LIBRARY ARCHIVES

iznAGim a? .n a t io n s >

Cornrnunioatcd t o t h o C r .u m i l ar:d th e Member s of tL.o L ea g u e ,

C .1 5 6 , M-.3 7, 1924 . XI,

Mai c h 15 t h , 1 9 £ 4 ,

Geneva,

TBAFPIO I N OPI TJU.c

%3B _SB0Q K' OlIJP.T Q0Nl?^?JilN05.

The S e e r e t a r y - G e n e r a l h a s t h e honou:

the r e q u e s t of t h e Opium P r e p a r a t o r y Committee t h e

f o l l o w i n g documents f o r t h e i n f o r m a b ien o f t h e

Members of t h e League,

(1 / O b s e r v a t io n s by t h e N e t h e r l a n d s Government.,

(2) P r o p o s a l s s u b m i t t e d "by Mr. Edwin N e v i l l e on

"behalf of th e Government o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .

(1 ) GBSEH7AII0NS BY TEE NETHSELaKDS

GüTI lMCSNÎT

w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e Second Opium C o n fe re n c e , November. 1924

The o b j e c t c f t h e Opium C o n fe re n c e which v . i l l open on

S cveabo r 1 7 th , 1924 , i s to l i m i t t o t h e q u a n t i t i e s r e q u i r e d f o r

m e d ic a l and s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s :

a ) She q u a n t i t i e s of m o rp h in e , her o i n , c o c a in e and t h e i r

r e s p e c t i v e s a l t s w h ich mey he m a n u f a c tu r e d ;

c) th e q u a n t i t i e s of raw opium end c o c a l e a v e s which. m^T he

im p o r te d f o r t h a t p u r p o s e ;

c) The o u tp u t of raw opium and c o ca l e a v e s f o r e x p o r t .

The F.oyal Government c o n s i d e r s t h a t the l i m i t a t i o n of m anufac t iu r

ex p r o d u c t i o n , as p ro p o se d by t h e C o n f e re n c e , c a n o n ly he s u c c e s s f u l

i f a l l c o u n t r i e s i n w h ic h s u c h m a n u f a c tu r e or p r o d u c t i o n t a k e s

p l a c e a c c e p t t h e p ro p o s e d r e g u l a t i o n s , i f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s u n d e r t a k e

t t o commence such m a n u f a c tu r e or p r o d u c t i o n , and i f c o n t r o l

e f f e c t u a l l y e .u e ro ise d i n a l l o o u n t r i o s ,

2 .

I n v iew of tfce f a o t t h a t c e r t a i n o f t h e p r i n c i p a l opium

a n u f a c t u r i n g c o u n t r i e s have n o t y e t a d h e re d t o t h e Opium

C o n v e n t io n and t h a t v e r y few c o u n t r i e s ha"ve a s y e t adop ted t h e

Im port c e r t i f i c a t e sy s to m , i t s e e n s im p ro b a b le t h a t the f o r e g o i n g

I. c o n d i t i o n s w i l l "bo f u l f i l l e d i n th e l o r e d i a t e f u t u r e ,

On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e Government t h i n k s t h a t t h e g e n e r a l

nd e f f e c t u a l p u t t i n g i n t o f o r c e of t h e Opium C o n v e n t io n and t h e

im p o r t c e r t i f i c a t e sy s te m , o r some o t h e r s i m i l a r s y s te m would be

a n a d e q u a te m easure a g a i n s t t h e a b u se o f opium, and t h e l i m i t a t i o n

of p r o d u c t i o n and m a n u fa c tu re would no l o n g e r be n e c e s s a r y A ^

I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n , t h e Government would p o i n t o u t t h a t any

su.clb. l i m i t a t i o n would, i n e v i t a b l y i n v o l v e a r i s e i n p r i o o s on th e

■ a w f u l , no l e e s t h a n on t h e i l l i c i t m a r k e t , w i th t h o r e s u l t cf

r e s t r i c t i n g It he u s e o f n a r c o t i c s f o r ns d i c a l p u r p o s e s .

I f , h o w e v e r , i t i s p r o p o s e d t o c o n s i d e r t h e p o s s i b i l i t y ox

l i m i t i n g pr f id u a t io n and m a n u f a c t u r e , t h e Government v e n t u r e s t o

ig g es t tb^t a t t e n t i o n sh o u ld f i r s t be d i r e c t e d t o c o c a , and t h a t

It m igh t a f t e r w a r d s be c o n s i d e r e d w h e th e r t h e p r o p o s e d m easu res

would a l s o bo a p p l i c a b l e to opium.

T h is a p p e a r s t o bo t h e b e s t p r o c e d u r e b e c a u s e l i m i t a t i o n

would be l o s s d i f f i o u l t i n th e c a s e cf c o o a th a n i n t h e c a se o f

F cp iu m , inasm uch as t h e poppy can be c u l t i v a t e d i n a l l c l i m a t e s ,

I and i s a a t u a l l y c u l t i v a t e d i n a number cf c o u n t r i e s i n w hich

B o f f e e t u a l c o n t r o l i s i m p o s s i b l e . Cooa, on th e o t h e r han d , i s

v on ly p ro d u ce d i n a few a r o a s ,

Althoxigh i t ca m o t be d e f i n i t e l y l a i d d own t h a t t h e p r o -

I duct i o n o f o ' ,o a would be q u i t e i m p o s s i b l e i n any n o n - t r o p i c a l

c o u n t r y , t h e r e i s no doub t t h a t o oca cann o t be p ro d u ce d i n e v e r y

F c l ina te , Those c o u n t r i o s , h o w e v e r , whose c l im a t e i s n o t

;■ d e f i n i t e l y u n f a v o u r a b l e t o t h e c u l t i v a t i o n o f c o c a , b u t which do no t

I a t p r e s e n t c u l t i v a t e i t , s h o u l d u n d e r t a k e not t o do so i n t h e f u t u r e

m ---------------

Compare t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d i n I t a l y (M in u te s of t h e o r d i n a r y s e s s i o n o f th e Perm anen t Committee o f t h e O f f i c e I n t e r n a t i o n a l d ’■Hygiene P u b l i c , O c to b e r , 1923 , page 32) a n d i n th e U n i t e d S t a t e sI P h a r m a c e u t i s h Woekblad" 1924 , Ko. 4 , Page S3 , v& ich c o n t a i n s a summary of an a r t i c l e by C o lo n e l It .G. T iu t t , p u b l i s h e d i n nDrug and C hem ical M a r k e t s ” , J a n u a r y End, 19 24 , Page 9 j ,

$ho Rasul Q-cfvmrrrajrt i s o f op in ion t h a t i t would be w g l l

to consider In t h e f i r s t p lace whether tfco boat noans of a t t a in i n g

th e1 object in v iew would not "be to e s t a b l i s h a syn d ica to underiffHecffootive c o n t r o l i

Should any eerio iia o b jeo t lo n b© r a is e d to "this su g g e s t io n ,

the Kotberlands Government th in k s th a t th o l im i t a t i o n of th e

production of th e o oca l e a f should be con sid ered ; for i t i s obvious

tlhact r o s t r i o t i v o measures would be more e f f e c t u a l i f d ir e c te d

against raw n a te r ia I s o f large bulk and s n a i l value than a g a in s t

aaaufaetured products o f sm all bu lk and la r g e v a lu e , whioh are

often produood by oomplioated p r o c e s s e s .

The f i r s t n e c e s s i t y w i l l be to determine the area at presont

under c u l t i v a t i o n . On the TSasis cf data fu rn ish ed p r i n c ip a l ly

by th e League of N ations , the N etherlands Government has compiled

the fo l lo w in g suracary of coca c u l t i v a t i o n .

The world consumption o f oooaino in 1910 has been est im ated

* from 13,000 to 15 ,000 kilograms (15 ,000 Xgs. b e in g approxim ately

jqual to 500,000 ounces); in the years f o l lo w in g 1910 the

icnsumption would appear to have d im in ished .

Goca has always been o u l t i m t e d in Peru and B o l i v i a . I t s(1)

na.lti v a t io n has a lso been introduoed in to Java, Ceylon, and Formosa,

in Formosa, the c u l t i v a t i o n of ooca i s o n ly in i t s in fa n c y (tî*e

irea undor c u l t i v a t i o n i s 201 h e c ta r e s ) and in Ceylon i t i s

noons iderab le; the o n ly co u n tr ie s whioh produce la r g e q u a n t i t i e s

;herefore, are Peru, B o l i v ia and Java.

I f i t i s o o r reo t t h a t B o l iv ia does not export e i t h e r ooca

eaves or raw oooaine and i f we d isregard the output of Japan and

oy lon , i t f o l lo w s th a t Peru and Java produce the coca lea v e s whioh

orm the raw m a ter ia l fo r a l l the oooaine manufactured in the w orld ,

n t h i s c onneotion there i s an important ' d i f f e r e n o e between th e two

o u n tr ie s ; cocaine oan be ex tracted â i r e o t ; from th e South American

ET2he c u l t iv a t io n o f ooca i n Mungpoo, Jamaica, Zanzibar, the Cameroone„ Gabun, S t . Thome and B risbane, mentioned by Hartwig in irDie Monsohlichon Gerrussmittel11 and i n th e S t r a i t s S e tt lem en ts i s pure ly experim ental and has at p resen t no importance i n oonnootion w ith the Question under oonsideratit*n .

____________________

oooa, Java ooua merely y i e ld s ecg o n in , from whioh oooaine oan be

manufactured s y n t h e t i c a l l y . CSonsequontly, Java oooa i s not used

as a s t in m la n t "by the n a t i v e s . In Java, v/here the area under

c u l t iv a t io n in 1922 was a tout 1400 h e c t a r e s , th e oooa l e a f i s c u l t i v a t e s

purely f o r ex p o rt , whereas in Peru almost the enture output of the

oooa l e a f (tho f ig u r e s are unknown) i s consumed by the people

o f th e country , who ohew the le a v e s mixed with ch a lk .

The fo l lo w in g tab le - which i s based , in the oase of the

N etherlands, p a r t ly on u n o f f io i a l data - shows the q u a n t i t i e s of

oooa lea v es which were a v a i la b le f o r export in 1920, 1921, and 1922

and tho q u a n t i t ie s o f oooaine which they would y i e l d , I t has been

assuJPed that th e coca l e a f has a raw coca ine oontent o f C.8'3 o f the

o r ig in a l w eight, and th a t raw oocaine y i e ld s 75^ c o c a in e .

Java Peruvian Peruvian T ota l l e a f . l e a f . raw p o t e n t ia l

Year. oooaiho . q u a n t ityof o o ca in e .

k g s . legs. K g s . K gs .

1920 1 ,707 ,138 453,067 1,637 14,190

1 ,0 7 2 ,6 7 3 87,849 157 7 ,061

1 ,2 8 3 ,5 0 3 124,357 862 9 ,093

In t h i s t a b l e , however, th e p ercen tages taken are probably

noorrect; i t appears from Annex 5 of the Minutes of th e 5th

e ss io n o f the Advisory Committee on Opium fC.418 M.184, 1923, page

^ ^ H h a t the q u an tity manufactured in Japan alone was as much as

,324 Kgs. in 1921 and 3 ,680 kgs. in 1922.

I'he Peruvian oooa l e a f was exported p r i n c ip a l ly to th e United

t a te s , Great B r ita in and Iquique ( C h i l i ) ; the oooaine was exported

D th e United S ta te s , Germany and Japan. ITq oooaine salts or other

ir an raw oocaine are manufactured i n Peru.

he cooa l e a f produced in th e Dutoh In d ies was exported

l r i n o i p a - H y to t h o I7e t h e r I a n d s ,

m 1980 1 .3 9 7 ,0 8 0 kgs*,r 198 1 '6 1 5 ,2 8 2 71■' 19 23 9 0 3 ,2 9 0 11

■ n i to a l e e s d eg ree to Japan , p a r t i o u Ja r l,y d u r in g t h e l a s t few

y e a r s a

i n 1980 295 ,488 k g s ru 1921 4 5 2 ,6 3 4 n11 1922 3 7 8 ,3 0 7 "

À l a r g e p r o p o r t i o n or? t h e o o o a l e a f im p o r te d i n t o t h e

N ether l a n d s i s r e - e x p o r t e d - c h i e f l y to Germany, b u t a l s o t o

France , S w i t z e r l a n d and America.,

The f i r s t c o n d i t i o n f o r s e c u r i n g an e f f e c t i v e l i m i t a t i o n

o f p r o d u c t i o n i s t h a t a l l c o u n t r i e s s h o u ld a d h e re t o th e Opium.

C onven tion and s h o u ld a c c e p t t h e im p o r t c e r t i f i c a t e system»

C o u n t r i e s vti.l l a l s o h ave t o u n d e r t a k e to com m unicate w i th o u t

d e la y a l l d a t a r e l a t i n g to t h o a r e a u n d e r co oa c u l t i v a t i o n and to

im p o r t s and e x p o r t s , ( i n c l u d i n g c o n s ig n m e n ts by p a r c e l p o s t ) , with.

a view to f a o i ' l i G a t i n g m u tu a l c o n t r o l * I t w i l l a l s o he

n e c e s s a r y t o e n s u r e t h a t c o u n t r i e s w h ich do n o t a t p r e s e n t c u l t i v a t e

cco^a do n o t u n d e r t a k e i t s c u l t i v a t i o n i n th e f u t u r e . The p ro b lem

m igh t h e more e a s i l y s o lv e d i f cooa c u l t i v a t i o n c o u ld he stopped.

i n Formosa.. Ceylon and th e o t h e r d i s t r i c t s i n w hioh i t i s &f- y e t

i n i t s i n f a n c y . I t s s u p p r e s s i o n i n t h o s e p l a c e s m ig h t prove

n e c e s s a r y i n v iew o f t h e f a c t t h a t th e c u l t i v a t i o n i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s

w i l l have t o he r e d u c e d t o a much g r e a t e r d e g r e e „

We slaLi t h e n h a v e to c o n s i d e r w h e th e r t h e c u l t i v a t i o n of

ooca l e a v e s f o r home co n su m p tio n i n P e r u and B o l i v i a s h o u ld he

le £ b T L uregu la t t i l , a n d , i f s o , w h e th e r t h o s e c r e t e x p o r t a t i o n of th e

l e a f and of rav.' c o c a in e c o u ld he p r e v e n t e d - a much more

d i f f i c u l t q u e s t io n *

An a t t e m p t m ust he icado t o e s t a b l i s h an e q u i t a b l e

j^ S fo o r t io n f o r t h e a l l o c a t i o n b e tw e e n p r o d u c i n g c o u n t r i e s o f th o

H H p r t i ty o f cooa lea'-f to be employed i n th e m a n u fa c tu re o f c o c a in e .

ft.

In v ie w o f t h e v a r y i n g cc c a l m o o n t e n t o f t h e oo oa l e a f in ­

d i f f è r e n t c o u n t r i e s , and i n d i f f e r e n t h a r v e s t s i n the same

c o u n t r y . t h i s p r o p o r t i o n must be h a ^ e d n e t on?.y on t h e q u a n t i t y

of c o o a l e a f t u t a l s o on i t s o o o y in s <3- on t o n t .

Gare m i l hav e t o he t a k e n t h a t n o tv v i t l i s t a n d in g the. r e s t r i o t i v s |

measu.2‘6 c v /hioh may ho t a k e n j n t h e c u l t i v a t i o n of t h e ooca l o a f

f o r t h e wow Id n a r k o t r e m a in s s u f f i c i e n t l y p r o f i t a b l e f o r p r o d u c t i o n

to "be m a i n t a i n e d , M oreover , s h o u l d c u l t i v a t i o n "bo ! l im ited t o

c e r t a i n c o u n t r i e s , n s a s u r e s w i l l have t o he c o n s i d e r e d f o r e n s u r i n g

;<S s i î f f l o i e u t s u p p l y f o r t h e m e d i c a l r e e d s of t h e d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s

n t im e cf v?are

I t i s g e n e r a l l y a g r e e d t h a t t h e q u a n t i t y o f 3 00 a i ne a t p r e s e n t

■ a r a i l a » le i s rauoh t o o l a r g e f o r t h e m e d i c a l a n d so r e n t i f i o n e e d s o f

t h e whole world ,. N e v e r t h e l e s s 3 g r e a t p ru d e n c e w i l l have to he

e x e r c i s e d i n im p o s in g r e s t r i c t i o n s , so a s t o p e r m i t s f due

c e n s i d e r a b i o n o f v a r i o u s c o n se q u e n c e s of r e s t r i c t i o n » P ru d en ce

3 e s p e o ia X ly n e o e s s a l y inasm uch a s hhe c x a o t f i g u r e s of p r o d u o t i o n

nd of the q u a n t i t i e s r e q u i r e d f o r n o d i c a l p u r p o s e s a r e n o t known»

M easures w i l l have t o he d e v i s e d t o p r e v e n t i l l i c i t

r ad o from g e t t i n g h o l d of t h e c o c a i n e i n t e n d e d f o r m e d i c a l X2S0,

and to e n s u r e t h a t i t w i l l a lw a y s he p o s s i b l e t o o b t a i n o o c a in e

f o r l e g i t i m a t e p u r p o s e s a t a r e a s o n a b l e p r i c e „ l b w i l l t h e r e f o r e

he nocoGuaary t o make p r o v i s i o n f o r t h o p o s s i b i l i t y o f a had c r o p ,

a id f c r an i n c r e a s e i n t h o l e g i t i m a t e n e e d s o f e a s t e r n c o u n t r i e s , .

I n which, th e employment of E u ro p ea n r e m e d ie s i s c o n s t a n t l y becoming

more f r o q u e n t *

It. s h o u l d n o t he f o r g o t t e n t ' a a t a n r 0y 0rb 1 ona’L r e s t r i c t i o n

o f c u l t i v a t i o n i n t h e v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s w ould n o t pvoduoe t h e

d e s i r e d r e s u l t , f i r s l y , b e c a u s e an e x t e n s i v o o u l t i v a t i o n i s n e ed e d

i n I era. f o r i n t e r n a l consump t l c :is a n d , s e c o n d l y , b e o a u se t h e y i e l d

docs n o t depend s o l e l y on t h e a r e a u n d e r c u l t i v a t i o n , h u t a l s o on

th e i n t o r s i v o n o s s o f t h o h a r v c s t i n g p r o c e s s ^

C o n t r o l o f e x p o r t s w i l l t h e r e f o r e be a s i n o qua s o n ,

I n t h e osise o f -Java su oh c o n t r o l w i l l do e a s y , a s u o c a in o l e a v e s aro- a lw ayse x p o r t e d i n l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s , and no raw o o o a in e i s e x p o r t e d f ro m

the Island.» C o n t r o l w i l l "be much more d i f f i c u l t i n o a s e s l i k e

t h a t of P e r u , I n v h io h e x p o r t s t a k e th e fo rm o f raw c o c a i n e > which

has "very s m a l l hulk*

L a s t l y , i t w i l l h a ra t o ho r e a l i s e d t h a t o o o a in e can be

jfearmfaotured s y n t h e t i c a l l y , i n d e p e n d e n t l y o f t h e ooca l e a f , .

Should i n d u s t r y and ccm nerce f i n d i t t o t h e i r i n t e r e s t t o a d o p t

' h i s p r o c e s s , a l l m ea su re s t e n d i n g to r e s t r i c t t h e c u l t i v a t i e n

f t h o c o c a l e a f w i l l p r o b a b l y boo one u s e l e s s „ I n t h i s e v e n t u a l i t y

,o c o n t r o l cou ld be o x e r a i s e d o v e r t h e i m p o r t a t i o n o f raw

i r o d u c t s $ and c l a n d e s t i n e m sanrfao tu ro - w h i s h i s q u i t e ont o f t h e

r e s t i e n w i th J a v a ooca - would bo g r e a t l y f a c i l i t a t e d w h i lo

o n t r o l o f th e i l l i c i t t r a d e w o u ld bo s e v e r e l y h a n d ic a p p e d -

- 8 -

2 , PROPOSALS SUBMITTED BY ! 2 , EDWIN NSVTLLE OH BEHALF OF THE

GOVERNMENT OF SHE UNITED STATES.

The R e s o l u t i o n c a l l i n g t h e N a r c o t i c s C-onft

f o l l o w s : -

nThe Assembly, h a v in g n o t e d w i th s a t i s f a c t i o n t h a t i n ac 3 or dance w i th th e ÎJpe e x p r e s s e d in t h e f o u r t h r e s o l u t i o n

■d o p fced by th o Assembly i n 3.9B2, th e A d v is o ry Committee h a s I m p o r t e d t h a t the i n f o r m a t i o n new a v a i l a b l e makes i t p o s s i b l e t o r th e G-ovo m ir e n t s c o n c e rn e d t o exard.no w i t h a v iew t o th e i b o n c iu s ic n o f an a g re e m e n t , t h e q u e s t i o n o f th e l i m i t a t i o n o f |che amounts o f m o rp h in e , h e r o i n o r c o c a in e and t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e

s a l t s to bo m a n u fa c tu re d ; o f th e l i m i t a t i o n o f th e am ounts o f w ppfium and th e coca l e a f to be im p o r te d f o r t h a t p u rp o se and

■ t o r o t h e r m e d i c i n a l and s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s , a n d o f th e l i m i t a t i o n *>f th e p r o d u c t i o n o f raw opium and th e coca l o a f f o r e x p o r t to t h e amount r e q u i r e d fox' such m e d i c i n a l and s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s .

"R e q u es ts th e C o u n c i l , a s a means o f g i v i n g e f f e c t to th e ■ i r i n c i p l e s s u b m i t t e d by th e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f th e "Dnited S t a t e s ■ f America and th e p o l i c y which th e League, on t h e recom m endation ■ f the A dv iso ry Committee h a s a d o p te d , t o i n v i t e th e Governments ooneerne 1 to se n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s w i th p l e n i p o t e n t i a r y powers to a C on fe rence f o r t h i s p u r p o s e , t o be h e l d , i f p o s s i b l e , i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r th e C o n fe re n c e m en t io n ed .

nThe Assembly a l s o s u g g e s t s f o r t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f the ■ o u n c i l , t h e a d v i s a b i l i t y o f e n l a r g i n g t h i s C o n fe re n c e so a s to ■ n c l u d e w i t h i n i t s scope a l l c o u n t r i e s w h ich a r e Members o f th e ■ e a g u e , or P a r t i e s t o t h e C o n v e n t io n o f 1912, w i t h a v iew to S e c u r i n g , t h e i r a d h e s io n to t h e p r i n c i p l e s t h a t may be embodied ■ n any a g re e m e n t a r r i v e d a t . "

I t i s asatnr.ecL th .a t a l l s u g g e s t i o n s f o r th e p r a c t i c a l

a p p l i c a t i o n t h e r e o f sh o u ld d o i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h i t s t e r m s .

The Government o f th e U n i te d S t a t e s "b e l iev e s t h a t tho

following" s u g g e s t i o n s sh o u ld "be c o n s i d e r e d , "but does n o t c o w . i t

i t s e l f t h e r e b y to a d e f i n i t e p l a n , r e s e r v i n g t h e r i g h t t o add t o ,

a-lter or p ro p o se o t h e r s u g g e s t i o n s i n th e l i g h t o f p r o p o s a l s

farom o t h e r Pow ers .

I . Production.

1 . The c u l t i v a t i o n o f t h e opium poppy and th e coca l e a f p l a n t to bo r e d u c e d to tho am ount r e q u i r e d f o r th e p r o d u c t i o n c f opium and coca l e a v e s s u f f i c i e n t f o r m e d ic in a l and s c i e n t i f i c r e q u i r e m e n t s o n ly , a s d e te rm in e d "by p ro p e r a u t h o r i t y .As a p r e l i m i n a r y m easure no i n c r e a s e o f poppy or ooca l e a f p l a n t to be p e r m i t t e d , and th o s e n a t i o n s i n whoso t e r r i t o r y t h e s e a r t i c l e s a r e n o t p ro d u c e d to p r e v e n t t h e i r i n t r o d u c t i o n .

8. ITo encouragem en t to b e g iv e n to poppy o r coca l e a f c u l t i v a t o r s by th e S t a t e .

3 . The a c c e p ta n c e o f th e p r i n c i p l e t h a t no s t a t e s h o u ld r e l y upon th e rev enue from tho c o n t r o l o f opium a nd th e coca l e a f f o r p u r p o s e s o f o p e r a t i n g th e Government, beyond th e e x p e n se s i n c i d e n t to c o n t r o l l i n g th e n a r c o t i c s t r a f f i c .

4* C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s i n g o u t o f t r e a t yo o ' l i g a t i o n s w hich p r e v e n t c e r t a i n s t a t e s from r a i s i n g i n c r e a s e d r e v e n u e s from Customs t a x e s a s a s u b s t i t u t e f o r t h e t a x on opium o r coca l e a f and t h e i r d e r i v a t i v e s .

5 . The p r o v i s i o n s o f A r t i c l e s 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 o f th e Hague Opium C onv en tion to b e a p p l i e d to c o ca l e a v e s ,

ï r a n s p o r t a t i on .

1 . Opium to "be e x p o r t e d o n ly upon l i c e n s e f ro m t h e i m p o r t i n g c o u n t r y w h ioh m u s t "be p a r t y t o She Hague Opium Convention* i s s u e d upon p r e s c r i b e d r u l e s and r e g u l a t i o n s show ing t h a t i t i s im p o r te d e i t h e r f o r p u r p o s e s t e m p o r a r i l y p e r m i s s i b l e u n d e r C h a p te r I I o f th e C o n v e n t io n o r f o r m e d i c i n a l p u r p o s e s , The e x p o r t a t i o n o f opi'um o f l e s s t h a n 9fo m orph ine c o n t e n t , o r f o r p u r p o s e s u n d e r C h a p te r I I o f the C o n v e n t io n t o c e a s e a f t e r a f i x e d p e r i o d , s a y t e n y e a r s .

2 . Coca l e a v e s to be e x p o r t e d o n ly upon p e r m i t i s s u e d upon p r e s c r i b e d r u l e s and r e g u l a t i o n s f o r m e d i c i n a l p u r p o s e s , f r o m t h e i m p o r t i n g c o u n t r y .w h i c h m u s t be p a r ty to th o Hague Opium C onven tion*

3 . D e r i v a t i v e s o r p r e p a r a t i o n s o f opium and th e c o ca l e a f to be e x p o r t e d s o l e l y f o r m e d i c i n a l o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s .

4* Mo v e s s e l o r o l ie r common c a r r i e r to r e c e i v e f o r t r a n s p o r t any opium, c o ca l o a f , or d e r i v a t i v e o f e i t h e r , which i s n o t acco m p an ied by a c e r t i f i c a t e f rom th e c o u n t r y o f d e s t i n a t i o n show ing t h a t i t may b e l a w f u l I 37 im p o r te d , and by a document f rom t h e c o u n t r y o f e x p o r t showing t h a t i t may l a w f u l l y be e x p o r t e d . R e c i p r o c a l r i g h t o f s e a r c h on t h e h i g h s e a s i n r e g i o n s a g r e e d upon from t im e t o t i m e . t o e n f o r c e tx i i s p r o v i s i o n »

5* Transhipment- and b o n d in g p r i v i l e g e s t o be r e s t r i c t e d , to th e end t h a t , a s a g e n e r a l r u l e , t h e r e s h a l l be no ro -ex p c _-t o f opium, c o c a l e a f o r t h e i r d e r i v a t i v e s and p r e p a r a t i o n s „

M a n u fa c tu r e .

The p r o v i s i o n s o f A r t i c l e s 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 , 12 and 13 of, the Hague Opium C o n v e n t io n to a p p ly t o a l l d e r i v a t i v e s o r p r e p a r a t i o n s o f opium and c o c a l e a f w i t h s u i t a b l e . e x c e p t i o n s f o r s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s i n m e d i c i n e s .

2. C o u n t r i e s w i t h w e l l d e v e lo p e d c h s n i o a l a nd p h a r m a c e u t i c a l f a c i l i t i e s to p r o h i b i t t h e I m p o r t a t i o n c f n a r c o t i o d ru g s , d e r i v a t i v e s o f opium end th e co ca l e a f , p e r m i t t i n g only raw opium and th e coca l e a v e s t o be im p o r te d , e x c e p t sm al1 q u a n t i t i e s f o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r p o s e s Q

The e x p o r t o f m a n u f a c tu r e d d ru g s p r e p a r a t i o n s o r d e r i v a t i v e s o f opium o r th e coca l e a f t o be p e r m i t t e d on ly t o n a t i o n s which a r e p a r t y t o The Hague Opium C o n v e n t io n and which have a d e q u a te sy s te m s o f domcj'stic c o n t r o l , e x c e p t t h a t m e d ic in e s i n s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s ' • m a y ce e x p o r t é e .

'J- ii, v_L V

A c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e f e a t u r e s o th e C o n v e n t io n w i th a v ie w to p r e s c r i b i n g d é f i n i ■nowere f o r a p e rm a n e n t c e n t r a l o r g a n i s a t i o n »

Annual R e p o r t s to be s u b m i t t e d by a l l Powers p a r to th e C o n v e n t io n . She r e p o r t s s h o u ld show th e amount c f opium and coca l e a v e s p r o d u c e d , im p o r te o reported or u se d f o r l o c a l consum ption] , th e amou o f d e r i v a t i v e s or p r e p a r a t i o n s made t h e r e f r o m , im p o r te d , e x p o r t e d o r u s e d f o r l o c a l con sum ptio n a n i s h o u ld co v e r th e same loe r iod s o f t i m e .

I l l e g a l p o s s e s s i o n o f opium coca l e a f o r t h e i r • o r o p e r a t io n 3 or d e r i v a t i v e s t o bo a p e n a l o f f e n c

(general P r o v i s i o n s ,

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