrehabilitated. Somepolicies limit theamount of money paidfor rehabilitation andsome are based on amutual agreement.Make sure you read thefine print and understand the insurancecompany's responsi-bilities and yours.

• Find a knowledgeable insurance agent. When lookingfor an individual disability income insurance policy, youshould find a knowledgeable insurance agent, especiallyone who specializes in your profession. He or she shouldknow and understand professional disability product linesfrom all of the major companies and available associationcoverages.

• Don't be afraid to ask for sample policies. Make sureyou read them. In insurance, only what is in the policyapplies. Like other financial products and services, reviewand update your disability plan annually.

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LEGALISSUES(continued from page 8)

The arbitrator ruled in favor of the design firm, awarding itevery dime of its unpaid fee. In doing so, he specifically foundthat the parties had agreed to the estimated construction costverbally put forth by the architect. He further found that,because the owner did not timely object to any of the architect’sinvoices, i.e., no objection was raised until the architectdemanded arbitration, that therefore the owner had waived anyobjection to the estimated construction cost which, again, onecould determine simply by taking into account the total fee andthe percentage complete set forth on each such invoice.

Undaunted, the owner went to court to try to have thearbitrator’s ruling overturned. In court, the owner asserted thatthe arbitrator had “amended” the parties’ contract by awardingthe architect its fee based on an estimate, as opposed to actualconstruction costs ascontemplated by the contract.It further argued that, in doingso, “amending” the contract,he had exceeded his powers.This was particularly ironicbecause, again, it was theowner which had argued tothe arbitrator that he shouldignore the contract and awarddamages based on the“equitable” value of thearchitect’s work. Taken at facevalue, the owner was trying toconvince the court that the architect was not entitled to billanything whatsoever because there was never any construction.Basically, the architect should have worked for free, kind of likeon a contingency basis, until the actual cost of construction wasdetermined, presumably after final completion of the project. Ofcourse, that “theory” could not even be reconciled with theowner’s own action in making the one progress payment that itdid make. In any event, and further taking the owner’s positionat face value, its interpretation of the fee provision would meanthat an owner would be free to stop the project at any pointprior to construction, and owe the architect nothing, at leastunder the contract. The architect would take all of the risk, andwould be paid only if the owner decided to proceed. Otherwise,the architect could try to convince either an arbitrator or a courtto, in “equity,” order some limited payment, certainly nowherenear as much as what was contemplated at the time thearchitect signed the contract, and certainly nowhere near asmuch as what had rightfully been earned.

At the end of the day, the court rejected the owner’s variousarguments and confirmed the arbitrator’s award. Eventually,the architect, our client, was paid. While the story has a happyending, it also provides some important lessons when itcomes to these kinds of percentage of cost of constructionpayment provisions.

For starters, it is important to make certain that the contractprovides a “backup plan” for determining construction cost allthroughout the project, before even construction begins. It is

altogether possible that, without the AIA commentary quotedabove, the case herein described could have come outdifferently. Parties should also take care to make sure that theterminology used, e.g., “construction cost,” as opposed to“Cost of the Work,” be consistent. Had the contract at issuesimply used the defined term, “Cost of the Work,” rather thanthe undefined term, “construction cost,” the owner would nothave been able even to try to sow confusion over whether, orto what extent, the two differed from each other. Thirdly,when it comes to estimating, architects should do so inwriting, and to the owner, so that there can be no disputeabout what that figure is. Furthermore, that estimated amountshould be plainly set forth on the architect’s invoices so thatanyone picking them up can immediately see upon what the

fee is based.From a more general

standpoint, and dependingon the project, seriousconsideration should begiven to utilizing analternative fee arrangement,e.g., lump sum. There arereasons, some better thanothers, to make use of thepercentage of the cost ofconstruction approach.However, the downsides arenot insignificant and, in a

recession, all the more pronounced and likely to manifest.Finally, even if the initial contract calls for payment determinedby a percentage of the construction cost, architects would bewell served to, at the appropriate time, propose converting toa lump-sum fee. Doing so would require an amendment to thecontract, but the owner certainly has a mutual interest indetermining a specific, bottom-line amount that it will have topay out at the end of the day. The appropriate time might beas soon as the design has been approved, when both sidescan have a real degree of confidence in knowing what is thescope of the project. Regardless, removing the inherentuncertainty built into any contract which bases the designprofessional’s fee on what the project ends up costing to buildis in the interests of both parties.

1 The contract further provided that payments “on account ofservices rendered and for Reimbursable Expenses incurredshall be made monthly upon presentation of the Architect’sstatement of services.”

2 Stark v. Roussey & Assocs., Inc., 25 Ill. App. 3d 659, 323N.E.2d 826 (1 Dist. 1975).

“Defendant’s contention apparentlyis that “construction cost” shouldbe read to mean the amount itactually paid out toward the

construction of the project, whichis nothing at all.”

Shawn E. Goodman • SABO & ZAHN, LLC401 North Michigan Ave. • Suite 2050 • Chicago, Illinois 60611(312) 655-8620 • Fax: (312) 655-8622Website: www.sabozahn.com • Email: [email protected]


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ALA 2013 Architecture Conference and Product ShowTuesday, October 22nd • 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM

Drury Lane Conference Center • Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois

Keynote Presenter: Mr. Kai-Uwe BergmannPartner at BIG - Bjarke Ingels Group

We are excited to announce Kai-Uwe Bergmann, Partner at BIG - Bjarke Ingels Group aCopenhagen-based architecture firm as our keynote speaker for the 2013 Architecture Conference andProduct Show.

A talented architect and businessman, Kai-Uwe heads up BIG’s business development whichcurrently operates in over 10 countries. Bergmann is registered as an architect in the United States, UK,and Denmark.

Kai-Uwe is well-prepared to speak on the topic "Yes Is More", a design philosophy that brings apositive approach to the design of buildings and cities we inhabit. It also represents a determination tothe masses, with all the humor and fun involved in the adventure of architecture. This keynote addresswill demonstrate how BIG has applied "Yes is More" design philosophy to their practice and their workwith clients.

BIG has created a reputation for completing buildings that are as programmatically and technicallyinnovative as they are cost and resource conscious. BIG’s recently completed projects include The Danish Pavilion at theShanghai World Expo and The 8 House, which was named Best Housing project at the World Architecture Festival in Barcelona.The firm recently received the National AIA Honor Award and Wall Street Journal’s Innovator of the Year Prize. Projects currentlyunderway in North America include the New York City based 600 unit West 57th Tower and the forthcoming Kimball Art Centerin Park City, Utah.


ALA ExecutiveDirector JoanneSullivan presentsChris Coyne, ALA,of LeopardoCompanies, with acertificate ofappreciation for hispresentation onthe Hanover Park Police Station.

ALA Director RickGilmore, FALAthanked presenterKelly Reynolds for aninformative and livelyseminar on the 2012 IBC Codes heldin Schaumburg, IL.

March Program: Masonry Madness at the International Masonry Institute

ALA President Jeff Budgell,FALA and RayUrick, ALAexamine one ofthe many displaysduring a guidedtour at theMasonry Madnessevent held at theInternationalMasonry Institute.

April Program: Codes and Standards Workshop

ALAWISCONSIN

CHAPTERNEWS

On Thursday, April 25, 2013, ALA-Wisconsin held theirmonthly meeting and received a presentation on CrossLaminated Timber from Archie Landreman, North CentralRegional Director of WoodWorks -Design & Construction.The 20 members in attendance were introduced to this newengineered lumber concept by Archie who has spent hisentire career in the wood and structural component industry.He is well versed in the lumber business, having heldnumerous sales and management positions and possesses anacute knowledge of the engineered wood products industry.Besides being a valuable consultant that any one of usmay contact by simply calling him at 262- 497-5550, heis an ALA Affiliate and contributing board member ofALA Wisconsin.

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is comprised of layers ofwood strips laid up perpendicular (crosswise) tosubsequent layers to form a bi-directional load carryingbuilding element. Layers are either glued or nailed.Typical panels are 3, 5 or 7 layers and some of the layerscan be doubled in one direction for higher strength.Panels are fabricated in a variety of thicknesses typically3" up to 18"and widths from 4 feet to 10 feet andlengths up to 60 feet.

CLT is an environmentally friendly product as it begins withlumber produced through sustainably managed forests with thefinished product created by applied engineering methods. Itcan be used in multiple ways and has enjoyed much success inEurope and in Canada for commercial and residentialapplications. Examples of multi-story buildings up to ninestories in height are achieved with CLT. Each of the projectshighlighted in Archie's presentation spoke to the fact thatarchitects will have another "green" building product that is aviable and lower carbon alternative to concrete and steel.

Members of ALA Wisconsin met for a presentation on Cross Laminated Timberpresented by Archie Landreman of WoodWorks.

ALA Wisconsin April Meeting

ALAILLINOIS


Shown here on the Rush Medical rooftop garden are: CarolWisniewski, ALA; Rob Mills, ALA; Joanne Sullivan, ExecutiveDirector of ALA; Bernard Chung of Perkins + Will; Ann Barrecaand Jeff Whyte, ALA.

Our sponsor,Mike Cook andJohn Piersonfrom Carstens,showed theirnewest andpopularproducts formedicalsolutions.

May Program: Tour and Case Study of the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago

Many thanks to Jim Zajac, AIA and John Moorhead of Perkins +Will who led our tour groups and shared their successes andchallenges through a case study of this LEED Gold, state-of-the-art hospital.

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ALA Continuing Education ProvidersPlease call upon our CEP Providers to provide seminars

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IMAGINiTInterline Creative Group, Inc.International Leak Detection

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Reading RockSchuyler, Roche & Crisham, P.C.

The Vinyl Institute, Inc.To the Top Home ElevatorsTremco Barrier Solutions Residential, Commercial, Institutional

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