Liberal RevolutionsHistory 104 / March 1, 2013

Louis-PhilippeKing of France,

1830-1848

the “bourgeois king”

February 1848: Parisians at the barricades

Louis Blanc(1811-1882)

The scene at a national workshop

“June Days” in Paris

Nationalitiesof the

Austrian Empire

Vienna, March 1848: angry crowds

Vienna, March 1848: attacks on aristocrats

Metternich flees… the Emperor Ferdinand abdicates…

… and young Franz Josef becomes the new Emperor of Austria

Barricades in Berlin, March 1848

Friedrich Wilhelm IVKing of Prussia,

1840-1861

After the victory: a citizens’ militia on parade in Berlin

Remembering the martyrs: funerals for Berlin’s freedom fighters

Pius IXPope, 1846-1878

The central dilemma of liberalism in the 19th Century:

Liberals call for power to the people…

but which people?!

Thus: as power devolves from monarchs

to broader circles of the population,

conflicts intensify among various national groups.

The Frankfurt Parliament, May 1848 - April 1849

Prague in June 1848: violence during the Pan-Slav Congress

Lajos Kossuth(1802-1894)

Violence in Vienna (Oct. 1848)

Friedrich Wilhelm IV rejects the offer to becomeEmperor of Germany (Apr. 1849)

Sweeping up the remnants of revolution

Louis Napoleon BonapartePresident of France,

1848-1851Emperor of France,

1851-1870