Library 1.1Kristin AntelmanCharley Pennell

NCSU LibrariesNorth Carolina State University

ALCTS/CCS Cataloging Norms Discussion GroupALA Annual, Washington, DC

23 June 2007

The state of the catalog 2007 Libraries have a considerable investment in legacy

bibliographic metadata created under various content standards (local rules, ALA 1949, AACR, AACR2, AACR2rev.)

RDA (1997- ) is slow in coming, and has been taking increasing heat as it tries to satisfy perceived needs in multiple user communities

New community-of-interest-based content standards are emerging to replace AACRx (DACS, CCO, DCRM, CSDGM)

Our current integrated library systems are basically maxed-out inventory management systems with a veneer of public service functionality and little interoperability with the emerging Web 2.0 world

The state of the catalog 2007 The cult of MARC, which has served us well for

almost 40 years, is keeping us from moving ahead An increasing percentage of core library work is

being done in applications outside of the ILS which are not bound by its limitations, e.g. ILL, ERMS, full-text & database searching, collection development

Library users’ search expectations have been conditioned by interactions with commercial Websites, with which Libraries can barely afford to compete, but must

Libraries are becoming increasingly virtual as users interact with us online (e-resources, Second Life)

Endeca at NCSU Libraries Went live in January

2006 Works with a text

version of a daily snapshot of Libraries’ MARC & other metadata

Used to improve the discovery portion of the library catalog

Interoperates with ILS for holdings, current availability status

Web2 interface still present for known item & authority searching

Endeca features Commercial-

strength search/sort speeds

Site customizable relevance ranking

Faceted browse True browsing (LC

classification) Spell-checking ”Did you mean?” Automatic word

stemming

Endeca hierarchies Classification browse Format/Item type Geographic names Chronological periods

Classification browse Uses Library of Congress classification outline to filter

search results by call number Have added LC call numbers to most of our e-book and e-

journal records so these are not lost from browse Lost from call number browse: SuDocs, Microforms,

Archives/Manuscripts, collections with accession #

Future “catalog” development Enhance local catalogs Enable new uses on the web Properties of the semantic web Frameworks for content Frameworks for services

Enhance local catalogs improvements to catalog functionality: e.g,

bridge keyword and authority searching social networking data feeds from catalog into other

platforms

Human vs. machine interpretation the html web (and our data!)

semantics for readers; syntactic (hand-coded) linkages

vs. the semantic web

semantics for computers;derived “smart” linkages

Enable new uses on the web

Principles of the semantic web

1. Everything can be identified by URI's2. Links explicitly identify relationships

(e.g., "has subject”)3. Partial information is tolerated 4. Evolution is supported 5. Minimalist design. Standardize no

more than is necessary6. Missing doesn’t mean broken

Koivunen and Miller (2001), Talis

Frameworks for content Subject content

Resource Description Framework

Frameworks for content Subject content

Resource Description Framework Simple Knowledge Organization Systems

Frameworks for content Subject content

Resource Description Framework Simple Knowledge Organization Systems Ontology Web Language

Frameworks for content Subject content

Resource Description Framework Simple Knowledge Organization Systems Ontology Web Language

Names Friend Of A Friend

web services, or

service oriented architecture What is it?

Frameworks for services

RDA/DCMI agreement (May 2007) Commitment to work

together to: develop an RDA Element Vocabulary expose RDA Value Vocabularies develop an RDA Application Profile, based on

FRBR and FRAD

Separate elements from instructionsMake definitions, relationships explicitSeparate elements from instructionsMake definitions, relationships explicitdocuments community understandingguidance for crosswalks, toolsspecifies controlled vocabularies and encoding

documents community understandingguidance for crosswalks, toolsspecifies controlled vocabularies and encoding

Stefan Gradmann, “rdfs:frbr--Towards an Implementation Model for Library Catalogs Using Semantic Web Technology,”CCQ 39:3/4 (2005)

work:867-87

creator:123

War and Peace

Leo Tolstoy

http://www.concepts.org/work/http://www.concepts.org/work/867-87

http://www.concepts.org/expressionhttp://www.concepts.org/expression/756

has creator

has expression exp:756

is known as

Лев Толстои

is known as

man:008has manifestation has title

Simplified representation

http://www.concepts.org/manifestationhttp://www.concepts.org/manifestation/008

http://www.concepts.org/creator/http://www.concepts.org/creator/123

What will our “catalogs” be then?

The catalog (semantic web) should: recognize clusters of knowledge show lineage of publications, authors make previously unknown connections visible show authoritativeness of sources show popularity/use

Timothy Burke

(Bibliographic Control Working Group, March 2007)

What should this mean? Others will remix

What could this mean?

Librarians will add value

Hurdles to Library 2.0 Data Technical Economic Cultural

Hurdles: Data Historic catalog data has fewer, often more

general (less specific) subject headings Catalogers inconsistent in application of

subject headings Our subject tools (LCC/LCSH) not hierarchical MARC data not granular enough (5xx fields) Useful bib data not in controlled form Other humans can read our data, other

machines cannot

Hurdles: Data 260: Publication, distribution, etc.

260 $aWashington, DC :$bThe Society,$c1982- 260 $aNew York :$bWiley,$cc2005.

505: Contents note- not structured for use 505 00 |g1.$tEmerging Technologies in Surfactant-Enhanced Subsurface

Remediation /$rDavid A. Sabatini, Robert C. Knox and Jeffrey H. Harwell --$g2.$tImpact of Surfactant Flushing on the Solubilization and Mobilization of Dense Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids /$rL. M. Abriola, K. D. Pennell, G. A. Pope, T. J. Dekker and D. J. Luning-Prak --$g3.$tA Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationship for Solubilization of Nonpolar Compounds by Nonionic Surfactant Micelles /$rChad T. Jafvert, Wei Chu and Patricia L. Van Hoof --

508: Creation/production credits 508 $aMusic, Laxmikant Pyarelal.

511: Participant or performer 511 1- $aJohn Wayne, Maureen O'Hara, Ben Johnson, Harry Carey, Jr., Chill Wills,

J. Carrol Naish, Victor McLaughlin, Claude Jarman, Jr. 538: System details note

538 -- $aSystem requirements: Windows Vista, 2GB RAM, DVD-ROM drive. 586: Awards note

586 -- $aNational Book Award, 1981

Hurdles: Technical FRBR “Work” records Format of available tools Hierarchy tables Value tables

Work records No public repository of “work level” records exists

OCLC Research working on this issue FRBR models for library catalogs

OCLC: embedding OCLC “work numbers” in bib records based on 001/035 match

LC: based on LC NAF VTLS: manual connections made during cataloging

operation Depth questions: to translations, to editions, or to

everything (print, MF, video)?

Tools: Print only National bibliographies Print tools for libraries without financial

resources to use paid http services CIP Dewey classification AACR2

ASIS/T thesaurus!

Tools: Electronic, no Web services ClassWeb (LCC, LCSH, Juvenile SH) Cataloger’s Desktop (AACR2, LCRI, SCM,

CONSER documentation, MARC formats) HTML tables/databases

Authority files MARC format documentation Thesauri

Library catalogs

Hurdles: Economic Library & vendor personnel trends Library funding trends Ownership of tools

Hurdles: Economic -- Personnel Recent personnel trends in original

cataloging are away from professional subject/language specialists, towards paraprofessional generalists

Copy cataloging increasingly outsourced Production expectation trends in libraries

are paralleled in service agencies Cost and competition for programming/IT

personnel

Hurdles: Economic – Ownership Authority files- LC, NLM, OCLC, Getty,

IMDb Bibliographic records- OCLC, LC, BM,

individual libraries Book jackets/TOC/Reviews- Amazon,

Syndetics Solutions, BNA Dewey Decimal Classification- OCLC LCC/LCSH/LCNAF- LC Thesauri- LC, NLM, Getty

Hurdles: Cultural Liberal values, conservative actions Library tradition of sharing (ILL, Union

Lists, national libraries, MARBI, JSC) The worship of MARC Librarians feel proprietary about data that

they paid to create (OCLC, Z39.50) Resources on the World Wide Web should

be free

What free electronic services ARE available? DDC summaries (Excel, OCLC):

http://www.oclc.org/research/researchworks/ddc/terms.htm GSAFD: Guidelines on Subject Access to Individual Works of

Fiction & Drama (MARC/XML/ASCII, Gary Strawn): http://www.library.northwestern.edu/public/gsafd/

MeSH (MARC/XML/ASCII, NLM): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/filelist.html

Newspaper genre list (XML, OCLC): http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/termservices/resources/ngl.htm

WorldCat Identities http://orlabs.oclc.org/Identities/ Z39.50, SRW/SRU

Coming… NSDL (National Science Digital Library) Registry

http://sandbox.metadataregistry.org/vocabulary/list.html

Publisher name server http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/publisherns/

Works records (OCLC) VIAF (Virtual International Authority File)-

Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Library of Congress, Bibliothèque nationale de France, and OCLC based on SKOS & OWL

Find out more Greenberg, Jane, & Méndez, Eva (Eds.). (2007) “Knitting the

semantic Web”. Cataloging & classification quarterly, 43(3/4). Hillman, Diane. (2007) “Structures and standards for our

bibliographic future”, presentation for LC Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control, Chicago, IL, 9 May 2007. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/meetings/docs/hillmann-may9-2007.ppt

Tillett, Barbara B., & Harper, Corey. (2007) “Library of Congress controlled vocabularies, the Virtual International Authority File, and their application to the Semantic Web”. Available at: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla73/papers/147-Tillet_Harper-en.pdf

Vizine-Goetz, Diane. (2004) “Making knowledge organization schemes more accessible to people and computers”. OCLC newsletter, 266. Available at: http://www.oclc.org/news/publications/newsletters/oclc/2004/266/downloads/research.pdf